scholarly journals 155 Effects of sustained hyperprolactinemia in late gestation on the mammary parenchymal transcriptome of gilts

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Marie-France Palin ◽  
Anouk Caron ◽  
Chantal Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Array Quality ◽  
Reduce Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Go Terms

Abstract The study objective was to determine the effects of hyperprolactinemia on the mammary parenchymal transcriptome in late-pregnant gilts. Gilts were divided into 3 groups on day 90 of gestation to receive IM injections of 1) canola oil (CTL, n = 18) until day 109 of gestation, 2) domperidone (dopamine antagonist) until day 96 (T7, n = 17) or, 3) domperidone until day 109 (T20, n = 17). Mammary glands were collected on day 110 and parenchymal tissue was sampled for transcriptomic analyses. Total RNA was isolated from 6 CTL and 6 T20 gilts for microarray analysis. The GeneChip® Porcine Gene 1.0 ST Array (19,202 genes) was used for hybridization. Array quality control, data normalization and expression level analyses were performed with the Affymetrix Expression Console and Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC) software. Using a threshold cut-off of 1.5 fold (P < 0.05), a total of 313 upregulated and 480 downregulated gene transcripts were identified in T20 vs CTL gilts. A qPCR validation analysis of selected upregulated (n = 13) and downregulated (n = 13) genes was conducted on all animals (CTL, T7, T20). The MIXED procedure of SAS was used for statistical analyses. All selected genes were validated for the CTL vs T20 comparison (P < 0.01). Only 4 selected genes (CAMK1G, COL9A1, P2RX7, TDRD1) were downregulated in the T7 treatment (vs CTL, P < 0.05). Functional analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the PANTHER classification system. The top upregulated Biological Process enriched GO terms were Inflammatory Response (GO:0006954) and Response to Lipid (GO:0033993). The Positive Regulation of Cell Population Proliferation (GO:0008284) and Regulation of Cellular Catabolic Process (GO:0031329) GO terms were identified for downregulated genes. Results suggest that a sustained hyperprolactinemia during late-pregnancy (T20 treatment) may increase mammary inflammatory response and reduce cell proliferation.

scholarly journals 216 Thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows at different reproductive stages exposed to increasing ambient temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Betty R McConn ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Jacob M Maskal ◽  
Brianna N Gaskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Pregnant sows, especially during late-gestation, may be susceptible to heat stress due to increased metabolic heat production and body mass. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows exposed to increasing ambient temperature (TA) at 3 reproductive stages. In 3 repetitions, 27 multiparous sows (parity 3.22±0.89) were individually housed and had jugular catheters placed 5.0±1.0 d prior to the experiment. To differentiate between reproductive stages, sows were categorized as open (not pregnant, n=9), mid-gestation (59.7±9.6 days pregnant, n=9), or late-gestation (99.0±4.8 days pregnant, n=9). During the experiment, sows were exposed to 6 consecutive 1 h periods of increasing TA (period 1, 14.39±2.14°C; period 2, 16.20±1.39°C; period 3, 22.09±1.87°C; period 4, 26.34±1.39°C; period 5, 30.56±0.81°C; period 6, 35.07±0.96°C), with 1 h transition phases in between each period. Respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature, and vaginal temperature (TV) were measured every 20 min and the mean was calculated for each period. At the end of each period, blood gases, leukocytes, and red blood cell counts were measured. Overall, RR and HR were greater (P≤0.04; 45.6% and 12.9%, respectively) in late-gestation versus mid-gestation sows. Compared to mid-gestation and open sows, TV tended to be greater (P=0.06) during period 4 (0.18°C and 0.29°C, respectively) and period 5 (0.14°C and 0.18°C, respectively) in late-gestation sows. Blood O2 increased (P< 0.01; 18.1%) for all sows with advancing period, regardless of reproductive stage. Late-gestation sows had reduced (P=0.02; 16.1%) blood CO2 compared to mid-gestation sows, regardless of period. In summary, late-gestation sows appear to be more sensitive to increasing TA as indicated by increased RR, HR, TV, and blood O2, and reduced blood CO2 when compared to mid-gestation or open sows. This change in O2 and CO2, due to increasing RR and heat stress sensitivity of late-gestation sows, may suggest an alteration to the acid-base balance, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

