tableone: An open source Python package for producing summary statistics for research papers

Abstract Objectives In quantitative research, understanding basic parameters of the study population is key for interpretation of the results. As a result, it is typical for the first table (“Table 1”) of a research paper to include summary statistics for the study data. Our objectives are 2-fold. First, we seek to provide a simple, reproducible method for providing summary statistics for research papers in the Python programming language. Second, we seek to use the package to improve the quality of summary statistics reported in research papers. Materials and Methods The tableone package is developed following good practice guidelines for scientific computing and all code is made available under a permissive MIT License. A testing framework runs on a continuous integration server, helping to maintain code stability. Issues are tracked openly and public contributions are encouraged. Results The tableone software package automatically compiles summary statistics into publishable formats such as CSV, HTML, and LaTeX. An executable Jupyter Notebook demonstrates application of the package to a subset of data from the MIMIC-III database. Tests such as Tukey’s rule for outlier detection and Hartigan’s Dip Test for modality are computed to highlight potential issues in summarizing the data. Discussion and Conclusion We present open source software for researchers to facilitate carrying out reproducible studies in Python, an increasingly popular language in scientific research. The toolkit is intended to mature over time with community feedback and input. Development of a common tool for summarizing data may help to promote good practice when used as a supplement to existing guidelines and recommendations. We encourage use of tableone alongside other methods of descriptive statistics and, in particular, visualization to ensure appropriate data handling. We also suggest seeking guidance from a statistician when using tableone for a research study, especially prior to submitting the study for publication.

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Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Various Eye Diseases in Sulaimani: A Descriptive Study

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2018.2.1 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Abdulrahman M. Ibrahem ◽

Salah Q. Mahmood ◽

Muhammed Babakir-Mina ◽

Salar Ibrahim Ali ◽

Bakhtyar Kamal Talabany

Keyword(s):

Vision Loss ◽

Good Practice ◽

Study Data ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Vision Impairment ◽

P Value ◽

Published Data ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Knowledge and practice of public, especially patients about eye diseases are important to reduce magnitude of human blindness. Vision and sight are very essential because they allow us to connect to each other’s. In accordance to the recently published data; the estimation of 253 million people lives with vision impairment, 36 million are blind and 217 million suffer from moderate to severe vision impairment. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Dr. Aso Hospital in Sulaimani city-Iraq, from April to August 2017 by face-to-face interview through close ended questionnaire for data collecting. All data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 software. P-value of < 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant. A total of 430 patients were randomly chosen to participate in the study. They were 254 (59.1%) males and 176 (40.9%) females. 76.7% of respondents was worrying about vision loss, 0.7% was worrying about hair loss. Of the participants, 32.8% was with a good knowledge level and 40.5% was with a poor knowledge level, as well as 3.1% was in a good practice and 58.8% was in a poor practice level. Female knowledge mean score was 9.53±4.96 and male knowledge mean score was 8.42±5.45, the practice mean score of males was 4.33±1.96 and mean practice score of females was 4.13±1.93. The study data indicate the worrying of participates about vision loss is in the highest proportion and the awareness and practice of patients about eye diseases is unsatisfactory. Health education campaigns are needed to improve personal awareness about vision related problems and for better eye health.

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TATUS KESEHATAN MENTAL PASIEN GOUT ARHTRITIS DI KOTA TOMOHON

Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keperawatan, Analis Kesehatan dan Farmasi ◽

10.36465/jkbth.v19i2.501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Desi Desi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Physical Health ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Study Data ◽

Mental Health Status ◽

Physical Health Problems ◽

Descriptive Approach

Gout Arthritis is a disease known as gout, but in certain conditions this disease can cause physical symptoms that are not visible to some people. When there are problems with physical health, other health aspects will also have an impact. The same is true for patients diagnosed with Gout Arthritis, not only physical aspects but can affect other aspects, especially when having physical symptoms such as tofi. Mental health is a condition where there is a balance between emotional, behavioral and cognitive. This is the basis of the importance of maintaining mental health for someone who does not have physical health problems and for someone who has a disease such as Gout Arthritis patients. The purpose of this study was to find out how mental health status in Gout Arthritis patients in Tomohon City. Quantitative research using a descriptive approach was used in this study. Data collection used survey methods with questionnaires. The results showed that the majority of respondents had adequate mental health (80.6%). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that mental health status in Gout Arthritis patients in Tomohon City was at a sufficient level. These influenced by himself and the environment around them.

