PSXIII-19 The influence of weaning age and biocholine supplementation to post-weaning growth and reproductive development in Brangus heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lima ◽  
Julio O J Barcellos ◽  
Gabriel R Pereira ◽  
Marcela K Rocha ◽  
Tamara E Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Weaning Age

Abstract This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of earlier weaning in addition to biocholine supplementation on age at puberty of Brangus heifers. Brangus calves were randomized and divided into three weaning ages groups, at 30 (Hyper-early weaning; HW), 75 (Early weaning; EW) and 180 days (Conventional weaning; CW). Then, calves were supplemented using the additive Biocholine (BIO) or not (CON). Animals were subjected to puberty induction and transrectal ultrasonography was performed to assess the ovarian activity and the presence of corpus luteum to determine heifer puberty. We also evaluated the body weight (BW; Kg), hip height (HH; cm), thoracic perimeter (TP; cm) and BW:HH ratio during the experimental period. BIO group showed higher ADG (>226g/day) when the animals were exposed to ryegrass pasture compared to CON (P < 0.05). We observed an interaction between weaning x biocholine and CW-BIO heifers showed greater HH more compared to CW-CON (P < 0.05). Overall, animals that have reached puberty at day 8 after puberty induction showed 331.0±23.14kg BW, 122.0±2.58cm HH and 165.4±3.45cm TP and 2.7±0.14 BW:HH. At the time of ovulation detection, the heifers from the HW group had 32.1kg BW, 3.93cm HH and 0.18cm BW:HH greater compared to CW (P < 0.05). The BIO supplementation together with ryegrass pasture, led to an increase in ADG weight throughout the evaluated period. We concluded that HW heifers showed an adequate body development throughout the experimental period until puberty appearance at the same age as others weaned groups.

scholarly journals 21 DIFFERENT SUCKLING REGIMENS AND RETURN TO POSTPARTUM CYCLIC OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN SANTA INÊS EWES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
N. G. Alves ◽  
I. J. Ascari ◽  
A. C. Alves ◽  
R. R. Lima ◽  
I. F. F. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Santa Inês

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different suckling regimens on body condition and interval from lambing to onset of the cyclic ovarian activity in Santa Inês ewes. Thirty-two ewes were allocated to blocks according to parity, number of lambs, and body weight and submitted to 3 treatments: continuous suckling (n = 11 ewes, 13 lambs), controlled suckling (n = 10 ewes, 14 lambs) with 2 suckling periods per day for 1 h from Day 10 postpartum (pp), or early weaning (n = 11 ewes, 14 lambs) with total separation of the lambs from Day 10 pp. The animals were evaluated in the interval from Day 12 pp to first estrus or to Day 60 pp. Dry matter intake was evaluated daily. The body weight of ewes and lambs and body condition score (scale 1 = thin and 5 = fat) of ewes were evaluated at lambing and at every 6 days after. Lambs were weighed at weaning. Estrus was monitored twice daily with a teaser ram. Blood samples for progesterone measurement were collected and ovarian ultrasonography was done at intervals of 3 days from Day 12 pp to first estrus or to Day 60 pp. Dry matter intake was analyzed over time, considering 9 periods, with PROC MIXED of SAS (2008; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Body weight, body condition score, interval from lambing to first ovulation, and weaning weight were analyzed using the GLM procedure, ANOVA, and an F-test. The intervals from lambing to first estrus and to follicles with a diameter ≥5 mm were analyzed considering a Poisson distribution and the percentage of estrus manifestation was analyzed considering a Bernoulli distribution, by generalized linear models, using PROC GENMOD. The dry matter intake did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments (2.3 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.0, and 1.6 ± 0.0 kg day–1), but it differed over time (P < 0.05). The body weight gain (3.3 ± 1.0, 3.0 ± 0.9, and 2.1 ± 1.4 kg), body condition score gain (0.2 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 0.2 ± 0.1), percentage of estrus manifestation (63.6, 50.0, and 54.5%), interval from lambing to first estrus (45.0 ± 3.9, 44.0 ± 7.2, and 32.3 ± 5.4 days), follicle with a diameter ≥5 mm (31.0 ± 3.3, 33.9 ± 3.0, and 34.9 ± 4.5 days), and ovulation (38.0 ± 3.6, 35.6 ± 3.9, and 26.5 ± 3.2 days) did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The dry matter intake was correlated with body weight in ewes that were submitted to continuous suckling (r = 0.7; P < 0.01) and controlled suckling (r = 0.6; P < 0.01), but not in those submitted to early weaning (r = 0.2; P > 0.05). The body condition score was correlated with body weight in ewes submitted to continuous suckling (r = 0.8; P < 0.01), controlled suckling (r = 0.4; P < 0.01), and early weaning (r = 0.5; P < 0.01), and with dry matter intake in those submitted to continuous suckling (r = 0.4; P < 0.01). Weaning weight was lower (P < 0.05) in lambs subjected to early weaning (19.0 ± 1.0, 18.3 ± 1.0, and 15.2 ± 0.6 kg), but their health was not compromised. Continuous suckling did not delay the return to postpartum cyclic ovarian activity and did not influence the postpartum body condition of Santa Inês ewes and should be used by producers. The financial support of Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) is acknowledged.

Growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A. J. Atansuyi ◽  
U. C. Ihendu ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Study Results

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-western Nigeria using a total of 300 day-old chicks. The birds were divided into seven groups based on their strain. The seven strains are Normal feather (NF), Fulani ecotype (FE), Frizzle feather (FF), naked neck (NN) and Transylvania indigenous strains while Hubbard and Marshal were meat-type exotic chickens. There were forty- five (45) unsexed day-old chicks in each strain except the Frizzle feather that were 30 in number. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the trial that lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets ad libitum throughout the period of the study. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the initial and final weights of the birds. It was observed that exotic strains weighed heavier (3569.73gHB) than their indigenous counterparts (1391.11gNF). However, the Fulani ecotype weighed heaviest (1840.99g) among Nigeria indigenous strains during the experimental period. This showed that FE strains are generally heavy breed chicken and could be incorporated into a meat producing indigenous chicken if improved upon. The result of the correlation coefficients showed that a very strong, positive and highly significant (P<0.001) relationship existed between body weights and linear body measurements as most of the values are (>0.40). All the body parameter examined had significant (p<0.01) and direct relationship with the body weight. Shoulder-to-tail length (STL) had the highest coefficient of 0.98.The high correlation estimates obtained in this study could be as a result of pleiotropy, heterozygosity or linkage of genes in the birds. The three functions were highly significant (p<0.05) for all the parameters studied. This shows that the functions well described the parameters. On the basis of coefficient of determination (R ), the body weight of poultry birds at any age can be predicted most accurately with BRG using cubic function.

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

scholarly journals Early Weaning Affects Liver Antioxidant Function in Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Lihuai Yu ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Yuzhu Ge ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Large White ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of early weaning on antioxidant function in piglets. A total of 40 Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 21-day-old piglets (half male and half female) were divided into suckling groups (SG) and weaning groups (WG). Piglets in WG were weaned at the 21st day, while the piglets in SG continued to get breastfed. Eight piglets from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered at 24th-day (SG3, WG3) and 28th-day old (SG7, WG7). The body weight, liver index, hepatocyte morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2 signaling in the liver of piglets were measured. The results showed that weaning caused decreased body weight (p < 0.01), lower liver weight (p < 0.01), and decreased the liver organ index (p < 0.05) of piglets. The area and size of hepatocytes in the WG group was smaller than that in the SG group (p < 0.05). We also observed that weaning reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) in the liver of piglets. Relative to the SG3 group, the gene expression of GSH-Px in liver of WG3 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gene expression of Nrf2 in the SG3 group was higher than that in the WG3 group (p < 0.01). The gene expression of NQO1 in the SG7 group was higher than that in the WG7 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weaning resulted in lower weight, slowed liver development, and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity, thereby impairing liver antioxidant function and suppressing piglet growth.

scholarly journals Health, body condition and blood metabolites in reindeer after submaintenance feed intake and subsequent feeding

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nilsson ◽  
Ö. Danell ◽  
M. Murphy ◽  
K. Olsson ◽  
B. Åhman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Period