Effect of the inflammatory response on serum indices of iron status in late pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 126516
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Yuan ◽  
Yanfang Gao ◽  
Wenbai Zhou ◽  
Wei Long ◽  
Jianbing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Late Pregnancy

Abstract 219: Cardiac Angiogenic Imbalance Leads to Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zolt Arany ◽  
Ian Patten ◽  
Sarosh Rana ◽  
Sajid Shahul ◽  
Glenn Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Vegf Inhibitors ◽  
Circulating Levels

Peri-partum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a frequently fatal disease that affects women near delivery, and occurs more frequently in women with pre-eclampsia and/or multiple gestation. The etiology of PPCM, or why it associates with pre-eclampsia, remains unknown. We show here that PPCM is associated with a systemic angiogenic imbalance, accentuated by pre-eclampsia. Mice that lack cardiac PGC-1α, a powerful regulator of angiogenesis, develop profound PPCM. Importantly, the PPCM is entirely rescued by pro-angiogenic therapies. In humans, the placenta in late gestation secretes VEGF inhibitors like soluble Flt1 (sFlt1), and this is accentuated by multiple gestation and pre-eclampsia. This anti-angiogenic environment is accompanied by sub-clinical cardiac dysfunction, the extent of which correlates with circulating levels of sFlt1. Exogenous sFlt1 alone caused diastolic dysfunction in wildtype mice, and profound systolic dysfunction in mice lacking cardiac PGC-1α. Finally, plasma samples from women with PPCM contained abnormally high levels of sFlt1. These data strongly suggest that PPCM is in large part a vascular disease, caused by excess anti-angiogenic signaling in the peri-partum period. The data also explain how late pregnancy poses a threat to cardiac homeostasis, and why pre-eclampsia and multiple gestation are important risk factors for the development of PPCM.

Resource sharing in rat gestation: role of maternal cardiovascular hemodynamics

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. R1299-R1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Blizard ◽  
T. G. Folk
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Cardiovascular Hemodynamics ◽  
Laboratory Rat

There is a substantial decrease in blood pressure (BP) in late pregnancy in the laboratory rat. It is so pronounced that manipulations that produce sustained elevations in BP in nonpregnant animals have little or no effect during pregnancy. It is commonly believed that this decrease in BP is a consequence of a large decrease in total peripheral resistance resulting from the passive combination of the placental vasculature with a preexisting maternal vasodilation. An alternative view is presented here. We suggest that, in small mammals like the laboratory rat, pregnancy severely challenges the ability of the maternal cardiovascular system to meet its metabolic demands, so that during the last stages of maturation of the low-resistance placental circulation delivery of vital metabolic or nutritional substances to the maternal vasculature becomes marginal. When the so-called maternal hemodynamic preservation threshold is reached, a pronounced and wide-spread vasodilation occurs to maintain adequate perfusion of maternal organs. The late-gestational decrease in BP thus reflects a dynamic interaction between the maternal and placental circulations rather than reflecting their passive combination. The hypothesis provides a framework for the integrated discussion of a number of important phenomena: the fact that hypertensive rats exhibit a larger decrease in BP in late gestation than normotensive rats; the existence of a positive association between litter size and the magnitude of the late-gestational decrease in BP; and, finally, the well-established ability of the food-restricted pregnant rat to compartmentalize its nutritional resources.

