How Coffee Capsules Affect the Volatilome in Espresso Coffee

Coffee capsules have become one of the most used methods to have a coffee in the last few years. In this work, coffee was prepared using a professional espresso coffee machine. We investigated the volatilome of four different polypropylene coffee capsule typologies (Biologico, Dolce, Deciso, Guatemala) with and without capsules in order to reveal the possible differences in the VOCs spectra. The volatilome of each one was singularly studied through an analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS), checking the abundance of different VOCs in coffee extracted with and without a capsule protection and compared to its related sample. Furthermore, ANOVA and Tukey tests were applied to statistically identify and individuate the possible differences. As a result, it was found that coffee capsules, offer advantages of protecting coffee from oxidation or rancidity and, consequently extended shelf life as well as did not cause a reduction of volatile compounds intensity. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the aroma of polypropylene coffee capsule extraction is not damaged compared to a traditional espresso.

Arabic Video Lyric Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Kosakata Bahasa Arab Siswa

Video song media was a medium that presents material in the form of text and images as well as monologue sound about the material so that students can watch and listen to videos in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the video song media in increasing understanding of Arabic vocabulary. This research was a quantitative research. This research was conducted at SD Muahmmadiyah 8 KH Mas Mansur Malang. The subjects taken from this study were the VA class, which amounted to 25 students from a population of 79 students using purposive sampling technique. In this study, data collection techniques were carried out in the form of interviews, questionnaires, tests and documentation. The instrument used in the interview is the interview sheet, while the questionnaire instrument sheet is a questionnaire sheet consisting of several questions related to the video song media, the instrument sheet used in the test is a test question in the form of an interactive online game, the tests used are pretest and posttest. To find out the results of the data in this study the researcher used the T test for the related sample, while to determine the effectiveness of the video media, the researcher used the N-gain formula. The collected research data is presented with descriptive statistics in the calculation of processing using SPSS 20. As for the results and testing of the hypothesis, "the video song media was effective for improving understanding of Arabic vocabulary. This is evidenced by the results obtained from the pre-test value which is smaller than the post-test value or 85.08 <93.20. Based on the output table "Paired Samples Test" it is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 <0.05, meaning that the video song media can improve the understanding of Arabic vocabulary for the fifth grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 KH Mas Mansur Malang

PELATIHAN OUTBOUND UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFICACY PADA SISWA SMK

ABSTRACT: OUTBOND TRAINING TO INCREASE SELF EFFICACY IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENT This study aims to see the effect of outbound training in increasing self-efficacy of vocational students. Data collection using a self-efficacy scale, interviews and observations. The research design used was The one Group Pretest-postest Design. The analysis used two related sample tests with the Wilcoxon test and qualitative analysis to describe the effect of outbound training to increase self-efficacy in vocational students. The results showed that there was an effect of outbound training on the self-efficacy of vocational students. The influence is positive, which means that when vocational students receive outbound training, the self-efficacy of vocational students will get positive changes related to self-efficacy. Keywords: Outbond Training, Self efficacy, Vocational Students Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pelatihan outbound dalam meningkatkan self efficacy siswa SMK. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala self efficacy, wawancara dan observasi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah The one Group Pretest-postest Design. Analisis menggunakan two related sample test dengan uji Wilcoxon dan analisis kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pelatihan outbound untuk meningkatkan self efficacy pada siswa SMK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pelatihan outbound terhadap self efficacy siswa SMK. Adapun bentuk pengaruhnya adalah positif, yang artinya ketika siswa SMK mendapatkan pelatihan outbound maka self efficacy siswa SMK akan mendapatkan perubahan yang positif terkait self efficacynya. Kata kunci: Pelatihan Oubound, Self Efficacy, Siswa SMK

Which sample type is better for Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose adult and pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis?