The transition from experimentally induced poor nutritional conditions to feeding was studied with 69 eight-month-old female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). During a pre-experimental period, all reindeer were fed a simulated winter diet with 80% lichens Cladina spp. and 20% Vaccinum myrtillus shrubs and Salix spp. leaves (lichen diet) ad lib. The reindeer were divided into five groups. A control group (group C) was fed the lichen diet ad lib. throughout the experiment. Four groups were fed half of that ration for eight days and were then totally deprived of feed for one day (restriction period). During the following 34 days (feeding period) the groups were re-fed the lichen diet (group L), fed pelleted reindeer feed combined with either lichen (group PL) or grass silage (group PS), or fed silage with a gradually increasing addition of pellets (group SP). Weekly measurements of blood samples and body weighr showed that the control group remained clinically healthy and had stable blood plasma concentrations of protein, urea, glucose and insulin throughout the experiment, but they lost weight. At slaughter, before and after the restriction period, all animals had lost rumen-free body weight, but the reindeer fed a restricted amount of feed lost more than the control group. Also the plasma metabolites were affected by the restricted feeding, with increased concentrations of urea and decreased concentrations of glucose. Group L responded immediately to the ad lib. feeding with blood metabolite levels rapidly approaching those of group C. The body weight developments were similar in groups L and C. Although the feed rations were increased gradually, diarrhoea occurred in some animals belonging to groups PL and PS within the first week of the feeding period. All reindeer recovered, after antibiotic treatment of the worst affected animals. The PL and PS groups, which had high contents of metabolisable energy and crude protein in their diets, showed increased con-centtations of plasma protein, urea and insulin. At the end of the feeding period, these groups had increased their body and carcass weights and gained fat, whereas reindeer fed the lichen diet had lost weight. Severe health problems (malnutrition and so-called wet belly) occurred in group SP during the first weeks of feeding and led to loss of animals, and consequently the SP group was excluded from the remainder of rhe experiment. The general conclusion is that the lichen diet did not cause any digestive problems, but resulted in a continuous decline in body weight and small or deficient fat reserves. After the initial diarrhoea, feeding with diets comprising pellets from the start resulted in improved condition, expressed as increased body weight, fat gain and higher concentrations of plasma protein, urea and insulin in relation to the control group. The diet initially based on grass in the form of silage of the given quality seemed insufficient as feed to reindeer calves in a poor nutritional state.

Maintenance rations for Merino sheep. IV. The performance of adult Merino ewes fed daily and weekly at three levels of energy intake

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Briggs ◽  
MC Franklin ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean

Dry adult Merino ewes were fed at daily or weekly intervals on oat grain at levels which provided 4.0, 3.0, or 2.0 lb starch equivalent (S.E.) per sheep per week. The experimental periods were 223, 223, and 181 days respectively. Differences between the mean body weights of the ewes a t the three levels of feeding were highly significant (P < 0.001). Body weight varied only slightly and no losses occurred in ewes fed weekly at the rate of 4.0 lb S.E. per head. Ewes fed daily a t this level had a significantly greater mean body weight (P < 0.001) a t the conclusion of the 223-day experimental period. The addition of a sodium chloride supplement did not improve the body weight or wool production of ewes fed weekly a t the level of 4.0 lb S.E. The mean body weight of ewes fed at the levels of 3.0 or 2.0 lb S.E. per head declined over the first 12 and 18 respectively and thereafter remained relatively constant. There were no significant differences at these levels of feeding between groups fed daily and weekly in respect of body weight, wool production, or survival rates. Ewes fed a t the level of 4.0 lb S.E. grew significantly more wool than those given 3.0 lb S.E. (P < 0.001). Losses were negligible in all groups except those fed a t the level of 2.0 lb S.E. In these groups there were few deaths in the first 16 weeks, but in the subsequent 10 weeks losses totalled 17.1 per cent. Ewes fed a t the level of 2.0 lb S.E. consumed their rations at a significantly slower rate (P < 0.01) than did those fed a t the level of 4.0 lb S.E.

scholarly journals 127 Dietary supplementation with glycine improves the post-weaning growth of low-birth-weight pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Wenliang He ◽  
Erin A Posey ◽  
Guoyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represent 20–25% of all pigs born and are culled on farm, resulting in enormous losses. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhanced the growth of IUGR pigs after weaning. Healthy pigs [14 IUGR pigs (birth weight = 0.98±0.03 kg, mean ± SEM) and 20 NBW pigs (birth weight = 1.44±0.02 kg, mean ± SEM)] were used for the trial. At weaning (21 d of age), pigs within each birth weight group were assigned randomly into corn- and soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 1% glycine plus 0.19% corn starch or 1.19% alanine (isonitrogenous control). There were 7 IUGR pigs and 10 NBW pigs per subgroup. Crude protein content in basal diets was 20% between d 21 and 64, 18% between d 65 and 108, and 16% between d 109 and 120 of age. During the 100-d period of feeding, feed intake per kg body weight did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between IUGR and NBW pigs or between control and glycine groups. Growth rates of NBW pigs supplemented with 1% glycine did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) from those for NBW pigs without glycine supplementation. In contrast, growth rates of IUGR pigs supplemented with 1% glycine were 28%, 15%, and 10% greater (P &gt; 0.05) than those for IUGR pigs without glycine supplementation during d 21–35, d 35–64, and d 65–120 of age, respectively. Growth rates of NBW pigs were greater (P &gt; 0.05) than those for IUGR pigs without glycine supplementation during any experimental period. By d 120 of age, the body weight of IUGR pigs with glycine supplementation did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) from that of NBW pigs. Collectively, our results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1% glycine (a low-cost supplement) beneficially improves their growth rate and economic returns. Supported by a USDA/NIFA grant.

