Keyboard-Based Protocol for Typing Algebraic Expressions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Silvia Fajardo-Flores ◽  
J R G Pulido ◽  
María Andrade-Aréchiga
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Algebraic Expressions ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Pointing Device

Abstract Writing mathematical contents on digital format is more common every day. The usual method is to use WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) equation editors included in mainstream text editors. However, this method requires a good deal of interaction with formula templates and the use of a pointing device. While this type of equation editors is accessible to users without visual disabilities, they present barriers for users with visual disability (UWVDs). Keyboard-based equation editors should promote not only inclusion but also an acceptable performance for sighted and non-sighted users. In this article, we analyze the efficiency of the typing protocol of the Algebra Editor, an accessible keyboard-based equation editor prototype, with sighted users. Results suggest that the protocol allows typing approximately 60 characters per minute. We also analyze the type and frequency of errors made by participants and suggest improvements to the protocol, derived from the findings. These results can be used as a reference to compare the efficiency of the protocol with non-sighted users and with other equation editors in future studies.

Teaching Resilience to People With Visual Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Inger Solange Maitta Rosado ◽  
Jenmer Maricela Pinargote Ortega ◽  
Eva Alcivar Medranda ◽  
Elisa Ximena Coello Basurto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical University

The objective of the research is to develop resilience in people with visual disabilities at the Technical University of Manabí. The work offers a conceptual analysis on visual disability in students. It deals with what is related to the conceptual understanding of resilience, where several authors who have studied the subject are analyzed. The resilient capacity of students with visual impairment and the importance of psychological support is analyzed. The importance of the intervention in resilience is exposed, where the content of the Manual of Intervention in Resilience of Eugenio Saavedra 2011 is analyzed. The results of the measurement of resilience are shown in the students of the Technical University of Manabí who suffer from a visual disability and the situation that could be verified after applying the work of training in resilience to said personnel. Finally, the conclusions of the work are exposed, where the relevance of the study is demonstrated and a group of recommendations is made based on the importance of the results obtained in the research.

scholarly journals Utilización de la Comunicación por Radiofrecuencia para la Detección de Vehículos en Movimiento: Revisión del Estado del Arte

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony García ◽  
Yessica Sáez ◽  
José Muñoz ◽  
Ignacio Chang ◽  
Héctor Montes Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Detection Of Objects ◽  
Public Transportation System

This article presents the state of the art on the use of radiofrequency communication for the detection of objects and vehicles in motion, through the interaction between transmitter and receiver devices using ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands. By quantifying parameters such as the absence or presence of signals and their intensity, it is possible to approximate the distance between an emitting device and a receiver, localized in the vehicle and a fixed point, respectively . The study of the methodologies used in this article aims to develop a system oriented to guide people with visual disabilities in the public transportation system, taking advantage of the main characteristics of radiofrequency communication: low cost, easy implementation and full compatibility with electronic boards built on embedded systems.Keywords: radiofrequency, ISM bands, detection of vehicles in motion, support for visual disability people, ETA

STUDY OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, CAUSES AND MAGNITUDE OF VISUAL DISABILITY AMONG CERTIFIED VISUALLY DISABLED INDIVIDUALS ATTENDING OPHTHALMOLOGY OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL.

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Sandip Bodake ◽  
Madhuri Bhople
Keyword(s):  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Phthisis Bulbi ◽  
Disabled Patients ◽  
Visually Disabled

Aim: To determine the demographic characteristics, causes and magnitude of visual disability among certied visually disabled patients attending ophthalmology OPD in Government Hospital. Materials And Methods: A cross sectional record based study, where data was obtained from visual disability certicates of patients who attended OPD during the period from April 2019 to March 2020. Results: Total 509 patients were enrolled. Among certied individuals, males were more than females. Magnitude of visual disability of 100%, 75% ,40% And 30% was seen in 187 (37%), 39 (8%), 150 (29%) and 132 (26%) respectively. Among causes of visual disabilities Retinitis pigmentosa 70 (14), Uncorrected refractive errors 70 (14%), phthisis bulbi 68 (13%) contributed to majority of cases. Conclusion: Young adults contributed to majority of cases. Males were common than females. Most patients belong to category IV followed by category II. Retinitis pigmentosa and uncorrected refractive errors were the major causes of blindness.