Objective: This review aimed to identify proper respiratory-related sample types for adult and pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), respectively, by comparing performance of Xpert MTB/RIF when using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), induced sputum (IS), expectorated sputum (ES), nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), and gastric aspiration (GA) as sample. Methods: Articles were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, and Ovid from inception up to 29 June 2020. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated, each with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Quality assessment and heterogeneity evaluation across included studies were performed. Results: A total of 50 articles were included. The respective sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% CI: 0.84–0.89), 91% (95% CI: 0.90–0.92) and 95% (95% CI: 0.93–0.97) in the adult BAL group; 90% (95% CI: 0.88–0.91), 98% (95% CI: 0.97–0.98) and 97% (95% CI: 0.95–0.99) in the adult ES group; 86% (95% CI: 0.84–0.89) and 97% (95% CI: 0.96–0.98) in the adult IS group. Xpert MTB/RIF showed the sensitivity and specificity of 14% (95% CI: 0.10–0.19) and 99% (95% CI: 0.97–1.00) in the pediatric ES group; 80% (95% CI: 0.72–0.87) and 94% (95% CI: 0.92–0.95) in the pediatric GA group; 67% (95% CI: 0.62–0.72) and 99% (95% CI: 0.98–0.99) in the pediatric IS group; and 54% (95% CI: 0.43–0.64) and 99% (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) in the pediatric NPA group. The heterogeneity across included studies was deemed acceptable. Conclusion: Considering diagnostic accuracy, cost and sampling process, ES was a better choice than other sample types for diagnosing adult PTB, especially HIV-associated PTB. GA might be more suitable than other sample types for diagnosing pediatric PTB. The actual choice of sample types should also consider the needs of specific situations.

PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TENTANG HIV & AIDS DI KOTA PAREPARE

Pertambahan jumlah kasus baru HIV & AIDS masih menjadi hal yang mengkhawatirkan terutama dikalangan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi melalui media sosial oleh peer educator terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja tentang HIV & AIDS. Penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan randomized pretest posttest control group. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang yang berasal dari siswa-siswi SMAN 4 Parepare sebagai kelompok intervensi dan SMAN 2 Parepare sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara simple random sampling. Analisis skor pengetahuan dan sikap responden antara pretest dan postest menggunakan uji non parametrik two related sample( wilcoxon) dan uji t sampel berpasangan. Untuk membandingkan pengetahuan dan sikap responden kelompok intervensi dan kontrol menggunakan uji non parametrik two independent sample (Mann- Whitney) dan uji t sampel tidak berpasangan. Batas kemaknaan (nilai alpha) ditetapkan 5% (0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh intervensi melalui media sosial oleh peer educator dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan p = 0,000 (p<0,05) dan sikap positif p = 0,000 (p<0,05) responden mengenai HIV & AIDS. Ada perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap responden mengenai HIV & AIDS setelah diintervensi melalui media sosial dibandingkan yang tidak diintervensi p = 0,000 (p<0,05 ). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah intervensi melalui media sosial oleh peer educator berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja tentang HIV & AIDS. Kelompok yang diintervensi oleh Peer Educator melalui media sosial memiliki skor pengetahuan dan sikap lebih baik daripada kelompok yang tidak diintervensi.

Perbedaan Hasil Pencelupan Bahan Sutera Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok dengan Mordan Tawas dan Kapur Sirih.