Effect of early weaning on the performance of male buffalo and cattle calves

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
A. A. El-Naggar ◽  
K. El-Shazly ◽  
I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYForty-eight uncastrated buffalo male calves and 16 male Friesian × Egyptian Native calves were used in two experiments to study the effect of weaning age on the performance of calves fed on a high concentrate ration after the first four months of age. Half of the buffalo calves were weaned at 120 days of age on to 330 kg whole buffalo milk (late-weaned) and the other half were weaned at 45 days of age on to 100 kg whole buffalo milk (early-weaned). Cattle calves were weaned at 31 days of age on to 65 kg whole cow milk. At the age of 7 days the calves were put on a high energy ration of 74% total digestible nutrients and 13·5% digestible protein. After 125 days of age all calves were offered a high concentrate ration (cottonseed cake and rice bran in the ratio of 1:1, plus 2% Ca(OH)2 and 1% common salt). Air-dried roughage was supplied at a level of ½% of the body weight. Buffalo and f-Native calves reached a slaughter weight of 400 kg or more about 540 days of age. Three-quarters Friesian calves reached the same weight at 480 days of age. The high concentrate ration caused a high incidence of bloat in ¾Friesian bulls. The efficiency of feed utilization was better for cow calves than that for buffalo calves. The system of early weaning of buffalo calves proved to be most economical and saved about 26% of the cost per kg live-weight gain. Slaughter experiments indicated that fat deposition was greater in male cattle of 400 kg than in buffalo bulls.

Experimental inoculation of day-old ducks with Brachyspira pilosicoli and B. alvinipulli

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Thuma ◽  
Ádám Dán ◽  
Éva Kaszanyitzky ◽  
Béla Fazekas ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
Significant Difference

Two groups of one-day-old Peking ducklings (Groups I and II, 12 birds/group) were inoculated orally withBrachyspira pilosicoliand two groups withB. alvinipulli(Groups III and IV, 12 birds/group). T-2 toxin was added to the feed of Groups II and IV in a dose of 1 mg/kg of feed. Groups V and VI served as uninfected control groups (ducks of Group VI received T-2 toxin). The body weight gain of the ducks was measured and clinical signs were monitored continuously. The birds were sacrificed and necropsied on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post infection (PI). The liver, spleen, kidney, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, ileum, caecum and colon were examined histologically. Culturing ofBrachyspiraspp. and immunohistochemistry were performed from the sampled parts of the intestines as well. No gross pathological or histological lesions that could be associated withB. pilosicoliorB. alvinipulliwere detectable in the intestinal mucous membrane including the colonised intestinal glands. Mortality did not occur during the experimental period. Decrease in body weight gain was significant in the T-2-toxin-treated groups, and it was slight (not significant) in theBrachyspira-infected groups. Crust on the beaks, necrosis, crusting and ulceration in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and on the skin of the feet, atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius due to the effect of T-2 toxin, accompanied by lymphocyte depletion, were observed. These lesions were most prominent on days 14 and 21 PI but were seen on day 28 PI as well. Immunohistochemical detection and reisolation ofB. pilosicoliandB. alvinipulliwere successful on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 days from different segments of the intestine of certain birds, but no significant difference was observed in the colonisation rate between the T-2-toxin-treated and the untreated groups.

scholarly journals Influence of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexon quail blood parameters and weight characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
V. B. Dukhnitsky ◽  
I. M. Derkach ◽  
S. S. Derkach ◽  
I. O. Fritsky ◽  
M. O. Plutenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Excessive Load ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Clathrochelate Complexes

We studied the chronic toxicity of the compounds of Iron(iv). We monitored the dynamics of the body weight, relative weight coefficients of the internal organs, the content of the hemoglobin, the morphological parameters of blood, and biochemical parameters of serum of blood of quails after use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses 1/10 and 1/5 DL50 them for 30 days. Daily drinking of quails of experimental groups of solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes3 at the doses 76.43 and 152.86 mg/kg of body weight caused the reduction of body weight by 3 and 5% respectively on the thirtieth day. A tendency to increase the relative weight of the kidneys and to decrease the relative weight of the liver, heart and spleen showed an excessive load of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the internal organs of quails. Hemoglobin in the blood of the quails of the experimental groups was less by 2-34% (P 0.05) than the control indicator but the indicator of the number of erythrocytes in the quails of the control and experimental groups for 30 days was within the physiological values. The use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and short-term hypoglycemia in the serum of the blood of the quails of the experimental groups. Changes in an activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for 30 days were not expressed, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher compared to the control indicators during the experimental period. Drinking the solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused hypercreatinemia and hyperuricemia, which indicates a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidney glomeruli. We have seen an increase in the levels total Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus.

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