Additive Technology in the Innovative Development of Educational Organization and Implementation of Social Projects Related to Improving the Living Conditions of People with Visual Disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Мясникова ◽  
L. Myasnikova ◽  
Пономарев ◽  
Vladimir Ponomarev ◽  
Самборская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Additive Technology ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
It Implementation

Tasks of the educational organization that additive technologies solve, the main problems encountered in the implementation of 3D-printing technology in the educational process, ways of additive technology’s commercialization and benefits to educational organization provided as a result of it implementation are considered in the article. The results of the analysis of 3D-modeling and 3D-printing technology using in the implementation of social projects related to improving the living conditions of people with visual disabilities are described.

scholarly journals DESIGN SPECIAL SCHOOL MATERIAL FOR THE STUDENTS WITH VISUAL DISABILITY USING ( THE KURDISH LANGUAGE FIRST TIME WITH BRAILLE IN THE WORLD ) AND BARCODE TECHNOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Yasar A. Al-Jaleeli
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Special School ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
First Time

Purpose of the study: It has been presented by the researcher in this paper to be relied upon in the design of curricula for visually impaired people using barcode technology in The Kurdish region and the Kurdish speakers, in this paper the researcher use the Kurdish language with the Braille first time in the world and he hopes to add this language to usage of Braille in the next modifying in UNESCO organization because of it is now the second official language in Iraqi law. Methodology: In these study characters of the Kurdish language has been investigated. Students with visual disabilities in the form of various groups gathered to be taught using the signs of Kurdish language. Their progress during this effort has been reported through this article Results: Braille is not exclusive to people without another. It is an easy-to-read and writes tool for people with visual impairments. Although the Kurdish population is more than 30 million, their language is not mentioned in the UNESCO Guide until 2018.

scholarly journals The Combat against COVID-19 in Portugal, Part II: How Governance Reinforces Some Organizational Values and Contributes to the Sustainability of Crisis Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8715
Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro Correia ◽  
Ireneu de Oliveira Mendes ◽  
Sandra Patrícia Marques Pereira ◽  
Inês Subtil
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Multi Level

The new coronavirus caught governments all over the world completely unaware, which led to a set of different and sometimes not quite articulated responses, leading to some undesirable results. The present investigation is based on three objectives: to assess the conditions “before” and “during” the combat and the expected consequences “after” the outbreak, by having as reference the Portuguese case; to offer a framework of the input factors to crisis management in the pandemic context; and to contribute to the crisis management literature, in the public sector from a perspective of collaborative and multi-level governance. This research is inductive and follows a quantitative approach, with the proposal and testing of a crisis management COVID-19 structural model. The Portuguese case presented in this paper suggests a robust and valid crisis management model. This model may be well translated for other countries with cultural proximity to the Portuguese culture, for instance, Portuguese speaking countries such as Brazil, or geographical proximity to Portugal such as, for instance, Spain. The authors, nevertheless, advise readers to exert some restraint on the extrapolation of the results, as governance systems and traditions can vary a good deal from country to country. Future studies should focus on the importance of coordination as one of the most important areas in crisis management, narrowing the scope of analysis from the broad, macro understanding of the research problem presented on this paper.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Tele-assistance Technological Tool in Activities of Daily Life of People with Visual Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Camilo Barrera Valencia ◽  
Consuelo Vélez Álvarez ◽  
Héctor Darío Escobar Góme ◽  
Paola Tatiana Henao Chic
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Video Conference ◽  
Blind Person ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Activities Of Daily Life ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Blind people lose an important degree of independence, which makes it difficult to carry out different activities of daily life. Objective: To develop and evaluate a telecare model that consisted of guiding a person with visual disability through a video conference to carry out activities of daily life. Methods: The telecare model is based on the guidance through voice commands. Telecare begins when a blind person, through a mobile device, transmits images, video and voice (video conference) in real-time to a person with normal vision in a different place that works as a guide, so that the guide knows the details of the blind person. The environment of the person that can solve immediate information needs, location or selection of objects requires visual support. It was evaluated with 37 people with visual disabilities through the Lawton & Brody scale. Results: It is an improved progressive evolution in the level of independence of the Lawton and Brody scale, which presents an advance of just over 2 points in the scale thanks to the tele-assistance application (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The participants were at a moderate level of dependence and, after the tele-assistance tests, their level was mild. The highest score was obtained in activities related to money management and purchases. In contrast, participants had less value activities within the home. The results allowed us to verify the effectiveness of telecare to improve the independence and well-being of people with visual disabilities.

