PSIX-8 Drinking water acidification and chlorination improves microbiological water quality without detrimental effects on performance or hazard side-effects in bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Marçal Verdú ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Joan Riera ◽  
Carles Medinya ◽  
Jordi Cucurull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drinking water disinfection (chlorination) and conditioning (acidification) on microbiological water quality, water and feed consumption, total tract apparent digestibility and its potential hazard effects on animal health in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Twenty-four Holstein bulls (221 ± 20.9 kg of initial BW, and 184 ± 9.9 d of age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Animals were assigned to 4 treatments with a 2 x 2 factorial design: drinking water conditioning (with or without acidification) and disinfection (absence or chlorination). Every 28 d, water samples from the tank and drinker were collected to analyze pH, residual chlorine and microbial load. Water consumption was recorded daily, and every 2 wks feed consumption and BW were recorded. At d 0, 14, 98 and 196 blood samples were collected to hematology and clinical chemistry analysis. At d 42 and 147 total tract apparent digestibility was estimated. Data were analyzed with a mixed effects model. In the tank, acidification increased residual free chlorine (0.58 vs. 0.33 ± 0.081 ppm, interaction, P = 0.10) and chlorination reduced (P < 0.01) total coliform count (0.8 vs. 392.7 ± 0.30 CFU / 100 ml) and Clostridium perfringens count (0.0 vs. 9.0 ± 0.13 CFU / 100 ml). In the drinkers, chlorination only tended (P = 0.10) to decrease total coliform count (967.5 vs. 994.7 ± 0.01 CFU / 100 ml). Treatments did not affect daily water consumption, total DMI nor blood parameters. At the end of the study, chlorination tended (P = 0.07) to improve starch total apparent digestibility (98.2 vs 97.7 ± 0.28 %). In fattening bulls’, the conditioning (acidification) and disinfection (chlorination) of drinking water improved its microbiological quality without detrimental effects on water and feed consumption, ruminal digestibility or hazard side-effects.

PSXIII-10 Effects of nitrate concentration in drinking water on water and feed consumption, total tract digestibility and health implications in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 462-462
Author(s):  
Marçal Verdú ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Joan Riera ◽  
Carles Medinya ◽  
Jordi Cucurull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration in drinking water on water and feed consumption, total tract apparent digestibility and its potential toxicity on animal health in fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls (161 ± 19.9 kg of initial BW, and 183 ± 25.3 d of age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Animals were assigned to 4 treatments according to nitrate concentration in drinking water: 0, 44, 110 and 220 mg / L. The different nitrate concentrations were achieved by the addition of different potassium nitrate 0.22 M doses. Water consumption and animal health status was recorded daily. Every 2 wks feed consumption, BW were recorded, and nitrate concentration in drinking water was analyzed by photometry. At d 0, 14, 112 and 168 blood samples were collected to determine ammonia and methemoglobin concentrations. At d 14 and 168 total tract apparent digestibility was estimated. Data were analyzed with a mixed effects model. Water consumption decreased (P < 0.05) when nitrate concentration in water was above ≥ 110 mg / L (30.2, 27.4, 24.4 and 26.4 ± 1.38 L/d for 0, 44, 110 and 220 mg/L nitrates in water, respectively). Water nitrate concentration did not affect serum ammonia and methemoglobin concentration (58.0 ± 2.17 µmol / L and 2.4 0.09 %, respectively). In addition, water nitrate concentration did not affect performance, total DMI, and nutrient digestibility. Drinking water for a long period with nitrate concentrations up to 110 mg/L did not have detrimental effects on performance and health. Beyond this threshold a reduction of water consumption of 16 % was observed and blood parameters (methemoglobin) and health registers did not indicate that the concentration of 220 mg/L of nitrates in drinking water may have health side-effects in fattening bulls fed high-concentrate diets.

Water Quality Violations and Avoidance Behavior: Evidence from Bottled Water Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Graff Zivin ◽  
Matthew Neidell ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of poor water quality on avoidance behavior by estimating the change in bottled water purchases in response to drinking water violations. Using data from a national grocery chain matched with water quality violations, we find an increase in bottled water sales of 22 percent from violations due to microorganisms and 17 percent from violations due to elements and chemicals. Back-of-the envelope calculations yield costs of avoidance behavior at roughly $60 million for all nationwide violations in 2005, which likely reflects a significant understatement of the total willingness to pay to eliminate violations.

