PSX-A-27 Late-Breaking: The sulfatase mediated regeneration of androstenone from androstenone sulfate in boar fat

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 376-376
Author(s):  
Christine Bone ◽  
E James Squires
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sulfatase Activity ◽  
Steroid Sulfate ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Entire Male ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Boar taint is an off-odour or off-flavour that develops in heated pork products from entire male pigs, which is caused by the accumulation of androstenone, a sex pheromone, in the fat. However, we have previously demonstrated that a significant amount of androstenone undergoes sulfoconjugation upon synthesis in the Leydig cells and circulates in the plasma primarily as a polar steroid sulfate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if androstenone sulfate can be deconjugated within the adipose tissue by the sulfatase enzyme to return free androstenone and indirectly contribute to the development of boar taint. Backfat was obtained from 6-month-old terminal cross [Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire)] boars that had high (n=4) or low (n=4) sulfatase expression as determined by RT-PCR. Sulfatase activity in the fat was measured by quantifying the conversion of androstenone sulfate to free androstenone. Backfat was homogenized and the supernatant was incubated with [3H]-androstenone sulfate for 24-hours. Androstenone was extracted from the incubation using ether and steroid conversion was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, fat androstenone concentrations were quantified using an established HPLC procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Student’s t-test. There was a significant difference (p=0.04) in the expression of sulfatase between the high (2.99 ± 0.67) and low (1.21 ± 0.19) sulfatase boars and the percentage of androstenone sulfate that was converted to free androstenone was proportional to the expression of sulfatase. Interestingly, the expression of sulfatase was positively related to the concentration of androstenone in the fat in boars with high sulfatase expression; however, this relation was not as strong in animals with low sulfatase expression. These preliminary results suggest that the development of boar taint may occur indirectly through the deconjugation of androstenone sulfate in boars with high expression of sulfatase in the fat.

Oral Bioavailability of Nizatidine and Ranitidine Concurrently Administered with Antacid

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Desager ◽  
C. Harvengt
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This four-way crossover open-label study on eight healthy subjects was designed to investigate the effect on bioavailability of orally administered nizatidine given concurrently with an antacid (magnesium hydroxide–aluminium hydroxide mixture). Ranitidine was used as a comparison. Subjects were hospitalized overnight for each drug application which was given as a single dose [nizatidine or ranitidine (300 mg) or antacid (20 ml) of a neutralizing capacity of 50 mmol hydrochloric acid]. Plasma nizatidine or ranitidine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. No statistically significant difference occurred in the kinetic profile of nizatidine after antacid administration although it took longer to reach maximum concentration in plasma. The area under the concentration–time curve was also reduced (by ≤10%) and there was a longer lag between administration and absorption. Bioequivalence (Westlake test) for ranitidine in the presence or absence of antacid was confirmed (difference ≤12%). For nizatidine, with or without antacid, the value of the Westlake test was just above the limit for bioequivalence (21.4%), whereas the Student's t-test for related means (one-tailed distribution) gave P = 0.045. There was no clinically relevant nizatidine–antacid interaction at the doses used in this study.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaslima Nandhini Js ◽  
Savitha Basker G ◽  
Vishnupriya V
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disease condition characterized by truncal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance. An excessive circulating uric acid (UA) level even within normal range is always comorbid with metabolic syndrome and its components. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and serum UA level.Methods: A total of 60 subjects were divided into two groups of healthy (30 individuals) and metabolic syndrome patients (30 individuals) from dental outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected in the plain collection tubes and centrifuged, and then serum was separated. Then, the serum was used to analyze the fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides (TGLs), and serum UA by GOD-POD, enzymatic colorimetric, and uricase method, respectively. A statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Mean body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), TGL, and UA level of control group were 23.36±1.81, 84.45±13.1, 110.9±22.6, and 3.48±1.21 respectively. Mean BMI, FBS, TGL, and UA level of study group were 35.24±3.04, 122.85±23.3, 212.1±39.6 and 9.08±2.63 respectively. There is a significant difference between these two groups with p<0.0001.Conclusion: This study showed that those individuals with metabolic syndrome have higher UA level that indicates hyperuricemia which is a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effect of the ketoprofen on the preemptive analgesia in female cats undergoing to ovariohysterectomy