Triple Fixation For Electron Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 90-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Large Clusters

Potassium permanganate has been successfully employed to study membranous structures such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, plastids, plasma membrane and myelin sheath. Since KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent, deposition of manganese or its oxides account for some of the observed contrast in the lipoprotein membranes, but a good deal of it is due to the removal of background proteins either by dehydration agents or by volatalization under the electron beam. Tissues fixed with KMnO4 exhibit somewhat granular structure because of the deposition of large clusters of stain molecules. The gross arrangement of membranes can also be modified. Since the aim of a good fixation technique is to preserve satisfactorily the cell as a whole and not the best preservation of only a small part of it, a combination of a mixture of glutaraldehyde and acrolein to obtain general preservation and KMnO4 to enhance contrast was employed to fix plant embryos, green algae and fungi.

An Early Developmental Marker for Radial Glia in Rat Spinal Cord

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
V. Kriho ◽  
H.-Y. Yang ◽  
C.-M. Lue ◽  
N. Lieska ◽  
G. D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Spinal Cord Development ◽  
Median Septum ◽  
Differentiation Marker ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Developing Rat

Radial glia have been classically defined as those early glial cells that radially span their thin processes from the ventricular to the pial surfaces in the developing central nervous system. These radial glia constitute a transient cell population, disappearing, for the most part, by the end of the period of neuronal migration. Traditionally, it has been difficult to definitively identify these cells because the principal criteria available were morphologic only.Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we have previously defined a phenotype for radial glia in rat spinal cord based upon the sequential expression of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and an intermediate filament-associated protein, IFAP-70/280kD. We report here the application of another intermediate filament-associated protein, IFAP-300kD, originally identified in BHK-21 cells, to the immunofluorescence study of radial glia in the developing rat spinal cord.Results showed that IFAP-300kD appeared very early in rat spinal cord development. In fact by embryonic day 13, IFAP-300kD immunoreactivity was already at its peak and was observed in most of the radial glia which span the spinal cord from the ventricular to the subpial surfaces (Fig. 1). Interestingly, from this time, IFAP-300kD immunoreactivity diminished rapidly in a dorsal to ventral manner, so that by embryonic day 16 it was detectable only in the maturing macroglial cells in the marginal zone of the spinal cord and the dorsal median septum (Fig. 2). By birth, the spinal cord was essentially immuno-negative for this IFAP. Thus, IFAP-300kD appears to be another differentiation marker available for future studies of gliogenesis, especially for the early stages of radial glia differentiation.

Autophagy and ageing: implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Carroll ◽  
Graeme Hewitt ◽  
Viktor I. Korolchuk
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Intense Research

Autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis. Autophagy is particularly important in stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and any perturbation in the ability of the cell to activate or regulate autophagy can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. An area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing. Age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including DNA damage, reduced energy availability, protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles. A reduction in autophagy activity has been observed in a number of ageing models and its up-regulation via pharmacological and genetic methods can alleviate age-related pathologies. In particular, autophagy induction can enhance clearance of toxic intracellular waste associated with neurodegenerative diseases and has been comprehensively demonstrated to improve lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, rodents and primates. The situation, however, has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing. Indeed, in certain situations, reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells. Future studies will undoubtedly improve our understanding of exactly how the multiple signals that are integrated to control appropriate autophagy activity change during ageing, what affect this has on autophagy and to what extent autophagy contributes to age-associated pathologies. Identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic, medical and social importance in our ‘ageing’ world.

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