This research is motivated as an effort to reduce the problem of environmental pollution by re-using natural dyes. The natural dyes used are the utilization of waste which is kepok banana peel. The purpose of this study is to describe the name of the color (hue), dark light (value), and evenness of color as well as differences in mordan alum and whiting to the results of dyeing silk material using kapok banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L). This type of research is experimental research. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire (questionnaire) from 18 panelists. The data analysis technique was carried out using the Friedman K-related sample test technique and using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 16.0 application. Dipping silk material with Kepok Banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L) without mordan yielding a Wheat Light Brown color with Code # F6E7B0 and value category very bright and evenness of color in the very flat category. In dyeing with mordan alum produces Light Brown color with code # E7BE75 with light category and flatness value in the flat category, while in dyeing with mordan whiting the color name is Golden Sundanese with code # D7A04F with the value of the category light enough and flat for the category flatness. Friedman K-related sample test results obtained for light dark color (value) is 0.001 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, meaning that there are significant color differences. Whereas the color density of the data obtained was 0.154> 0.05, H0 was accepted, meaning that there was no significant difference in color evenness in the dyeing of silk material using Kepok banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L) with mordan alum and whiting. Keywords: mordan alum and betel lime, kepok banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca L), silk material

Identity-by-descent relatedness estimates with uncertainty characterise departure from isolation-by-distance between Plasmodium falciparum populations on the Colombian-Pacific coast

Characterising connectivity between geographically separated biological populations is a common goal in many fields. Recent approaches to understanding connectivity between malaria parasite populations, with implications for disease control efforts, have used estimates of relatedness based on identity-by-descent (IBD). However, uncertainty around estimated relatedness has not been accounted for to date. IBD-based relatedness estimates with uncertainty were computed for pairs of monoclonal Plasmodium falciparum samples collected from five cities on the Colombian-Pacific coast where long-term clonal propagation of P. falciparum is frequent. The cities include two official ports, Buenaventura and Tumaco, that are separated geographically but connected by frequent marine traffic. The fraction of highly-related sample pairs (whose classification accounts for uncertainty) was greater within cities versus between. However, based on both the fraction of highly-related sample pairs and on a threshold-free approach (Wasserstein distances between parasite populations) connectivity between Buenaventura and Tumaco was disproportionally high. Buenaventura-Tumaco connectivity was consistent with three separate transmission events involving parasites from five different clonal components (groups of statistically indistinguishable parasites identified under a graph theoretic framework). To conclude, P. falciparum population connectivity on the Colombian-Pacific coast abides by accessibility not isolation-by-distance, potentially implicating marine traffic in malaria transmission with opportunities for targeted intervention. Further investigations are required to test this and alternative hypotheses. For the first time in malaria epidemiology, we account for uncertainty around estimated relatedness (an important consideration for future studies that plan to use genotype versus whole genome sequence data to estimate IBD-based relatedness); we also use a threshold-free approach to compare parasite populations, and identify clonal components in a statistically principled manner. The approaches we employ could be adapted to other recombining organisms with mixed mating systems, thus have broad relevance.

Reaksi Pasar Saham Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen Sebelum dan Sesudah Ex- Dividend Date

This study aimed to analyzed market reaction caused the announcement of rising dividend or dividend down before and after Ex-dividend date in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).This research used event study method by using abnormal return on share as research variable and used price data of shares as research unit analysis. As the result, 26 companies as the sample of 45 companies which registered in index LQ45 in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2016-2018 by purposing sampling technique. Measurement of variable using the calculation of the average abnormal return of shares by testing the hypothesis using different test paired sample t-test and Wilxocon related sample test with the help of SPSS version 22.The research result showed there was no difference in abnormal return on share before and after Ex-dividend date in the companies which announced rising dividend and dividend down in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2016-2018. The results of the different paired sample t-test obtained a significance value of 0,486 which was greater than 0,05 and in the Wilxocon test the related sample test obtained z score of 1,478 which was greater than z table which was 1.458. For the next research, it is recommended to test the different indexes and regard to the confounding effect which can lead to bias.Key words: Dividend, Abnormal Return, Ex- Dividend date, Event StudyAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis reaksi pasar saham yang ditimbulkan oleh pengumuman dividen naik atau pengumuman dividen turun sebelum dan sesudah ex- dividend date di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan event study dimana menggunakan abnormal return saham sebagai variabel pengujian yang menggunakan data harga saham harian sebagai unit analisi penelitiian. Hasil pengumpulan data diperoleh 26 perusahaan sebagai sampel dari populasi sebanyak 45 perusahaan yang terdaftar di indeks LQ45 di Bursa efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018 dengan teknik sampling secara purposive sampling. Pengukuran variabel menggunakan penghitungan rata- rata abnormal return saham dengan pengujujian hipotesis menggunakan uji beda paired sample t-test dan uji Wilxocon releted sample test dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS versi 22. Hasil peneltian menyimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan abnormal return saham sebelum dan sesudah Ex-dividend date pada perusahaan yang mengumumkan dividen naik atau dividien turun di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2016-2018 Hasil uji beda paired sample t-test diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,486 yang atinya lebih besar dari 0,05 dan pada uji Wilxocon releted sample test diperoleh z-hitung sebesar 1,478 dimana lebih besar dari z tabel yaitu 1,458. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya disarankan melakukan pengujian pada indeks berbeda dan memperhatikan confounding effect yang dapat memunculkan bias. Kata Kunci : Dividend, Abnormal Return, Ex- Dividend date, Event Study

