22. Marine cargo insurance

2019 ◽  
pp. 597-626
Author(s):  
Eric Baskind ◽  
Greg Osborne ◽  
Lee Roach
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Commercial Transaction ◽  
In Transit ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Domestic Sale

This chapter focuses on the context in which risk in a commercial transaction can be transferred. There is always, in all sales of goods, the risk that the goods will be damaged or lost in transit from seller to buyer, except when the sale is conducted face to face. The parties may seek to control this risk in a number of ways, but typically will transfer its financial impact to a third party through insurance. In the international sales of goods, particularly where the goods are transported by sea, not only are the physical risks increased when compared to a domestic sale, but the logistics are such that determining the cause of the loss may be difficult, and attributing liability problematic. Consequently, it is preferable to have the security of a claim against an identifiable financially secure party in the event of loss. In documentary sales the buyer is induced to make payment or at least to accept risk of loss or damage to the goods only because that risk is insured. Consequently, contracts of marine cargo insurance have an essential role to play in such sales, and it is to this form of insurance that the chapter is devoted.

scholarly journals Self-reported use of technology by orientation and mobility clients in Australia and Malaysia before the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 026461962110190
Author(s):  
Lil Deverell ◽  
Jahar Bhowmik ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Bee Theng Lau ◽  
Fakir M Amirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information

Since the 1960s, many electronic travel aids have been developed for people with low vision or blindness to improve their independent travel skills, but uptake of these specialist devices has been limited. This study investigated what technologies orientation and mobility (O&M) clients in Australia and Malaysia have, use, like, and want to support their travel, to inform technology research and development. This two-phase mixed-methods study surveyed O&M clients face-to-face in Malaysia ( n = 9), and online in Australia ( n = 50). Participants managed safe walking using a human guide, long cane, or guide dog when their vision was insufficient to see hazards, but a smartphone is now a standard travel aid in both Australia and Malaysia. Participants relied on smartphone accessibility features and identified 108 apps they used for travel: for planning (e.g., public transport timetables), sourcing information in transit (e.g., GPS location and directions, finding a taxi), sensory conversion (e.g., camera-to-voice, voice-to-text, video-to-live description), social connections (e.g., phone, email, Facebook), food (e.g., finding eateries, ordering online), and entertainment (e.g., music, games). They wanted to ‘carry less junk’, and sought better accessibility features, consistency across platforms, and fast, reliable, real-time information that supports confident, non-visual travel, especially into unfamiliar places.

Soothing Wounded Vanity

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-137
Author(s):  
Joslyn Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
International Events

This chapter focuses on national humiliation and the triggering in the 1880s of the Scramble for Africa, an unprecedented land grab by European great powers. It demonstrates that individual-level support for aggressive policies, both vengeful in nature and directed at third-party states, increased within states that are confronted with potentially humiliating international events. The chapter reviews two international events that played an essential role in generating the competitive dynamics of the Scramble for Africa during the 1880s. The first event involved an instance of unexpected national failure, while the second event involved the denial of great power privileges by a higher status state. It also describes the acts of territorial conquest in Africa by France and Germany that generated status and security concerns within Italy and Britain, which led both states to adopt expansionary policies they likely would not have pursued otherwise.

scholarly journals Trust at a Distance—Trust in Online Communication in Environmental and Global Health Research Projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper de Vries ◽  
Séverine van Bommel ◽  
Karin Peters
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Online Collaboration ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Project Structure

Online collaboration to deal with (global) environmental and public health problems continues to grow as the quality of technology for communication improves. In these collaborations, trust is seen as important for sustainable collaborations and organizations. However, face-to-face communication, which is often lacking in these contexts, is seen as a pre-requisite for trust development. Therefore, this paper aims to explore empirically which factors influence the emergence of trust in the early stages of online collaboration. Using the relevant literature, we conducted a series of interviews around projects in the field of public health and the environment on the interface between science and practice. The results show that trust does develop between participants. This trust is strongly influenced by perceived ability and integrity, fostered by reputation, third-party perceptions, and project structure. In these contexts, these types of trust facilitate collaboration but are also influenced by a wider set of aspects such as power, expectations, and uncertainty. However, from the results we also conclude that online collaboration does not create benevolence and a shared identity, thereby limiting further trust development and leading to less strong relations. Strong relations, however, are deemed important to reach creative and innovative solutions and long-term sustainable collaboration and organizations.

scholarly journals Bmentoría: experiencia para los estudiantes nuevos en una universidad a distancia

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Corral Carrillo ◽  
Ana María Martín Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

