180 Evaluation of soluble concentrated yeast product on sow and litter performance

Abstract Two hundred and forty sows (Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were started on study at 35 d post-breeding through lactation to determine the effects of soluble concentrated yeast product (Celmanax SCP, Arm and Hammer, Princeton, NJ) on sow and litter performance. Sows were fed their respective dietary treatments: 1) Control diet gestation x control diet lactation; 2) 0.01% Celmanax SCP in gestation x control diet lactation; 3) Control diet gestation x 0.02% Celmanax SCP in lactation; and 4) 0.01% Celmanax SCP in gestation x 0.02% Celmanax SCP in lactation. All diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) requirements and contained a feed disinfectant. Sows were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water in lactation. Litters were weighed after cross-fostering, 48 h post-farrow (after litter adjustments and cross-fostering) and at weaning. Sows were weighed entering farrowing and at weaning. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete parity block using PROC MIXED of SAS with sow as the experimental unit, treatment as a fixed effect, and parity as a random effect. There were detectable levels of fumonisin (2 ppm), vomitoxin (1.3 ppm) and zearalenone (243 ppb). There were no differences in sow feed intake or body weight loss (P > 0.10). There was a significant difference in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 for days between wean to estrus (5.99, 5.12, 4.90, 4.49; P = 0.01) and percent bred within 7 d (86.53, 97.06, 97.85, 100.00; P = 0.01), respectively. Average piglet wean weights (kg) were 5.82, 5.87, 5.93, 6.01; P = 0.02 for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Furthermore, there were no responses in piglet average daily gain or mortality (P > 0.10). The feeding of the soluble yeast product to sows does appear to improve subsequent breeding and litter performance.

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172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 61-62

Author(s):

Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽

Jose A Soto ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Corn Protein ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P < 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

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99 Evaluation of IFTA NBS Alone and in Combination with Zinc Oxide on Antibiotic Free Programs During Nursery

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 52-53

Author(s):

Gustavo Silva ◽

Brandon Knopf ◽

Beau A Peterson ◽

Julia Pie ◽

Carlos Domenech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Similar Weight ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of IFTA NBS on productive performance in pigs from nursery until the end of 1st grow-finish phase. Total of 1,200 pigs (PIC 337 x 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were allotted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and assigned to blocks based on weight and sex, random allocated to pens with 25 pigs/pen. Diet changes occurred in 4 phases: N1 lasting 7 days, N2 14 days, N3 21 days and F1 21 days. Animals were random assigned to 4 treatments: T1) zinc oxide (ZnO) during N1 (3000 ppm) and N2 (2500 ppm) with no antibiotics; T2) carbadox at 50 g/ton in N1 and N2; T3) IFTA NBS at 500 g/ton during N1, N2 and N3; and T4) IFTA NBS at 500 g/ton during N1, N2 and N3 along with ZnO in N1 (3000 ppm) and N2 (2500 ppm). Treatments were fed a common diet during F1. Outcomes were analyzed as RCBD using SAS PROC GLIMMIX with pen as experimental unit, treatment as main effect and block as random effect. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in weights and average daily gain (ADG) between T2 and T3 during N2. Significant differences on average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed between T1 and T2 vs. T3 during N2, and between T2 and T3 during N3. During nursery period (N1-N3), ADG and ADFI were different (P < 0.05) between T2 and T3. By the end of the trial, a significant difference in gain:feed between T2 and T3 was detected. Under the conditions of this study, IFTA NBS in combination with ZnO could replace carbadox as it obtained similar weight and FCR during nursery. In addition, the response on gain:feed during the first grow-finish phase deserves further investigation since suggests a beneficial residual effect of IFTA NBS.