Pengaruh Perbedaan Mordan Terhadap Hasil Pencelupan Pada Bahan Katun Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kopi (Coffea)

Abstrak Perkembangan warna tekstil dengan zat kimia banyak membawa dampak negatif terutama bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan kulit. Oleh sebab itu orang kembali menggunakan zat warna alam, maka dalam penelitian ini meneliti kulit buah kopi untuk zat warna alam. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang bersumber dari 15 orang panelis, kemudian data yang terkumpul diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan Uji Friedman K-Related Sample dan persen dengan SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) Versi 21.0. penulis melakukan eksperimen kulit buah kopi menjadi ekstrak warna dengan perbndingan 1:10 menggunakan mordan asam cuka, soda kue dan kapur sirih. Pencelupan bahan katun dengan ekstrak kulit buah kopi (Coffea) menggunakan mordan asam cuka Off-White dengan kode warna #1DBCA dan kerataan warna yang rata, pencelupan ekstrak kulit buah kopi (Coffea) menggunakan mordan soda kue menghasilkan warna Wheat Lihgt Brown dengan kode warna #FDB4D4 dan kerataan warna yang cukup rata, pencelupan ekstrak kulit buah kopi (Coffea) menggunakan mordan kapur sirih menghasilkan warna Sepia Brown dengan kode warna #974706 dan dengan kerataan warna yang rata. pada kerataan warna menunjukkan hasil 0,528 > 0,5 yang artinya HO diterima. artinya tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan akibat perbedaan mordan terhadap kerataan warna dalam pencelupan bahan katun. Kata Kunci: pengaruh, perbedaan mordan, pencelupan, bahan katun, ekstrak kulit buah kopi Abstract The development of textile colors with chemicals has many negative impacts, especially on the environment and skin health. Therefore people re-use natural dyes. So in this study, the authors examined the skin of coffee fruit for natural dyes. This type of research is experimental research. The data used are primary data sourced from 15 panelists, then the collected data is processed and analyzed using the Friedman K-Related Sample Test and percent with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) Version 21.0. The author conducted a coffee fruit skin experiment into a color extract with a ratio of 1:10 using mordan vinegar, baking soda, and whiting . Immersion of cotton with coffee fruit skin extract (Coffea) using mordan acid vinegar Off-White with color code # 1DBCA and flat color uniformity, dyeing coffee fruit skin extract (Coffea) using mordan soda cake to produce Wheat Light Brown color with color code # FDB4D4 and fairly flat color evenness, immersion extract of coffee fruit skin (Coffea) using mordan whiting produces Sepia Brown color with color code # 974706 and with flat color evenness. on the flatness of color shows the results 0.528> 0.5, which means that HO is accepted. meaning that there is no significant effect due to differences in mordan on the evenness of color in dyeing cotton. Keywords: influence, differences in mordan, dyeing, cotton, coffee skin extract