Benchmarking Human Performance in Semi-Automated Image Segmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Mark Eramian ◽  
Christopher Power ◽  
Stephen Rau ◽  
Pulkit Khandelwal
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Algorithm Performance ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract Semi-automated segmentation algorithms hold promise for improving extraction and identification of objects in images such as tumors in medical images of human tissue, counting plants or flowers for crop yield prediction or other tasks where object numbers and appearance vary from image to image. By blending markup from human annotators to algorithmic classifiers, the accuracy and reproducability of image segmentation can be raised to very high levels. At least, that is the promise of this approach, but the reality is less than clear. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in semi-automated image segmentation performance assessment and demonstrate it to be lacking the level of experimental rigour needed to ensure that claims about algorithm accuracy and reproducability can be considered valid. We follow this review with two experiments that vary the type of markup that annotators make on images, either points or strokes, in tightly controlled experimental conditions in order to investigate the effect that this one particular source of variation has on the accuracy of these types of systems. In both experiments, we found that accuracy substantially increases when participants use a stroke-based interaction. In light of these results, the validity of claims about algorithm performance are brought into sharp focus, and we reflect on the need for a far more control on variables for benchmarking the impact of annotators and their context on these types of systems.

scholarly journals Experimental Guidelines for Studies Designed to Investigate the Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation on Exercise Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Powers ◽  
Ashley J. Smuder ◽  
Andreas N. Kavazis ◽  
Matthew B. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Research interest in the effects of antioxidants on exercise-induced oxidative stress and human performance continues to grow as new scientists enter this field. Consequently, there is a need to establish an acceptable set of criteria for monitoring antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in tissues. Numerous reports have described a wide range of assays to detect both antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage to biomolecules, but many techniques are not appropriate in all experimental conditions. Here, the authors present guidelines for selecting and interpreting methods that can be used by scientists to investigate the impact of antioxidants on both exercise performance and the redox status of tissues. Moreover, these guidelines will be useful for reviewers who are assigned the task of evaluating studies on this topic. The set of guidelines contained in this report is not designed to be a strict set of rules, because often the appropriate procedures depend on the question being addressed and the experimental model. Furthermore, because no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate in every experimental situation, the authors strongly recommend using multiple assays to verify a change in biomarkers of oxidative stress or redox balance.

Human Factors Considerations for Enhancing Performance in the Naval Airship

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Leveton ◽  
Bethany H. Drum ◽  
Peter Engel ◽  
Timothy K. O'Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Mission Duration ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Recommendations ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this research and review effort was to make recommendations for enhancing human performance on a conceptual airship under consideration for maritime use by the U.S. Navy. The major intent was to determine an optimal work/rest schedule and corresponding crew size (See Figure 1). These recommendations assumed an inflight mission duration of 30 days with crew exchange after the mission is completed, continuous operations throughout the mission, and certain pre-determined crew positions. Based on an analysis of analogous systems and review of state-of-the-art research, recommendations for optimal and alternative work/rest cycles were made and the impact on crew size was identified. The authors concluded that a specifically sized crew can maintain acceptable levels of performance during airship missions of 30 to 60 days duration if an appropriate work/rest schedule is followed and minimum habitability requirements are met. Accordingly, recommendations for habitability requirements were made for the following areas: volume, temperature and humidity, lighting, noise and vibration, decor, privacy, personal hygiene and waste management, food, medical support, and leisure and recreation.

The Physical Geography of Western Europe

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Human Society ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

A distinguished team of Western European scholars has written an advanced, full-length physical geography designed to be a state-of-the-art evaluation of the physical environment of Western Europe, being both retrospective and prospective in its perception of environmental change. The unique natural and regional environments of Western Europe are discussed, as well as the physical geographic framework of the region. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact and responses of human society on the physical environment of the region which is characterized by a very high population density. As an enhanced reference work it will be of enduring value.

scholarly journals Colour image segmentation using perceptual colour difference saliency algorithm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taiwo Tunmike Bukola
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Segmentation Algorithm ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Colour Difference ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Colour Image Segmentation ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Imaging Conditions ◽  
Image Segmentation Algorithm

The topic of colour image segmentation has been and still is a hot issue in areas such as computer vision and image processing because of its wide range of practical applications. The urge has led to the development of numerous colour image segmentation algorithms to extract salient objects from colour images. However, because of the diverse imaging conditions in varying application domains, accuracy and robustness of several state-of-the-art colour image segmentation algorithms still leave room for further improvement. This dissertation reports on the development of a new image segmentation algorithm based on perceptual colour difference saliency along with binary morphological operations. The algorithm consists of four essential processing stages which are colour image transformation, luminance image enhancement, salient pixel computation and image artefact filtering. The input RGB colour image is first transformed into the CIE L*a*b colour image to achieve perceptual saliency and obtain the best possible calibration of the transformation model. The luminance channel of the transformed colour image is then enhanced using an adaptive gamma correction function to alleviate the adverse effects of illumination variation, low contrast and improve the image quality significantly. The salient objects in the input colour image are then determined by calculating saliency at each pixel in order to preserve spatial information. The computed saliency map is then filtered using the morphological operations to eliminate undesired factors that are likely present in the colour image. A series of experiments was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new perceptual colour difference saliency algorithm for colour image segmentation. This was accomplished by testing the algorithm on a large set of a hundred and ninety images acquired from four distinct publicly available benchmarks corporal. The accuracy of the developed colour image segmentation algorithm was quantified using four widely used statistical evaluation metrics in terms of precision, F-measure, error and Dice. Promising results were obtained despite the fact that the experimental images were selected from four different corporal and in varying imaging conditions. The results have indeed demonstrated that the performance of the newly developed colour image segmentation algorithm is consistent with an improved performance compared to a number of other saliency and non- saliency state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithms.