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127 Effect of feed sweetener and feed flavor on growth performance of weanling pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 108-108

Author(s):

Charmaine D Espinosa ◽

Xixi Chen ◽

Yan Lei ◽

Jirong Lv ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Watery Diarrhea ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Feeding Program ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that feed flavor and feed sweetener improve growth performance of weanling pigs. One hundred twenty-eight pigs (5.97 ± 0.55 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments with 4 pigs per pen and 8 pen replicates per diet. A 3-phase feeding program was used. In all phases, a control diet was formulated based on corn and soybean meal, and 3 additional diets were formulated by adding feed flavor (500 mg/kg), feed sweetener (150 mg/kg), or their combination to the control diet. Fecal scores were visually assessed using a score from 1 to 5 (1 = normal feces to 5 = watery diarrhea). Experimental diets were fed to pigs for 6 wk. Data were analyzed using SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and replicate was the random effect. Results indicated that overall average daily feed intake (ADFI) was greater (P < 0.05) and overall average daily gain (ADG) tended to be greater (P < 0.10) for pigs fed the diet containing feed sweetener compared with pigs fed the control diet (Table 1). The observed improvements in ADG and ADFI also resulted in greater (P < 0.05) final body weight for pigs fed the feed sweetener diet compared with pigs fed the control diet. Inclusion of feed flavor, feed sweetener, or the combination of feed flavor and sweetener in diets did not affect fecal scores of pigs, but inclusion of feed flavor resulted in reduced overall frequency of diarrhea (P = 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of feed sweetener improved growth performance and feed flavor supplementation to diets ameliorated post-weaning diarrhea of weanling pigs from d 1 to 42.

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PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 238-238

Author(s):

Olivia Harrison ◽

Samantha Tauer ◽

Brent Frederick

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Bioactive Proteins ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Key Factor ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P > 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

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349 The use of low antioxidant mineral concentrations in the growing diet as a method to increase marbling deposition in feedlot cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 141-142

Author(s):

Jerad R Jaborek ◽

Alejandro E Relling

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Random Effect ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The presence of reactive oxygen species has been associated with the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into lipid filled mature adipocytes in vitro. We hypothesized offering a diet without supplemental antioxidant minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) to steers during the growing phase, a time when intramuscular fat cells are believed to be proliferating, would promote differentiation of pre-adipocytes, leading to more desirable marbling scores compared with steers supplemented to meet their mineral requirements. After adaptation to the feedlot, 168 Sim-Angus steers were divided into four weight blocks, placed in one of twenty-four pens, and randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were: 1) no supplemental (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) minerals; 2) control diet with supplemented minerals to meet the mineral requirements of growing beef steers (NRC, 2016); 3) Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se concentrations supplemented at twice the concentration of the control diet. After dietary treatments were applied for the 4-wk long growing phase, steers were offered a common finishing diet until reaching a similar backfat thickness until harvest. Feedlot performance and carcass data were analyzed in SAS with pen as the experimental unit in the following model: Yij = μ+Di+wj+eij, where Di was the fixed effect of diet, wj was the random effect of weight block, and eij was the random error. No significant (P > 0.35) treatment effects were found for feedlot performance and carcass measurements. The feedstuffs in the basal diet may have contained sufficient concentrations of antioxidant minerals to meet the mineral requirements of the steers and mask differences in marbling. Additionally, offering a similar diet during the finishing period may have resulted in compensatory marbling growth, which offset marbling differences after the growing phase and resulted in uniform marbling accumulation across dietary treatments.

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PSIII-14 Performance differences between two groups of commercial pigs following experimental infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) virus 1-7-4

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.292 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 165-166

Author(s):

Erin Little ◽

Jenelle Dunkelberger ◽

Dan Hanson ◽

John Eggert ◽

Michael Gonda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Standard Index ◽