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Dayvid Vianêis Farias de Lucena ◽  
Fernanda Vieira Henrique ◽  
Amara Gyane Alves de Lima ◽  
Almir Pereira de Souza ◽  
Pedro Isidro da Nóbrega Neto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Preemptive Analgesia ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Postoperative Administration ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the ketoprofen on the preemptive analgesia in female cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Sixteen healthy cats were distributed into two groups, with eight animals each, by means of a draw, in a preemptive group (PREG), in which the animal received ketoprofen (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously two hours before the surgery; and postsurgery group (POSG), in which ketoprofen (1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously immediately after surgery. In both groups, ketoprofen was given 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first adminstration. Heart and respiratory frequencies and glycemia were measured in all animals during the days first ten postsurgery. Analgesia was measured by assigning scores at zero, two, four, six, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 hours after the surgical procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test to compare the moments and Student's t-test for comparison between groups. Pain scores were evaluated using test of U-Mann-Withney or Kruskall-Wallis, all at the 5% level of significance. Pain scores were significantly lower in PREG in M0, M6, M72, M96 and M120. No significant difference was found in the levels of glycemia in comparison to baseline values. Ketoprofen promotes postsurgery analgesia in female cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy and preemptive and postsurgery administration provides an earlier reduction of pain scores when compared to postoperative administration, only.

scholarly journals Craniometric study of the Orbital Index in brazilian skulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso FERNANDES ◽  
Patrícia Moreira RABELLO ◽  
Bianca Marques SANTIAGO ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de CARVALHO ◽  
Manoel Raimundo de SENA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objetive To determine the percentage of correctness of the Orbital Index (OI) for estimation of sex, ancestry and age in Brazilian skulls. Methods Cross-sectional study of 183 human dry skulls from the southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 skeletons were males and 83 females; of which 36 were aged up to 39 years, 60 aged between 40 and 59 years, and 87 aged 60 years or older. As for ancestry, 103 were from white, 51 mixed race, and 29 black individuals. The OI was calculate by the formula = height/width x 100. The data were submitted to Student’s t test, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis tests as well as to discriminant analysis, with a 5% significance level. Results The sample was characterized as mesoseme, with a mean age of 56.62 (±19.97) years. No significant difference was observed (p=0.511) between the OI in females (right: 86.43 ± 6.58 and left: 86.70 ± 5.93) and males (right: 85.78 ± 6.69 and left: 86.37 ± 6.20). There were no significant differences between age, ancestry and the variables analyzed (p>0.05). The right and left orbital widths were significantly dimorphic between sexes (p<0.001). The percentage of correctness of the method for estimation of sex, age and ancestry was found to be 65.6%, 43.7%, and 43.6%, respectively. Conclusions The OI is not an appropriate method for estimation of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in this Brazilian sample. The methodology should be expanded to other population groups so that it can be improved.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Asari Radix et Rhizoma and Dried Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Zhuang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Renhua Miao ◽  
Shoudong Ni ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction:: Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) and dried ginger (Zingiber officinalis) (DG) are often used together in drug preparations in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat respiratory diseases including cold, bronchitis and pneumonia. Previous studies suggested that ARR and/or DG may influence the pharmacokinetics of other herbal components. In the current study, we examined pharmacokinetic interactions between ARR and DG in rats after oral administration. Methods:: We developed a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously measure serum concentrations of two active components each in ARR (L-asarinin and sesamin) and DG (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were starved overnight, then given ARR extract, DO extract, or a co-decoction of ARR and DG by gastric gavage (6 g raw material per kg body weight; n = 6 per group). Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration and at the following times (h) afterward: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 24.0. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using Student’s t test for independent samples. Results:: A simple, rapid, sensitive analytical method has been developed to detect four bioactive components simultaneously in the ARR-DG herbal pair. Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, T1/2 and AUC(0~t) were calculated using the non-compartmental model with the DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetic software. For L-asarinin, Tmax was 2.00 ± 0.00 h in ARR animals and 1.67±0.26 h in ARR-DG animals (P<0.05), T1/2 was 8.58 ± 1.75 h in ARR and 11.93 ± 2.13 h in ARR-DG (P<0.05). For 6-gingerol, Cmax was 350.48 ± 23.85 ng/mL in DG animals and 300.21 ± 20.02 ng/mL in ARR-DG (P<0.01), Tmax was 2.83 ± 0.41 h in DG and 2.17 ± 0.41 h in ARR-DG (P<0.05) and AUC(0~t) was 1.93 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR and 1.70 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR-DG (P<0.05). For 6-shogaol, Cmax was 390.28 ± 26.02 ng/mL in DG animals and 455.63 ± 31.01 ng/mL in ARR-DG (P<0.01), Tmax was 2.93 ± 0.10 h in DG and 1.92 ± 0.10 h in ARR-DG (P<0.01), T1/2 was 3.74 ± 0.29 h in DG and 3.28 ± 0.22 h in ARR-DG (P<0.01), and AUC(0~t) was 2.15 ± 0.18 mg/mL•h in DG and 2.73 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR-DG (P<0.01). Conclusions:: Pharmacokinetic interations between ARR and DG decrease Tmax, increase T1/2 but do not affect overall bioavailability of L-asarinin in ARR. The interactions in ARR-DG decrease Cmax and Tmax but increase T1/2 and AUC(0~t) of 6-gingerol in DG. The interactions increase Cmax and AUC(0~t) but decrease Tmax and T1/2 of 6- shogaol in DG. Interactions in ARR-DG do not affect the pharmacokinetics of sesamin.

