scholarly journals Dietary vitamin A affects growth performance, intestinal development, and functions in weaned piglets by affecting intestinal stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaobin Wang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yuebang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Crypt Depth

Abstract Vitamin A (VA) is an important nutrient for weaning piglets. It plays a significant role in the normal formation, development, and maintenance of epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown that VA supplements could improve the host’s intestinal barrier function. Therefore, we hypothesized that VA supplements can affect intestinal function in weaned piglets by regulating intestinal stem cells. Thirty-two 21-d-old weaned [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] piglets with an average weight of 8.34 ± 0.13 kg were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with 1) 2 mg/kg (control), 2) 4 mg/kg, 3) 8 mg/kg, and 4) 16 mg/kg doses of VA, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. Weaned piglets were given ad libitum access to food and water during the test. The ADG (linear, P = 0.020) and G:F (linear, P = 0.005) of the piglets were found to increase significantly from days 8 to 14. The Lgr5+ gene expression (P = 0.012) in the jejunum mucosa of the 16 mg/kg VA group was increased. The jejunum villus height (P = 0.027) and villi surface area (P = 0.035) were significantly increased in the 4 mg/kg VA treatment group. The crypt depth increased significantly in the 4 and 8 mg/kg VA treatment groups (quadratic, P = 0.043), and the ratios of villus height to crypt depth significantly increased in the 16 mg/kg VA group (quadratic, P = 0.015). The maltase (P = 0.032), sucrose (P = 0.041), and alkaline phosphatase activity (linear, P = 0.024) were significantly increased when further supplemented with 4 mg/kg VA. Slc2a2 mRNA abundance was significantly increased in the 2 mg/kg VA group (linear, P = 0.024). Moreover, the budding rates, buddings number per organoid, and Chromogranin A and Muc2 expression of piglet intestinal organoids were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by VA and its metabolites (retinoic acid). Compared with the control group, the expression of Spp1 and Trop2 increased. These results indicated that VA may increase the stemness of intestinal stem cell in vitro. This study suggested that VA could affect growth performance and intestinal function by regulating intestinal stem cells in the jejunum of weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Dietary chitosan-Cu chelate affects growth performance and small intestinal morphology and apoptosis in weaned piglets.

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
X. Yue ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
M. Lv ◽  
X. Han
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effects of dietary chitosan-copper chelate (CS-Cu) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology and epithelial cell apoptosis in weaned piglets was investigated. One hundred and sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weanling barrows with an average body weight of 7.75 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub>, (3) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub> mixed with chitosan (CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS), (4) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CS-Cu. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the pigs receiving a diet containing CS-Cu had higher average daily gain and lower diarrhea incidence than the pigs receiving dietary CuSO<sub>4</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. Villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were higher and crypt depth was lower in CS-Cu treated pigs than in pigs fed dietary CuSO<sub>4 </sub>or CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. An apparent decrease of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis in pigs fed CS-Cu diet was found. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in pigs fed dietary CS-Cu than in those fed other diets. The results indicated that dietary CS-Cu showed better biological and physiological function in improving small intestinal morphology and reducing diarrhea incidence.

scholarly journals Dietary Montmorillonite Improves the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Optimizes the Intestinal Microbial Community of Weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liu ◽  
Congmin Wang ◽  
Xueling Gu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Cunxi Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the impact of dietary montmorillonite on the growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier, and microbial community in weaned piglets with control group (CON) and dietary supplementation of 0.2% montmorillonite (0.2% M). Compared with the CON group, 0.2% M feed in the diet increased the average daily gain (ADG) on days 15–35 and day 1–35 and the average daily feed intake on days 1–35 (ADFI) (0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.1). Besides, higher villus height of the duodenum and jejunum and lower crypt depth of duodenum and colon were revealed in the 0.2% M group than in the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the V/C (ratio of the villus height and crypt depth) in the 0.2% M group was increased compared to that in the CON group both from the duodenum and ileum (P &lt; 0.05). The relative mRNA expression of mucin-1, ITGB1 (β1-integrins), and PKC (protein kinase C) of ileum in the 0.2% M group were upregulated (P &lt; 0.05) compared to that in the CON group. The digesta sample of ileum from piglets in the 0.2% M group contained greater (P &lt; 0.05) intestinal bacterial diversity and abundances of probiotics, such as Streptococcus, Eubacterium_rectale_group, and Lactobacillus, which could promote the synthesis of carbon-containing biomolecules. Overall, dietary supplementation of 0.2% M was shown to have a tendency to improve the growth performance of weaned piglets and may enhance their intestinal mucosal barrier function via altering the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Dietary chitosan-Cu chelate affects growth performance and small intestinal morphology and apoptosis in weaned piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
X. Yue ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
M. Lv ◽  
X. Han
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effects of dietary chitosan-copper chelate (CS-Cu) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology and epithelial cell apoptosis in weaned piglets was investigated. One hundred and sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weanling barrows with an average body weight of 7.75 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub>, (3) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub> mixed with chitosan (CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS), (4) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CS-Cu. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the pigs receiving a diet containing CS-Cu had higher average daily gain and lower diarrhea incidence than the pigs receiving dietary CuSO<sub>4</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. Villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were higher and crypt depth was lower in CS-Cu treated pigs than in pigs fed dietary CuSO<sub>4 </sub>or CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. An apparent decrease of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis in pigs fed CS-Cu diet was found. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in pigs fed dietary CS-Cu than in those fed other diets. The results indicated that dietary CS-Cu showed better biological and physiological function in improving small intestinal morphology and reducing diarrhea incidence.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined Supplementation of Macleaya cordata Extract and Benzoic Acid on the Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Composition in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yexin Yin ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Jiashun Chen ◽  
Chenxing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Macleaya Cordata