State-of-the-Art: A Systematic Literature Review on Image Segmentation in Latent Fingerprint Forensics

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Chhabra ◽  
Manoj Kumar Shukla ◽  
Kiran Kumar Ravulakollu
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Latent Fingerprint ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Finger Skin

: Latent fingerprints are unintentional finger skin impressions left as ridge patterns at crime scenes. A major challenge in latent fingerprint forensics is the poor quality of the lifted image from the crime scene. Forensics investigators are in permanent search of novel outbreaks of the effective technologies to capture and process low quality image. The accuracy of the results depends upon the quality of the image captured in the beginning, metrics used to assess the quality and thereafter level of enhancement required. The low quality of the image collected by low quality scanners, unstructured background noise, poor ridge quality, overlapping structured noise result in detection of false minutiae and hence reduce the recognition rate. Traditionally, Image segmentation and enhancement is partially done manually using help of highly skilled experts. Using automated systems for this work, differently challenging quality of images can be investigated faster. This survey amplifies the comparative study of various segmentation techniques available for latent fingerprint forensics.

scholarly journals Do Prospective Teachers Care About PISA Studies? A Pilot Study among University Students in Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ioannidou ◽  
Despoina Georgiou ◽  
Andreas Obersteiner ◽  
Nilufer Deniz Bas ◽  
Christine Mieslinger
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
International Student ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Expected Outcomes

The results of international comparison studies such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) have initiated intense discussions about educational reforms in Germany. Although in-service and pre-service teachers are an essential part of such reforms, little is known about their attitudes towards PISA studies. The present study aims to fill this gap through the investigation of pre-service teachers’ awareness, interest, perception, and attitudes towards PISA. A questionnaire was used to survey a sample of 107 university students who were participating in a teacher education program. The results reveal that 100% of the participants are aware of PISA. Nearly 69% of the participants think that the impact of PISA is rather high or very high, while 41% of them believe that PISA results are reliable. Accordingly, half of the participants seem to be interested in PISA results for their country. The present study discusses these findings in the light of the expected outcomes as proposed in standards for teacher education.

scholarly journals Comparison of Industrial Quenching Oils

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Jiří Hájek ◽  
Zaneta Dlouha ◽  
Vojtěch Průcha
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Product Size ◽  
Cct Curve ◽  
Hardening Power ◽  
The Impact

This article is a response to the state of the art in monitoring the cooling capacity of quenching oils in industrial practice. Very often, a hardening shop requires a report with data on the cooling process for a particular quenching oil. However, the interpretation of the data can be rather difficult. The main goal of our work was to compare various criteria used for evaluating quenching oils. Those of which prove essential for operation in tempering plants would then be introduced into practice. Furthermore, the article describes monitoring the changes in the properties of a quenching oil used in a hardening shop, the effects of quenching oil temperature on its cooling capacity and the impact of the water content on certain cooling parameters of selected oils. Cooling curves were measured (including cooling rates and the time to reach relevant temperatures) according to ISO 9950. The hardening power of the oil and the area below the cooling rate curve as a function of temperature (amount of heat removed in the nose region of the Continuous cooling transformation - CCT curve) were calculated. V-values based on the work of Tamura, reflecting the steel type and its CCT curve, were calculated as well. All the data were compared against the hardness and microstructure on a section through a cylinder made of EN C35 steel cooled in the particular oil. Based on the results, criteria are recommended for assessing the suitability of a quenching oil for a specific steel grade and product size. The quenching oils used in the experiment were Houghto Quench C120, Paramo TK 22, Paramo TK 46, CS Noro MO 46 and Durixol W72.

scholarly journals Glucuronides Hydrolysis by Intestinal Microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) Is Affected by Sampling, Enzyme Preparation, Buffer pH, and Species

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Christabel Ebuzoeme ◽  
Imoh Etim ◽  
Autumn Ikimi ◽  
Jamie Song ◽  
Ting Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Time Buffer ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
The Impact

Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds. Feces collection time, buffer conditions, interindividual, and species variations were evaluated by incubating the substrates with enzymes. The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. Fresh feces showed the highest hydrolysis activities. Sonication increased total protein yield during enzyme preparation. The pH of the reaction system increased the activity in 0.69–1.32-fold, 2.9–12.9-fold, and 0.28–1.56-fold for mouse, rat, and human at three different concentrations of wogonoside, respectively. The Vmax for wogonoside hydrolysis was 2.37 ± 0.06, 4.48 ± 0.11, and 5.17 ± 0.16 μmol/min/mg and Km was 6.51 ± 0.71, 3.04 ± 0.34, and 0.34 ± 0.047 μM for mouse, rat, and human, respectively. The inter-individual difference was significant (4–6-fold) using inbred rats as the model animal. Fresh feces should be used to avoid activity loss and sonication should be utilized in enzyme preparation to increase hydrolysis activity. The buffer pH should be appropriate according to the species. Inter-individual and species variations were significant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document