Performance Differences ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is the costliest swine disease of North America. Vaccines and management alone have not been effective at controlling this disease and genetic selection may be a complimentary approach to controlling PRRSv-infection. The objective of this study was to estimate performance differences between two groups of pigs from the same commercial line following infection with PRRSv 1-7-4: 1) pigs sired by boars selected based on a standard index (STD), which emphasizes feed efficiency and carcass quality; and 2) pigs sired by boars selected based on an experimental index (EXP), with emphasis on feed intake, piglet vitality, and robustness. Pigs (n~730 per group) were housed in a commercial research wean-to-finish barn. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were recorded from birth-to-slaughter. At weaning, pigs were placed in pens by group and balanced by sex. To facilitate collection of feed intake data, the experimental unit was pen, with 27 pens representing each group. Four weeks post-wean, all pigs were experimentally infected with 2mL of 1-7-4 PRRSv at 3.5 logs of TCID50 per mL. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear mixed model with group (STD or EXP) as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. No significant difference was detected between groups for wean-to-finish or 0 to 42 days post-infection (dpi) ADG. The ADFI was 0.06 kg/day greater for the EXP group than the STD group from 0 to 42 dpi (P = 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.03 (P = 0.03) less for the EXP group from wean-to-finish and 0 to 42 dpi, respectively. Pigs sired by boars selected using the experimental index showed no significant difference in ADG, but had greater ADFI post-challenge, while pigs sired by boars selected based on the standard index had significantly better FC.

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Etude Préliminaire De La Valorisation Des Tourteaux D’hévéa, D’anacarde Et De Pourghère Chez Les Porcs Durant La Gestation Et La Lactation

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n30p11 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (30) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Kone Gningnini Alain ◽

KouakouN’Goran David Vincent ◽

Angbo-KouakouCho Euphrasie Monique ◽

Kouame Kouadio Bertin ◽

Yeboue François de Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Average Weight ◽

Persistent Diarrhea ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pig Feed ◽

Daily Gain

The enhancement the cake of cashew kernels downgraded (Anacardium occidentale) (TA), the detoxified cake of kernels rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) (TH) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) (TJ) in pig feed, was study on 21 pregnant gilts (73.4±8.1 kg). These females randomly distributed by group of three, received control diet (RT) and six other diets containing 7.5% or 15% of TA (RTA7.5 and RTA15), 7.5% or 15% of TH (RTH7.5 and RTH15) or 7.5% or 15% of TJ (RTJ7.5 and RTJ15). During the trial of 152 days, gilts under RTJ15 regime and two gilts under RTJ7.5 regime were withdrawn after respectively 14 and 21 days’ supply due to a persistent diarrhea. The latest gilt under RTJ7.5 had aborted at 90 days of gestation. No significant difference was observed on the average litter size (9.2 piglets). The average weight of piglets at birth ranged from 1.3±0.2 kg (RTA15) and 1.1±0.2 kg (RTH7.5), while the average daily gain (ADG) of

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PSII-13 Supplemental Effects of Unrefined Fish Oil, Powdered/Coated Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Growth Performance in Weaner Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 164-166

Author(s):

Santi Devi Upadhaya ◽

Hyun Ju Park ◽

Inho Kim ◽

Hong Ik Jung ◽

Yanjiao Li

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Average Body ◽

Fecal Score

Abstract A total of 18 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of (within 24 h after farrowing) were used for a 5- week experiment to determine the effects of varying dietary Valine, Lysine (V:L) ratios on performance and fecal score in lactating sows and litters. Sows were raised in individual pens, and assigned to one of three experimental diets consisting different concentration of Valine, Lysine ratios (0.83%, 0.85% and 0.88%). sows body weight was significantly improved by 0.85% valine and lysine ratio compared to 0.85% and 0.88%. However, no significant difference were observed on sows body weight loss, back fat thickness, average daily feed intake and days to return to estrus of sows during the three experiment period. In addition, growth performance of piglet weaning weight were significantly improved by 0.85% valine and lysine ratio compared to 0.85% and 0.88%. Morever, piglet average daily gain was significantly increased 0.88% valine and lysine ratio compared to 0.83% and 0.85%. The three dietary treatments had a significant differences (P>0.05) on fecal score of sows, farrowing and 14 d old age piglets were significantly observed by valine and lisiune ratio. In conclusion, Valine, Lysine had no positive effects on the fecal score of sows and litter during lactation and also no positive effect on gut and its microflora.