The effect of dietary energy concentration on protein utilization during late pregnancy in ewes

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guada ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Unit Increase

SUMMARYFrom 62 days of gestation to parturition, 20 Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes were each offered one of four diets with roughage to concentrate ratios of 20:80; 40:60; 60:40 and 80:20, at daily metabolizable energy and digestible crude protein intakes of 490 kJ and 3·55 g/kg W0·75respectively. Plasma concentration of free fatty acids, glucose and urea were determined weekly, and nitrogen balance and digestibility trials were carried out at 70–80 and 130–140 days of gestation.On all treatments the concentration of plasma free fatty acids increased during pregnancy from approximately 200–600 μ-equiv./l and the concentration of glucose and urea decreased by approximately 25%.Digestibility coefficients for dry matter and organic matter increased from 58 to 68% and from 60 to 70% respectively as the proportion of concentrates in the diet increased and were not affected by stage of gestation. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen was not affected by the energy concentration of the diet.Between mid and late gestation there was a mean increase in daily nitrogen retention of 2·5 g and an improvement in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization of 19 percentage units.Nitrogen retention and the efficiency with which the apparently digested nitrogen intake was retained increased as the dietary energy concentration was increased. The mean daily increases in nitrogen retention were 0·0135 and 0·0039 g for each percentage unit increase in the concentrate portion of the diet at mid and late gestation respectively. The corresponding values for the improvement in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization were 0·13 and 0·10%.

scholarly journals A pronounced uterine pro-inflammatory response at parturition is an ancient feature in mammals

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1865) ◽  
pp. 20171694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Hansen ◽  
Lauren S. Faber ◽  
Ali A. Salehpoor ◽  
Robert D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Invasive Placenta ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Regulating maternal immunity is necessary for successful human pregnancy. Whether this is needed in mammals with less invasive placentation is subject to debate. Indeed, the short gestation times in marsupials have been hypothesized to be due to a lack of immune regulation during pregnancy. Alternatively, the maternal marsupial immune system may be unstimulated in the absence of a highly invasive placenta. Transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be overrepresented in the whole uterine transcriptome at terminal pregnancy in the opossum, Monodelphis domestica . To investigate this further, immune gene transcripts were quantified throughout opossum gestation. Transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines remained relatively low during pre- and peri-attachment pregnancy stages. Levels dramatically increased late in gestation, peaking within 12 h prior to parturition. These results mirror the spike of inflammation seen at eutherian parturition but not at attachment or implantation. Our results are consistent with the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines at parturition being an ancient and conserved birth mechanism in therian mammals.

SEVERE FEED RESTRICTION OF THE SOW DURING LATE PREGNANCY

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Short Term

Thirty-two Yorkshire sows were given either 0.45 or 2.27 kg feed/day from day 100 of gestation to farrowing to determine whether short-term restriction of feed intake during late gestation affected either the reproduction or lactation performance of the sows. Level of feeding from day 100 of gestation significantly affected prefarrowing weight change (P <.01) and the net weight change from day 100 to immediately postfarrowing (P <.01). An inverse relationship in the pattern of prefarrowing and lactation weight changes was observed. Restriction of prefarrowing feed intake did not significantly affect litter size, birth weight or weaning weight of the piglets. However, reduced intake prefarrowing was counterbalanced by increased intake postfarrowing with no overall saving in feed.

Presence of peptide synthetase gene transcripts and accumulation of ergopeptines in Claviceps purpurea and Neotyphodium coenophialum

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seanna L Annis ◽  
Daniel G Panaccione
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Neotyphodium Coenophialum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nonribosomal Peptide ◽  
Peptide Synthetases ◽  
Peptide Synthetase ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Functional Analyses

The production of toxic ergopeptine alkaloids by the fungi Claviceps purpurea and Neotyphodium coenophialum involves the activity of one or more nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Claviceps purpurea and N. coenophialum each have several different peptide synthetase genes, fragments of which have been cloned previously. An additional Claviceps purpurea peptide synthetase gene was cloned by hybridization with one of the N. coenophialum peptide synthetase gene fragments. We detected the presence of mRNA from the peptide synthetase genes in cultures of different ages grown under conditions favorable or unfavorable for ergopeptine production. All four peptide synthetase genes from Claviceps purpurea were transcribed under at least some of the experimental conditions. Transcripts from three of the four genes were detected under conditions consistent with their potential involvement in ergopeptine biosynthesis. All three peptide synthetase genes previously identified in N. coenophialum were transcribed during symbiotic growth of this fungus with tall fescue, as well as in ergopeptine-producing cultures. The data show that all of the peptide synthetase genes are transcribed, that one of the peptide synthetase genes is dissociated from ergopeptine biosynthesis, and, as a result, prioritize the remaining genes for functional analyses by transformation-mediated gene disruption.Key words: Claviceps purpurea, endophyte, ergot, ergotamine, Neotyphodium coenophialum.