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Why Do Developers Reject Refactorings in Open-Source Projects?

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology ◽

10.1145/3487062 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Jevgenija Pantiuchina ◽

Bin Lin ◽

Fiorella Zampetti ◽

Massimiliano Di Penta ◽

Michele Lanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Software Quality ◽

Good Practice ◽

Source Code ◽

Code Review ◽

Code Quality ◽

Shed Light

Refactoring operations are behavior-preserving changes aimed at improving source code quality. While refactoring is largely considered a good practice, refactoring proposals in pull requests are often rejected after the code review. Understanding the reasons behind the rejection of refactoring contributions can shed light on how such contributions can be improved, essentially benefiting software quality. This article reports a study in which we manually coded rejection reasons inferred from 330 refactoring-related pull requests from 207 open-source Java projects. We surveyed 267 developers to assess their perceived prevalence of these identified rejection reasons, further complementing the reasons. Our study resulted in a comprehensive taxonomy consisting of 26 refactoring-related rejection reasons and 21 process-related rejection reasons. The taxonomy, accompanied with representative examples and highlighted implications, provides developers with valuable insights on how to ponder and polish their refactoring contributions, and indicates a number of directions researchers can pursue toward better refactoring recommenders.

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An Open Source Finance System for Stocks Backtesting Trade Strategies

International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes ◽

10.4018/ijossp.2021040104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 52-65

Author(s):

Eviatar Rosenberg ◽

Dima Alberg

Keyword(s):

User Interface ◽

Open Source ◽

Programming Language ◽

Capital Market ◽

Historical Data ◽

Trading Strategies ◽

Market Volatility ◽

Finance System ◽

Python Programming Language ◽

Python Programming

A significant part of pension savings is in the capital market and exposed to market volatility. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis, like the previous crises, damaged the gains achieved in those funds. This paper presents a development of open-source finance system for stocks backtesting trade strategies. The development will be operated by the Python programming language and will implement application user interface. The system will import historical data of stocks from financial web and will produce charts for analysis of the trends in stocks price. Based on technical analysis, it will run trading strategies which will be defined by the user. The system will output the trade orders that should have been executed in retrospect and concluding charts to present the profit and loss that would occur to evaluate the performance of the strategy.

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The Correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Listening Skills of Pre-Service Teachers

International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.9n.4p.141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Hatice Altunkaya

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Study Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Listening Skills ◽

Listening Skill ◽

Skill Scores ◽

Total Scale Score ◽

Intelligence Scores

In the present study, emotional intelligence and academic listening skill levels of pre-service teachers and the correlations between these variables were determined. Furthermore, the emotional intelligence levels and academic listening competencies of pre-service teachers were also investigated based on the variables of gender, department, and the preference of the department of study. The study group included 361 freshmen pre-service teachers attending the Faculty of Education and the study was conducted with survey method, a quantitative research method. The study data were collected with the “Academic Listening Skill Competency Scale” and “Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale”. In the study, the regression analysis was conducted to determine the causality between emotional intelligence scores and academic listening skill scores revealed significant findings. The study findings demonstrated that “Total Emotional Intelligence” scores of the students reflected above average emotional intelligence levels. It was determined that the academic listening skill competency scores of the pre-service teachers were above average in both scale sub-dimensions and the total scale score. The results of regression analysis showed that the causality between Total Emotional Intelligence and Total Academic Listening Skills was significant.

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Arabic Video Lyric Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Kosakata Bahasa Arab Siswa

Ta'lim al-'Arabiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab & Kebahasaaraban ◽

10.15575/jpba.v5i1.11351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

Kudsiyah Kudsiyah ◽

Lailatul Mauludiyah ◽

Murdiono Murdiono

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Study Data ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Online Game ◽

Test Question ◽

Fifth Grade Students ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Post Test ◽