scholarly journals Knowledge of nursing professionals of a surgical center regarding malignant hyperthermia

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Silva Sousa ◽  
Ana Lucia Mirancos Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
The City ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Student’S T Test

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of the nursing professionals in a surgical center about malignant hyperthermia. This is a descriptive exploratory study on malignant hyperthermia conducted with mid- and high-level nursing professionals in the surgical center of an institution located in the city of São Paulo, where the research was conducted between August and September 2013. Analysis of the data was descriptive and the average of the correct answers was compared using Student's t-test. Among the 96 participants, the two items in which at least 70% of the team showed knowledge were: the definition of malignant hyperthermia and the professionals involved in the health care provided. With respect to all test items, 70% of nurses answered 50% correctly. The same percentage of mid-level professionals answered only 20% correctly. There was no statistically significant difference between the professional categories. This study revealed insufficient knowledge on the part of the nursing team about malignant hyperthermia.

scholarly journals THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joko Kusnoto
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

  Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. Using Student’s t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the investigators compared whether there is a significant difference between the ratio from Bolton’s samples and the ratio from the Indonesian samples.Results: The result of this study showed that, for Indonesian samples, the overall ratio is 89.7±2.05, while the anterior ratio is 76.4±2.76. Student’s t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the results of this study and that of Bolton’s study for both the anterior and overall ratios.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between Indonesian population and Caucasian population in tooth size and Bolton ratio value. Therefore, original Bolton ratio value cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for Indonesian population.