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Chattogram City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Kanij Fatema Nishan ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin ◽  
Urmi Rani Devi ◽  
Sumiya Akter ◽  
Md. Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Chattogram is the second most populated city in Bangladesh. This port city faces a serious threat mainly due to the lack of safe drinking water. This study was conducted for determining drinking water quality of groundwater sources in Chattogram city. The study was performed in the BCSIR laboratory, Chattogram. It was carried out for a period of six months from 1st July, 2018 to 31th December, 2018. Total six water samples were collected from three different locations (Baluchora, C&B colony and Khulshi area). Each sampling location consists of two separate sampling points. Physicochemical parameters of the collected samples like Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solid (TDS), Hardness, Turbidity and concentration of Cl, As, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd were examined. Microbial parameters like Total Coliform (TC) were also measured. All the analyzed parameters compared with BSTI and WHO drinking water quality standards to understand the overall ground water quality status of the study area. The results reveal that water samples in almost all locations were contaminated with microbial contamination and that the range of physico-chemical parameters was not adequate for consumption. Preliminary treatments like boiling, filtering etc are required before using groundwater for drinking and the necessary measures must be taken for a safe alternative source of drinking water.

scholarly journals Sanitation and Water Quality in Port Harcourt Waterfront Settlements

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma ◽  
M. A. S. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Port Harcourt

Sanitation and water quality are a good measure to judge the living standard and health status of a community. This study focused on the assessment of surface and ground water resources from selected waterfront areas within Port Harcourt metropolis notable for their poor sanitary conditions as receptacles for domestic wastes. Surface water (river) and ground water samples were collected from Abuloma waterfront, Marine Base and Afikpo (Diobu) and their microbiological and physiochemical parameters determined using standard laboratory methods. The microbiological parameters analyzed include total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC), fecal coliform count, total coliform count, Salmonella count, Shigella count and Vibrio count. The physiochemical parameters monitored include pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The THBC ranged from 15x101cfu/ml to 1.3x102 cfu/ml; total coliform count ranged from 0 to 17cfu/ml; all the samples had no fecal coliform; the Salmonella count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml; the Shigella count ranged from 0 to 30cfu/ml and Vibrio count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml. The pH values ranged from 5.9-7.6; temperature from 27.5°C to 29.6°C; salinity from 0.012 mg/l to 0.379 mg/l; conductivity from 17.8 s/cm to 19370 s/cm; TDS from 12.3 mg/l to 13610 mg/l; DO from 2.41 mg/l -3.4mg/l, turbidity from 0.24 NTU to 1.11 NTU and BOD from 16 mg/l to 120 mg/l. The results obtained showed that the water resources are not safe and pose risk to human health. These findings highlight the need to improve the sanitary condition of waterfront areas and promote water treatment to ensure the health and safety of the public.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Desben Kogoya ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
L J Rumokoy ◽  
M N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Daily Gain

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken.

scholarly journals Characterizing a Newly Designed Steel-Wool-Based Household Filter for Safe Drinking Water Provision: Hydraulic Conductivity and Efficiency for Pathogen Removal

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé ◽  
Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep ◽  
Achille Nassi ◽  
Hans Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Steel Wool

This study characterizes the decrease of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability loss) of a metallic iron-based household water filter (Fe0 filter) for a duration of 12 months. A commercial steel wool (SW) is used as Fe0 source. The Fe0 unit containing 300 g of SW was sandwiched between two conventional biological sand filters (BSFs). The working solution was slightly turbid natural well water polluted with pathogens (total coliform = 1950 UFC mL−1) and contaminated with nitrate ([NO3−] = 24.0 mg L−1). The system was monitored twice per month for pH value, removal of nitrate, coliforms, and turbidity, the iron concentration, as well as the permeability loss. Results revealed a quantitative removal of coliform (>99%), nitrate (>99%) and turbidity (>96%). The whole column effluent depicted drinking water quality. The permeability loss after one year of operation was about 40%, and the filter was still producing 200 L of drinking water per day at a flow velocity of 12.5 L h−1. A progressive increase of the effluent pH value was also recorded from about 5.0 (influent) to 8.4 at the end of the experiment. The effluent iron concentration was constantly lower than 0.2 mg L−1, which is within the drinking-water quality standards. This study presents an affordable design that can be one-to-one translated into the real world to accelerate the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals for safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Total and Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water of Khairpur City