RESUMENLos planes de orientación y acogida surgen en la universidad como una de las medidas facilitadoras en las situaciones de tránsito que sobrevienen en esta etapa educativa. Una estrategia reconocida como medida muy recomendable para acompañar a los estudiantes en su primer año de universidad es la mentoría entre iguales. Este artículo pretende, por un lado, ofrecer una panorámica sobre el programa piloto de bMentoría llevado a cabo en el Centro Asociado de la UNED en Sevilla iniciado en el curso académico 2014/2015; y por otro, presentar algunos de los resultados del primer año. La metodología se ha realizado mediante un estudio exploratorio, de carácter cuantitativo, descriptivo e inferencial que incorpora un análisis de conglomerados a fin de detectar grupos o perfiles en función de las dificultades encontradas al inicio de sus estudios. El tipo de necesidades detectadas corroboran los datos obtenidos en otras investigaciones (Callejo, 2001; García-Aretio, 1994; Sánchez-Elvira, Fernández y Amor, 2006; Sánchez, Manzano-Soto, Martín-Cuadrado, Oliveros, Rísquez, y Suárez, 2009), aunque despuntan otras necesidades relacionadas con las competencias digitales que les impide realizarse personalmente y participar en la comunidad educativa. Los medios electrónicos más usados en la relación de bMentoría son el WhatsApp y el e-correo, con un porcentaje de respuesta del 56% y el 40%, respectivamente. Los temas importantes se resuelven en el centro asociado, preferiblemente. El modelo de bMentoría muestra la importancia de combinar espacios formales e informales, presenciales y virtuales en la relación entre iguales.ABSTRACTOrientation and reception plans emerge in universities as one of the facilitating measures in transit situations arising in this educative stage. A strategy recognized as a highly recommended measure to accompany the students in their first year at university, is peer mentoring. This article intends, on the one hand, to offer an overview of the pilot program of bMentorship carried out in the Associated Center of the UNED (Spanish Open University) in Seville started during the 2014/2015 academic year; and on the other hand. The methodoly have been supported through exploratory study , as well as quantitative, descriptive and inferential , in the dame way It implement cluster analysis techniques in order to detect either groups or profiles according to the difficulties encountered at the start of their degrees. The type of detected needs corroborates the data obtained in other similar researches (Callejo, 2001; García-Aretio 1994; Sánchez-Elvira, Fernández and Amor, 2006; Sánchez, Manzano-Soto, Martín-Cuadrado, Oliveros, Rísquez, and Suárez, 2009), although other needs related to digital skills preventing them from personal development and participation in the educational community stand out. The most used social media in bMentoría's for communication are WhatsApp and email, with a response rate of 56% and 40%, respectively. The resolution of important issues is performed in the context of the associated center, preferably. The bMentoría model shows the importance of combining formal and informal spaces, both face-to-face and virtual, in the development of the relationship between peers.

scholarly journals Do you pass it on? An examination of the consequences of perceived cyber incivility

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly McCarthy ◽  
Jone L. Pearce ◽  
John Morton ◽  
Sarah Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
E Mail

Purpose The emerging literature on computer-mediated communication at the study lacks depth in terms of elucidating the consequences of the effects of incivility on employees. This study aims to compare face-to-face incivility with incivility encountered via e-mail on both task performance and performance evaluation. Design/methodology/approach In two experimental studies, the authors test whether exposure to incivility via e-mail reduces individual task performance beyond that of face-to-face incivility and weather exposure to that incivility results in lower performance evaluations for third-parties. Findings The authors show that being exposed to cyber incivility does decrease performance on a subsequent task. The authors also find that exposure to rudeness, both face-to-face and via e-mail, is contagious and results in lower performance evaluation scores for an uninvolved third party. Originality/value This research comprises an empirically grounded study of incivility in the context of e-mail at study, highlights distinctions between it and face-to-face rudeness and reveals the potential risks that cyber incivility poses for employees.

Prenegotiation Development of Optimism in Intractable Conflict

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean G. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Case Material ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Intractable Conflict ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychological Experiments

Except when there is substantial third-party pressure for settlement, participants in intractable conflict will only enter negotiation if they are motivated to end the conflict and optimistic about negotiation’s chances of success. The sources of such optimism are explored using case material from three intractable interethnic conflicts that were ultimately resolved by negotiation. In all three cases, optimism developed during prenegotiation communication between the parties. Also there were two main channels of communication, each channel providing credibility to the other and serving as a back-up if the other failed. In two of the cases the communication was face-to-face and friendly, but in the third it was distant and mediated by a chain of two intermediaries. A possible reason for this difference is that the parties were positively interdependent in the first two cases but not in the third. The paper concludes with a summary of three psychological experiments that demonstrate the impact of positive vs. negative interdependence.