21 Invitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes: A comparison of different reproductive stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
J. E. Hernández Pichardo ◽  
M. R. Del Moral Reyes ◽  
M. E. Kjelland ◽  
J. L. Rodríguez Suastegui
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Domestic cat invitro embryo production (IVEP) begins with IVM of oocytes to produce mature oocytes; that is, MII. The domestic cat (Felis catus) has been used as a model to carry out assisted reproductive technology (ART) research for application in wild feline species that may be threatened or endangered. The objective of this research was to evaluate oocyte maturation of domestic cats in different reproductive stages: (1) prepubertal, (2) oestrus, (3) pregnant, and (4) anoestrus. The present study was carried out at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco in Mexico City. Unless otherwise stated, all reagents used were from Sigma-Aldrich. The domestic cat ovaries were obtained from a veterinary clinic using salpingo-oophorectomy hysterectomy (OSH). Ovaries were classified as one of the following: (1) prepubertal (female cats under 6 months of age); (2) in oestrus (one or more 2-mm mature follicles); (3) pregnant (presence of fetuses with one or more corpora lutea; and (4) anoestric (ovaries without follicular activity). The ovaries were transported (&lt;2h) in NaCl solution (0.157M) with ampicillin (10 000 IU mL−1), streptomycin (10 000 µg mL−1) and amphotericin (25µg mL−1) to the laboratory. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained by ovary microdissection with modified Tyrode’s medium supplemented with sodium lactate (10mM), HEPES (0.50mM) and polyvinyl alcohol (0.01%). COCs were washed twice with TCM-199 medium with Earle’s salts supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA, 3mg mL−1), cysteine (0.1mg mL−1), HEPES (1.4mg mL−1), sodium pyruvate (0.25mg mL−1), sodium lactate (0.6mg mL−1), L-glutamine (0.15mg mL−1) and gentamicin (0.055mg mL−1). The wash medium was also used for IVM, but supplemented with human menopausal hormone (Merional® IBSA; 4.5IU mL−1). Oocyte maturation was performed with TCM-199 medium supplemented with BSA, in an atmosphere of 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 95% air, and humidity at saturation for 48h. To evaluate IVM, 300μg mL−1 of hyaluronidase was used to remove the granulosa cells for 5min at 38°C. Next, the oocytes were fixed with paraformaldehyde (4%) for 15 min; washed with a mounting solution (Imacel, invitro); then, 1.5μg mL−1 of 4’,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) was added. The stained oocytes were evaluated under a microscope (Eclipse E600, Nikon) equipped with a fluorescence lamp and a UV filter (excitation: 330–380nm). The Student’s t-test and the Chi-squared test (χ2) were used for statistical analyses (α=P&lt;0.05). A total of 210 ovaries were obtained from 105 female cats: prepubertal (n=38), oestrus (n=25), pregnant (n=18), and anoestrus (n=24), with a total of 1405 oocytes recovered. The meiotic maturation between the different reproductive stages after 48h of culture was similar in prepubertal (48%), oestrus (46%), pregnant (43%), and anoestrus (45%) groups and did not show a significant difference (P&gt;0.05). This study shows that the domestic cat reproductive stage does not significantly affect the production of mature oocytes for use in ART.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety of Candidates for Cataract Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Maryam Keramati, MD ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei, MSc ◽  
Ali Moghadasi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, MSc ◽  
Reza Mohammadpourhodki
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Back Massage

Background: The patients under cataract sur-gery often experience anxiety not only during the surgery, but also prior to the surgery.Purpose: We sought to determine the effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Setting: The study was conducted in the Amiral-momenin Hospital of Zabol city, south-east of Iran.Participants: A total of 60 candidates of cataract surgery participated in the study.Research Design: The participants were ran-domly allocated to either control or intervention groups. The intervention group received slow-stroke back massages, while patients in control group received routine interventions.Intervention: The slow-stroke back massage was performed on the patients assigned to the interven-tion group. The intervention was performed in the morning of the surgery day at 30 minutes before the surgery. The researcher performed each mas-sage session in a sitting position. The duration of each massage session was 15 minutes. Main Outcome Measures: Anxiety was assessed in the both groups in the morning of the surgery, before and immediately after the intervention. In-dependent samples Student’s t test, paired samples Student’s t test, and chi-squared test were used to analyze the data.Results: Anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups before and after the mas-sage (p = .816). On the other hand, paired samples Student’s t test showed a significant difference comparing the anxiety scores before (49.7±5.43) and after (45.16±3.89) the massage in the interven-tion group (p < .001). Conclusions: Based on our results, slow-stroke back massage, which is a low-cost and safe method, reduced anxiety in patients who were candidates for cataract surgery.

Application of the Clarifying Reagent Index as a Heat-Induced Parameter in Commercial Milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO J. MORALES ◽  
CARMEN ROMERO ◽  
SALVIO JIMÉNEZ-PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
Student’S T Test

The absorbance at 340 nm of transparent modified milk solutions (designated as Clarifying Reagent index) from industrially processed samples as well as from milk-resembling systems was measured in order to test the validity of this index for determining the extent of previous heat treatment. A statistical study (n = 81) of the Clarifying Reagent index of different commercial milks was carried out. There was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001, Student's t test) between three groups of samples: (1) raw and pasteurized milk, (2) UHT-treated milk, and (3) in-bottle sterilized milk. The Clarifying Reagent index showed significant relationships (P &lt; 0.001, Student's t test) with other heat-induced parameters such as hydroxymethylfurfural formation, loss of available lysine, and free fluorescent intermediary compounds formed by the Maillard reaction. Between 90 and 140°C, the Clarifying Reagent index of the clarified milk or milk-resembling systems followed zero-order kinetics as determined by nonlinear regression analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document