Related Sample

Video song media was a medium that presents material in the form of text and images as well as monologue sound about the material so that students can watch and listen to videos in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the video song media in increasing understanding of Arabic vocabulary. This research was a quantitative research. This research was conducted at SD Muahmmadiyah 8 KH Mas Mansur Malang. The subjects taken from this study were the VA class, which amounted to 25 students from a population of 79 students using purposive sampling technique. In this study, data collection techniques were carried out in the form of interviews, questionnaires, tests and documentation. The instrument used in the interview is the interview sheet, while the questionnaire instrument sheet is a questionnaire sheet consisting of several questions related to the video song media, the instrument sheet used in the test is a test question in the form of an interactive online game, the tests used are pretest and posttest. To find out the results of the data in this study the researcher used the T test for the related sample, while to determine the effectiveness of the video media, the researcher used the N-gain formula. The collected research data is presented with descriptive statistics in the calculation of processing using SPSS 20. As for the results and testing of the hypothesis, "the video song media was effective for improving understanding of Arabic vocabulary. This is evidenced by the results obtained from the pre-test value which is smaller than the post-test value or 85.08 <93.20. Based on the output table "Paired Samples Test" it is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 <0.05, meaning that the video song media can improve the understanding of Arabic vocabulary for the fifth grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 KH Mas Mansur Malang

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A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice on Personal Protective Equipment among Student Nurses in a Selected College of Nursing, New Delhi

International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research ◽

10.24321/2455.9318.202028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 (04) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Uzma Anjum ◽

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Good Practice ◽

Student Nurses ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Research Approach ◽

New Delhi ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

College Of Nursing

Personal Protective equipment is also called PPE. It is commonly worn by health care workers to prevent the transmission of infection. PPE includes helmets or caps, face shields, face masks, goggles, gowns, respirators, shoe covers or boots and gloves. These protective coverings will be effective when it is being used in an appropriate manner. The main objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge and practice on Personal Protective Equipment among student nurses. A Quantitative Research approach along with Descriptive Research design was used. A total of 110 student nurses were selected through Convenient Sampling Technique from DGNM 3rd Year, B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing 2nd Year and B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing 4th Year of Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi in the month of July-August 2020. Structured Questionnaire was used via an online platform (Google forms) due to Covid 19 lockdown to assess the knowledge and practice on PPE. Out of 110 samples, 66 (60%) had good knowledge, followed by 44 (40%) having average knowledge and none were having poor knowledge on PPE, whereas 67 (60.9%) had an average practice, followed by 41 (37.3%) having good practice and only 2 (1.8%) had poor practice on PPE. Findings suggest that there is a need for practice-based knowledge assessment in clinical areas and thus improvement in the practice of PPE while working in hospitals.

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The effect of psychological and contextual factors on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in South Africa

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv13i1c11p2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1297-1303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Obey Dzomonda ◽

Olawale Fatoki ◽

Olabanji Oni

Keyword(s):

Gender Difference ◽

University Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Business Students ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Study Data ◽

High Level

This study focused on investigating the factors that affect the entrepreneurial intention of final year undergraduate students at a South African university. It aimed to achieve the following objectives, (1) to assess the entrepreneurial intention of final year university students, (2) to investigate the effect of psychological and contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention of final year university students and (3) to examine if there is a gender difference in the effect of psychological and contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention of final year university students. The study examined the effect of psychological and contextual factors on the entrepreneurial intention of final year undergraduate students. The study used the quantitative research method with a descriptive research design. 140 students participated in the survey and data was collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire in a survey. The participants in the study were final year undergraduate business management students. The convenience sampling technique was used in the study. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and the T-test. The results indicated that business students have a high level of entrepreneurial intention. Both psychological and contextual factors positively impact on entrepreneurial intention. There is no significant gender difference. Recommendations to improve the entrepreneurial intention of students are suggested.