scholarly journals Virtual delivery: a panacea for the financial and ethical challenges associated with physiology laboratory classes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-748
Author(s):  
Voula Gaganis ◽  
Elizabeth Beckett ◽  
Julia Choate ◽  
Nancy Aguilar-Roca ◽  
Sarah Etherington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Physiology Laboratory ◽  
Intended Learning Outcomes

There has been a gradual shift in the delivery of physiology laboratory classes over the last 30 years. For many, wet-lab demonstrations using animal tissues have been reduced or replaced with student-led investigations where students are both subjects and researchers. Despite these changes, expectations remain that physiology courses should include a practical component to encourage deeper and higher-order learning. Wet-lab tissue experiments and student-based group research formats can be expensive to run, associated with various ethical constraints, and, as discovered in these times of COVID-19, difficult to operate while adhering to physical distancing. We address the proposition that online and/or remote delivery of laboratory classes using digital technologies may provide a solution to both financial and ethical constraints of on-campus laboratory classes. Our discussions, as an international group of 10 physiologists from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, revealed that although some of the financial and ethical constraints of using animal tissues and student-led investigations were addressed by the introduction of online alternatives, the construction and maintenance of online delivery modes could also be expensive and ethical issues, not previously considered, included digital equity and student data security. There was also a collective perception that if face-to-face laboratory classes were changed to an entirely virtual mode there was a risk that some intended learning outcomes would not be met. It was concluded that the “ideal” approach is likely a hybrid model whereby student attendance in face-to-face, on-campus classes is supported with interactive digital content either developed in house or obtained through third-party providers.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM OF FINAL ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE (SIMBITA) WEB-BASED

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Eko Haryadi ◽  
Diah Wijayanti ◽  
Dewi Yuliandari ◽  
Syafrianto - ◽  
Asep Bambang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Management Information System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Coaching Process ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Questions And Answers

The implementation of guidance in two directions is carried out by discussing, conducting questions and answers, providing input and other activities. However, sometimes the guidance process carried out face-to-face experiences many obstacles so the coaching process does not run optimally and it is not as expected. The most common obstacle is when the supervisor is unable to attend the final assignment guidance. Communication barriers between students and supervisors also affect the success of the final assignment. Hence, it is necessary to develop a way to have the obstacles can overcome better. The method used to solve these problems using the system development life cycle method. The solution is currently using sms or online facilities such as email, social media, or the cloud from a third party. With this system, if face-to-face guidance activities are not possible, the process of preparing student final assignments can be carried out in order to be on time for the graduation of students in the institutions.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on digital medical education: compatibility of digital teaching and examinations with integrity and ethical principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Egarter ◽  
Anna Mutschler ◽  
Konstantin Brass
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Practical Examination ◽  
Medical Faculties

AbstractThe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic in 2020 has had a lasting impact on all areas of personal life. However, the political, economic, legal and healthcare system, as well as the education system have also experienced the effects. Universities had to face new challenges and requirements in teaching and examinations as quickly as possible in order to be able to guarantee high-quality education for their students.This study aims to examine how the German-speaking medical faculties of the Umbrella Consortium of Assessment Network (UCAN) have dealt with the challenges but also the opportunities that the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created in medical education and whether digitalisation has been driven forward as a result. In an initial online-survey we focused our questions on the current teaching situation with regard to digitised teaching content, the support or establishment of adequate framework conditions by the medical faculties and IT facilities and also the execution of examinations during the summer semester 2020.Between August and September 2020, a total of 88 examiners, educators, dean of study and/or technical admins from 32 partner faculties took part in the survey. Students were not included in our survey. Most respondents stated that a switch to a digital semester had worked, the use of e-learning increased compared to previous semesters and that most courses could be converted, with the exception of practical courses, which were largely cancelled. The respondents also indicated that most examinations could still be taken, with the exception of practical examination formats, like Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). However, in the case of face-to-face examinations, strict distance and hygiene conditions had to be obeyed or there had to be a switch to distance-online examinations, which raised many open issues such as equal opportunities of students (technical equipment, internet access, premises) and attempts at deception (third-party help with the exam, mutual exchange between students, web search).In conclusion, we identified several issues regarding the rapid transition to a digital semester due to COVID-19 which were categorised into the following topics: Face-to-face teaching could not take place, (2) know-how of educators, (3) integrity aspects, (4) technical aspects, (5) additional personnel required, (6) additional time and effort required for implementation of digital teaching. Our study shows that a switch to digital teaching and distance online examinations is feasible, but many problems were encountered concerning academic integrity and basic ethical principles still need to be solved. In order to investigate whether above mentioned issued could be solved one year after the transition to a digital semester, we conducted a second survey in which the 32 initially surveyed institutions were questioned again.

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