Because the use of antibiotics is forbidden, piglets experience a considerable weanling stress, resulting in increased incidence of diarrhea and death. Macleaya cordata extract or benzoic acid have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities that makes them potential antibiotic alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of feed supplemented with Macleaya cordata extract and benzoic acid on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microflora in weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets [Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)] 28 days of age and weighing 8.41 ± 0.13 kg were randomly divided in equal numbers (n = 8) into three groups fed a basal diet (CON), CON + 20 mg/kg flavomycin + 50 mg/kg quinocetone (AGP), or CON + 50 mg/kg Macleaya cordata extract + 1,000 mg/kg benzoic acid (MB). Compared with the CON diet, dietary MB or AGP increased the final weight and average daily gain, and reduced feed efficiency and the diarrhea rate (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the CON diet, MB supplementation increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD activity) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P &lt; 0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)-10 IgA and IgM were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in MB-fed piglets than in CON-fed piglets. Piglets fed the MB diet had greater villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VC) in the duodenum, villus height in the ileum, and lower crypt depth in the jejunum than did piglets given the CON diet (P &lt; 0.5). Piglets in the MB group had increased concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids in the ileum or cecum compared with the CON and AGP groups (P &lt; 0.05). Streptococcus proportion was lower in the MB than in the AGP group. Dietary MB increased the Lactobacillus and decreased Escherichia-Shigella populations compared with the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). The study results indicate that MB can be used to replace AGP as a feed supplement for weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral Candida utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Liuting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Cecal Microflora

Weaning piglets experienced the transformation from breast milk to solid feed and present the proliferation of pathogens, the presence of diarrhea, poor growth performance and even death. Plant extracts and probiotics have certain potential in improving animal growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dietary yucca schidigera extract (YSE) and oral Candida utilis (CU) on growth performance and intestinal health weaned piglets. According to a 2 × 2 factorial design with the main factors being CU (orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline with or without CU; fed basal diet with or without 120 mg/kg YSE), forty 28 d healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 barrows each: (1) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (CON); (2) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (CU); (3) piglets fed the basal diet containing YSE (120 mg/kg) and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (YSE); (4) Piglets fed the basal diet containing 120 mg/kg YSE and 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (YSE+CU). This study lasted 28 days and evaluated the effects of dietary YSE and oral CU on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, ileal morphology, and intestinal microflora in weaned piglets. Dietary YSE increased ADG, the spleen and lymph node indexes, serum GLU, BUN, T-SOD, T-AOC, CAT concentrations, ileal villus height and villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations and ileal occludin concentration in weaned piglets (P &lt; 0.05); decreased the diarrhea rate and mortality, rectal pH and urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P &lt; 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Orally CU increased ADG, and ADFI, the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, ileal villus height, villus height/crypt depth, jejunum occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations (P &lt; 0.05); reduced the diarrhea rate and mortality, urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P &lt; 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Dietary YSE and orally CU increased the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin concentration; reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets by 28%, gastric pH, ileal pH, cecal pH and urine pH, MDA, crypt depth; improved the diversity of cecal microflora. YSE and CU could improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve intestinal health, and increase the diversity and abundance of cecal microflora in weaned piglets and expected to be used as antibiotics alternative feed additives in the production of weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Effect of Niacin on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota Composition in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Shilong Liu ◽  
Xiaoping Zhu ◽  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xiuguo Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

This study aimed to investigate the effects of niacin on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal immunity, and colonic microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 96 weaned piglets (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 21-d old, 6.65 ± 0.02 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups (8 replicate pens per treatment, each pen containing 4 males; n = 32/treatment) for 14 d. Piglets were fed a control diet (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with 20.4 mg/kg niacin (NA) or an antagonist for the niacin receptor GPR109A (MPN). The results showed that NA or MPN had no effect on ADG, ADFI, G/F or diarrhea incidence compared with the CON diet. However, compared with piglets in the NA group, piglets in the MPN group had lower ADG (p = 0.042) and G/F (p = 0.055). In comparison with the control and MPN group, niacin supplementation increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.05), while decreasing the crypt depth in the duodenum (p < 0.05). Proteomics analysis of cytokines showed that niacin supplementation increased the expression of duodenal transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), jejunal interleukin-10 (IL-10) and ileal interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05), and reduced the expression of ileal interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p < 0.05) compared with the control diet. Piglets in the MPN group had significantly increased expression of ileal IL-6, and jejunal IL-8 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) compared with those in the control group. Piglets in the MPN group had lower jejunal IL-10 level and higher jejunal IL-8 level than those in the NA group (p < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of duodenal IL-8 and ileal granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes were increased (p < 0.05), and that of ileal IL-10 transcript was decreased (p < 0.05) in the MPN group compared with both the control and NA groups. Additionally, niacin increased the relative abundance of Dorea in the colon as compared with the control and MPN group (p < 0.05), while decreasing that of Peptococcus compared with the control group (p < 0.05) and increasing that of Lactobacillus compared with MPN supplementation (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results indicated that niacin supplementation efficiently ensured intestinal morphology and attenuated intestinal inflammation of weaned piglets. The protective effects of niacin on gut health may be associated with increased Lactobacillus and Dorea abundance and butyrate content and decreased abundances of Peptococcus.