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussain Shar ◽  
Yasmeen F Kazi ◽  
Miandad Zardari ◽  
Irshad Hussain Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Health Organization

Total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria were analyzed in drinking water of Khairpur city. Ninty samples were collected from main reservoir (source), distribution line and consumer taps. pH and residual chlorine of water samples were also determined. For bacteriological analysis inductively membrane filtration (MF) method was used for total coliform (TC) as well as faecal (FC) coliform bacteria. All samples were found contaminated with total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) and the counts were higher than the maximum microbial contaminant level (MMCL) established by World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that pH was within the limits of WHO standard (6.5-8.5). The residual chlorine was not detected in any sample of drinking water. Bacteriologically the water quality of the drinking water is unsatisfactory.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, Water quality, Contamination, SanitationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1266

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Jus Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus) sebagai Feed Additive Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Ayam Broiler Fase Starter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Agustinus Gatot Murwanto ◽  
Sri Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of red fruit juice (RFJ) in drinking water on feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio and drinking water consumption of starter broiler chickens. A total of 100 broiler chickens (straight run) of 4 days old (Lohmann) were fed using commercial diets and given RFJ drinking water treatments as followed: P0 = drinking water 1000ml+0ml RFJ, P1=drinking water 900ml+100ml RFJ, P2=drinking water 800ml+200ml RFJ, and P3=drinking water 700ml+300ml RFJ.  During the experiment, the RFJ drinking water treatments were given in a sequential pattern of 3 days ON and 4 days OFF. The results showed that the RFJ drinking water treatments had no effect on feed consumption (P³0.05), but had an effect on BWG (P<0.05), feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), and drinking water consumption (P<0.05). The result of RFJ drinking water treatments on BWG, feed conversion ratio and drinking water consumption had the same pattern, namely the best results were obtained at 200 ml RFJ drinking water treatment and the worst at 300 ml RFJ drinking water treatment. In conclusion, the red fruit juice at a dose of 200 ml in 800 l of drinking water improved the performance of starter broiler chickens, whereas the red fruit juice at a dose of 300 ml in 700 ml of drinking water had no effect on feed consumption but had caused a decrease in the starter broiler chicken’s performance.  Keywords: Body weight gain; Feed conversion ratio; Red fruit juice; Starter broiler chickens   Abstrak  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus buah merah (JBM) dalam air minum terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), konversi ransum dan konsumsi air minum ayam broiler fase starter. Penelitian menggunakan 100 ekor ayam broiler (unsexing) strain Lohmann umur 4 hari  (BB awal 72,83 gram/ekor ± 1,03 dan CV 0,01) yang diberi pakan ransum komersial ad libitum dan air minum perlakuan JBM sebagai berikut: P0 = air minum 1000ml+0ml JBM, P1= air minum 900ml+100ml JBM, P2= air minum 800ml+200ml JBM, dan P3= air minum 700ml+300ml JBM. Selama penelitian, air minum perlakuan JBM diberikan mengikuti pola berurutan yaitu 3 hari ON dan 4 hari OFF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air minum perlakuan JBM tidak berpengaruh nyata pada konsumsi ransum (P³0,05), tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada PBB (P<0,05)  konversi ransum (P<0,05), dan konsumsi air minum (P<0,05).  Pengaruh perlakuan air minum JBM terhadap PBB, konversi ransum dan konsumsi air minum memperlihatkan hasil dengan pola yang sama yaitu terbaik pada perlakuan air minum JBM 200 ml dan terjelek pada perlakuan air minum JBM 300 ml. Kesimpulan, pemberian jus buah merah pada dosis 200 ml dalam 800 l air minum meningkatkan performa ayam broiler fase starter lebih baik dari perlakuan kontrol, sedangkan pemberian 300 ml jus buah merah dalam 700 ml air tidak berpengaruh pada konsumsi ransum tetapi sudah menyebabkan penurunan performa ayam broiler fase starter lebih rendah dari perlakuan kontrol.   Kata kunci: Ayam broiler fase starter; Jus buah merah; Konversi ransum; Pertambahan bobot badan      

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