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Study on dyeing behavior of banana fiber with reactive dyes

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/1558925019884478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 155892501988447

Author(s):

Subashini Balakrishnan ◽

GL Dharmasri Wickramasinghe ◽

UG Samudrika Wijayapala

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Reactive Dye ◽

Study Data ◽

Color Measurement ◽

Cotton Fibers ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Banana Fiber ◽

Reactive Dyeing ◽

Dyeing Process ◽

Banana Fibers

The objective of this research paper is to establish a suitable reactive dyeing process for banana fiber and comparison between dyeing behaviors of banana fibers with cotton fibers. Ambon (Cavendish type) banana variety was selected for this research study. Data accumulation is done by quantitative research methodology and experimental research strategies for this investigation; 5% enzyme and 6% H2O2-, 2% Na2SiO3-, and 3% NaOH-treated banana fibers were dyed with reactive dye. Banana fibers were dyed with three standard colors (red, blue, and yellow) each with four different concentrations (0.25, 1%, 4%, and 6%) of reactive dye. Testing was conducted to assess the color properties between pretreated banana fiber, dyed banana fiber, and cotton fiber. Color measurement was performed by using a Datacolour 600 spectrophotometers. The ΔE* values were used to determine the degree of color deterioration. Results showed that pretreated fibers become brighter (whiteness) than the raw banana fibers. Reflectance curves of dyed banana fibers were found similar to cotton in all the experiments and confirming the dye absorption tendency is more similar to cotton. Further results indicate that the dyeing behavior of banana is similar to cotton. Therefore, cotton dyeing process can be applied for the banana fibers. Dyeing of banana fiber was carried out with a reactive type of dye, which provided better washing fastness properties than cotton fibers.

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A manuscript regarding suicidal death of physicians resulting from psychological stress in their inner world (No. 355)

Journal of Nursing & Healthcare ◽

10.33140/jnh.05.04.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Private Life ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

School Life ◽

Research Papers ◽

Medicine Research ◽

New Findings ◽

Inner World ◽

Financial Power

The author is a 73-year-old medical research scientist who recently read an article regarding physician health and death (Reference 1). Inspired by the story and his own past experiences, he decided to write a special manuscript to be shared with medical doctors. This article has a different writing style compared to his previous 354 math-physical medicine research papers, based on a quantitative method to derive analysis results with high precision, aimed at helping patients. The goal of helping patients must go through the delivery channel of physicians and surgeons, while being concerned about the psychological health of medical doctors. This is the reason why he wrote this article with a qualitative style with an aim at medical physicians. Being a physician is an enviable profession, where they greatly invested and sacrificed to reach to where they are today. In terms of financial rewards, that is money, even though they are not generously rewarded, at least they are handsomely compensated. With their added knowledge advancement, skill improvement, and society contribution, they may even earn their deserved fame. Their ultimate goal should come from saving people’s life, not the same as people with political power or financial power. In the author’s opinion, saving lives is the outmost power to achieve; therefore, it is a desirable profession indeed. By having pride and feeling prestige at commencement by getting their MD degree, the physicians should not allow their accomplishments between the ages from 20 to 30 years of age become the only internal strength and emotional support. They should continuously improve themselves to expand into different areas in exploring new findings, learning additional skills and knowledge. This life-long learning will make a broader and more capable person, even for a physician. These newly gained inner strengths will aid physicians to face new challenges in their post-graduate school life. However, there is a price to pay from having a decent, enviable, and well-compensated profession. In terms of reducing and controlling stress, burdens, and psychological pressure that comes along with their job, life, and relationships, the author believes that they must go deeper into their own inner world, i.e. their mind and heart, to search for strength. When different types of stress overwhelms them, they must return to their original motivation when they decided to become a physician which is helping their patients. Only this type of compassion in their heart, similar to having faith in a religion, can then help them survive many types of tests and challenges they encountered in their profession and private life. For those medical doctors who chose medicine for other reasons, with material or superficial motivations, they should search their heart again to see whether another career is better for them. For example, if their initial motivation was monetary, they better shift their career early enough to be an entrepreneur who takes big risks for larger financial returns. When physicians face various stressful situations, they should not fight this battle alone. There are plenty of people who would support them as long as they speak up and seek assistance, such as from a mental health professional, like the author did. The author is an educated individual, knowledgeable scientist, and experienced engineer, but more importantly, he had many rich life experiences that were long, colorful, striving, and challenging. Through his brief self-introduction, the reader can see many similarities and also identify some connections. He cares about his medical colleagues as much as he cares about patients with chronic diseases. This is his motivation of writing this manuscript aiming at physicians, even though he knows that it is a unique article with a qualitative style instead of his previously published quantitative research papers. If anyone has interest on this subject and would like to provide feedback, please contact the author at g.hsu@ eclairemd.com. You will remain anonymous and any information provided will be confidential.

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