Effects of dietary rosemary extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaning pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yexin Yin ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xuetai Bao ◽  
Lina Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Crypt Depth

Abstract Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) has multiple pharmacological and biological activities, including use as a food additive and medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary RE supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaning piglets. A total of 192 crossbred weaned piglets [Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)] (initial body weight = 6.65 ± 0.33 kg, weaned days = 23 ± 1 d) were group housed (six pigs per pen; n = 8 pens/treatment). Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based control diet or the basal diet supplemented with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg RE. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to fed for 21-d. The growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and intestinal morphology and antioxidant status were evaluated. The components of the microbial microflora were also determined in the cecal samples. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with RE increased the final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake (linear, P = 0.038, 0.016, and 0.009, respectively), and decreased the diarrhea ratio in piglets (linear, P &lt; 0.05). The digestibility of crude protein (linear, P = 0.034) and gross energy (linear, P = 0.046) increased with treatment with RE. Piglets fed RE showed longer villus height (linear, P = 0.037 and 0.028, respectively) and villus height/crypt depth (linear, P = 0.004 and 0.012; quadratic, P = 0.023 and 0.036, respectively) in the jejunum and ileum, in addition to a lesser crypt depth in the jejunum (linear, P = 0.019) and ileum (quadratic, P = 0.042). The addition of RE increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (linear, P = 0.035 and 0.008 respectively) and glutathione peroxidase activity (linear, P = 0.027 and 0.039 respectively), and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (linear, P = 0.041 and 0.013; quadratic, P = 0.023 and 0.005 respectively) in the serum and liver. Dietary RE supplementation, compared with the control, increased the number of Bifidobacterium (linear, P = 0.034) and Bacteroidetes (linear, P = 0.029), while decreased Escherichia coli (linear, P = 0.008; quadratic, P = 0.014) in the cecal contents. Thus, dietary RE supplementation can improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and the microbiota in weaned piglets, and 200 mg/kg may be considered the optimum dosage.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Kwang Kim ◽  
Young Jang ◽  
Yoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.

scholarly journals Dietary Enteromorpha Polysaccharide Enhances Intestinal Immune Response, Integrity, and Caecal Microbial Activity of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teketay Wassie ◽  
Zhuang Lu ◽  
Xinyi Duan ◽  
Chunyan Xie ◽  
Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Marine algae polysaccharides have been shown to regulate various biological activities, such as immune modulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic. However, litter is known about the interaction of these polysaccharides with the gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of marine algae Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera polysaccharide (EP) supplementation on growth performance, immune response, and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 200 1-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with ten replications of ten chickens in each replication. The dietary treatments consisted of the control group (fed basal diet), and EP group (received diet supplemented with 400 mg EP/kg diet). Results showed that chickens fed EP exhibited significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) body weight and average daily gain than the chicken-fed basal diet. In addition, significantly longer villus height, shorter crypt depth, and higher villus height to crypt depth ratio were observed in the jejunal and ileal tissues of chickens fed EP. EP supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, TLR4, MyD88, IL-2, IFN-α, and IL-1β in the ileal and jejunal tissues (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, we observed significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) short-chain volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the caecal contents of the EP group than in the control group. Furthermore, 16S-rRNA analysis revealed that EP supplementation altered gut microbiota and caused an abundance shift at the phylum and genus level in broiler chicken. Interestingly, we observed an association between microbiota and SCFAs production. Overall, this study demonstrated that supplementation of diet with EP promotes growth performance, improves intestinal immune response and integrity, and modulates the caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. This study highlighted the application of marine algae polysaccharides as an antibiotic alternative for chickens. Furthermore, it provides insight to develop marine algae polysaccharide-based functional food and therapeutic agent.

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Yining Xie ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control diet (CON), 3 diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (XOS100, XOS500, and XOS1000). There were 4 replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From d 1 to 14, there were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOS showed a quadratic effect on BW on d 28, ADG and G:F d 1-28 of piglets (P &lt; 0.05). From d 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (d 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on d 14 and 28 (P &lt; 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on d 14 and 28 (P &lt;0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 group. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of Occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in the ileum compared to the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 group were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than CON group. In conclusion, xylo-oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.

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