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PSII-20 Evaluation of Different Vitamin Concentrations in a Commercial Wean-to-Finish Program

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 170-171

Author(s):

Robyn Thompson ◽

Brandon Knopf ◽

Carine Vier ◽

Ning Lu ◽

Wayne Cast ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different vitamin concentrations on growth performance of wean-to-finish pigs under commercial conditions. A total of 900 barrows and gilts (PIC337×Camborough; initially 5.34±0.13 kg) were used in a 136-d growth trial with 25 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets were fed in 3 phases during nursery (5-6, 6-13, and 13-26 kg) and 5 phases during grow-finish (26-44, 44-65, 65-87, 87-108, and 108-128 kg). Dietary treatments consisted of: 1) NRC: vitamin concentrations following NRC (2012) recommendations; 2) PIC: vitamin concentrations following PIC (2016) recommendations; 3) Low-PIC: vitamin concentrations that ranged from 0 to 91% of PIC recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. During the nursery period, pigs fed PIC and Low-PIC diets had greater (P< 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to pigs fed NRC diets. There was no evidence (P >0.10) for differences in average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F). During the grow-finish period, there was no evidence (P >0.10) for differences in growth performance. During the overall wean-to-finish period, pigs fed PIC diets had lower (P< 0.05) ADG and final body weight compared to pigs fed NRC and Low-PIC diets. There was no evidence (P >0.10) for differences in ADFI or G:F. Pigs fed PIC diets had the greatest serum vitamin D3 at the end of nursery and finish periods (P< 0.05) and the greatest serum Vitamin E at the end of nursery period (P< 0.05). In summary, pigs fed PIC and Low-PIC diets had greater nursery feed intake and serum vitamin E and D3 concentrations compared to pigs fed NRC diets. Data from this study have demonstrated that pigs fed diets with reduced vitamin concentrations compared to PIC (2016) recommendations had improved wean-to-finish growth rate.

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403 Using ruminally protected and unprotected Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers: growth performance and antimicrobial resistance

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 162-163

Author(s):

YiZhao Shen ◽

Tao Ran ◽

Atef Saleem ◽

Claudia Narveaz ◽

Walaa Gomaa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; NaturSafe® and Original XPC™, Diamond V) on growth performance and antimicrobial resistance in beef steers. Ninety Angus steers (initial BW=533±9.8 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 6 treatments: 1) control (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), 2–4) control diet with 12, 15 and 18 g/d NaturSafe, 5) control diet with 8 g/d encapsulated XPC (eXPC), and 6) control diet with antibiotics (ANT; 330 mg/d monensin and 110 mg/d tylosin). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of steers. Though the final BW (715 kg) and DMI (12.0 kg/d) were not affected by treatments, average daily gain tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers supplemented with eXPC compared with control (1.80 vs. 1.62 kg/d) with a trend (P < 0.09) for a linear increase in gain: feed with increasing NaturSafe. The proportion of total abscessed liver did not differ among treatments (58.9%), but the proportion of severely abscessed liver tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in cattle supplemented with 15 and 18 g NaturSafe/d, eXPC and antibiotics (20.0, 20.0, 20.0 and 6.7 vs. 53.3%). The percentage of erythromycin resistant and erythromycin + tetracycline resistant Enterococci increased (P < 0.05) in steers receiving antibiotics compared with control and SCFP group (34.57 vs. 4.28 and 6.88%), while no difference was observed between control and SCFP groups. These results indicate that NaturSafe and eXPC were beneficial in improving the growth performance by increasing average daily gain and feed efficiency. Both NaturSafe and eXPC could potentially act as alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics.

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