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE DURING LATE GESTATION AND SOON AFTER BIRTH ON IgG ABSORPTION BY NEWBORN PIGLETS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. BATE ◽  
R. R. HACKER
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Newborn Piglet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Newborn Piglets

The possibility that environmental temperature, in late gestation or soon after birth, can modify the ability of the newborn piglet to absorb immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied. Fifteen pregnant Yorkshire sows were exposed to either 5 or 18 °C from day 104 postbreeding until 6 h postpartum, at which time they were moved to a normal 18 °C farrowing room. All sows were bled to determine serum concentration of cortisol. At birth, the piglets were assigned to either a 14 or 35 °C environment for 6 h. The piglets were force-fed bovine colostrum four times during the first 6 h of life and bled nine times between birth and day 21 to determine the concentrations of serum porcine and bovine IgG. The concentration of serum cortisol, in the sows subjected to the 5 °C environment, increased in response to treatment. Cortisol concentrations remained elevated until the sows returned to the 18 °C environment. Piglets from sows maintained at 5 °C had marginally higher concentrations of serum bovine IgG than piglets from control sows. Exposure of piglets to 14 °C at birth reduced absorption of IgG; however, they continued to absorb IgG after they were moved to a thermoneutral environment. By 21 days, only those piglets from sows exposed to 5 °C showed a significant productionof IgG. Piglets from sows exposed to 5 °C and maintained at 35 °C after birth had the highest serum concentration of IgG. These results indicate that environmental temperature during late pregnancy can modify IgG absorption by newborn piglets. Key words: Immunoglobulins, colostrum, absorption, Cortisol, piglet

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Signatures for Ovulation in Vertebrates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongteng Liu ◽  
Michael S. Brewer ◽  
Shixi Chen ◽  
Wanshu Hong ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Gene Transcripts

AbstractRecently, we found anovulation in nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr) knockout (Pgr-KO) zebrafish, which offers a new model for examining Pgr regulated genes and pathways that are important for ovulation and fertility. In this study, we examined expression of all transcripts using RNA-Seq in pre-ovulatory follicular cells collected after the final oocyte maturation, but prior to ovulation, from wild-type (WT) or Pgr-KO fish. Differential expression analysis revealed 2,888 genes significantly differentially expressed between WT and Pgr-KO fish. Among those, 1,230 gene transcripts were significantly more expressed, while 1,658 genes were significantly less expressed in WT than those in Pgr-KO. We then retrieved and compared transcriptional data from online databases and further identified 661 conserved genes in fish, mice, and humans, that showed similar levels of high (283 genes) or low (387) expression in animals that were ovulating compared to those with no ovulation. For the first time, ovulatory genes and their involved biological processes and pathways were also visualized using Enrichment Map and Cytoscape. Intriguingly, enrichment analysis indicated the genes with higher expression were involved in multiple ovulatory pathways and processes such as inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cytokine production, cell migration, chemotaxis, MAPK, focal adhesion, and cytoskeleton reorganization. In contrast, the genes with lower expression were mainly involved DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA methylation, RNA processing, telomere maintenance, spindle assembling, nuclear acid transport, catabolic processes, nuclear and cell division. Our results indicate that a large set of genes (>3,000) are differentially regulated in the follicular cells in zebrafish prior to ovulation, terminating programs including growth and proliferation, and beginning processes including the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Further studies are required to establish relationships among these genes and an ovulatory circuit in zebrafish model.

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