Arthropod Invasions Versus Soybean Production in Brazil: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1591-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Pozebon ◽  
Rafael P Marques ◽  
Guilherme Padilha ◽  
Matthew O´Neal ◽  
Ivair Valmorbida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Soybean Pest ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Soybean production in Brazil has been markedly affected by invasions of non-native arthropod species that feed on the crop, severely impacting biodiversity, food security, health, and economic development. Data on soybean production losses and increase in insecticide usage over the last two decades have not been explored in association with past invasion events, and the dynamics underlying the recent blitz of invasive species into Brazil remain largely unclear. We provide a review of arthropod invasions in the Brazilian soybean agroecosystem since 1990, indicating that the introductions of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are likely correlated with periods of increase in insecticide usage for soybean production. Using these three cases as examples, we review factors that could lead to increased likelihood of future invasions by particular pests, outlining four possible criteria to evaluate potential invasiveness of non-native arthropods: likelihood of entry, likelihood of establishment, biological features of the species, and availability of control measures. Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Aphis glycines (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhynca) are examples of highly damaging soybean pests, related to one or more of these factors, that could be introduced into Brazil over the next years and which could lead to problematic scenarios. Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnter) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) also meets these criteria and has successfully invaded and colonized Brazilian soybean fields in recent years. Our review identifies current issues within soybean pest management in Brazil and highlights the need to adopt management measures to offset future costs and minimize lost revenue.

scholarly journals Seaweed aquaculture: a preliminary assessment of biosecurity measures for controlling the ice-ice syndrome and pest outbreaks of a Kappaphycus farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cicilia S. B. Kambey ◽  
Iona Campbell ◽  
Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook ◽  
Adibi R. M. Nor ◽  
Azhar Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Seaweed Aquaculture ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe application of biosecurity in seaweed aquaculture plays an important role in reducing the impact of disease and pest outbreaks. The continuous occurrence of seaweed pests including the macroalgal epiphytes, epi-endophytic filamentous algae and biofilms on Kappaphycus farms may also potentially induce further incidences of the ice-ice syndrome. In this study, on-farm biosecurity management measures were tested on the commercially grown seaweeds Kappaphycus malesianus and Kappaphycus alvarezii during peak ice-ice season at Gallam-Gallam Village, Sabah, Malaysia. The investigation was focused on preventative control measures including the early detection of the ice-ice syndrome and pests through propagule health checks, regular cleaning of the crop thallus and associated long-line ropes and monitoring of the environment. Farm procedures and practices were also assessed in terms of their biosecurity ‘risk’ using the hazard analysis and critical control point (HCCAP) approach. Observations were replicated in two different farm management systems; one system adopted routine biosecurity measures and the other had no biosecurity measures. The results showed that the ice-ice syndrome and pest outbreak was significantly decreased by 60–75% for K. malesianus and 29–71% for K. alvarezii at the farm which adopted the routine biosecurity measures compared with the no biosecurity treatment. The biosecurity measures also significantly improved growth rate and seaweed quality. The infection levels of the epi-endophyte Melanothamnus sp. contributed to the ice-ice syndrome in K. malesianus, whilst the epiphyte coverage was correlated to the ice-ice incidence in K. alvarezii. This study provides the first evidence of biosecurity management measures significantly decreasing the incidence of the ice-ice syndrome and pests on a commercial seaweed farm.

RELATION BETWEEN POD DAMAGE CAUSED BY LARVAE OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), AND YIELD LOSS, SHELLING, AND SEED QUALITY IN CANOLA

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Control Decision ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Army Worm ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractCanola plants in 0.84-m2 field plots were exposed to 120 bertha army worm larvae per square metre, beginning at mid 5th instar, for increasing durations. Yield loss increased with feeding duration throughout the feeding period whereas the proportion of pods damaged increased rapidly at first then leveled at 45%. Pod damage was negatively correlated with plot yield but the regression was not statistically significant. More seed shelled from plants with damaged pods than from plants with no pod damage under field conditions simulating drying in the swath. Seed from damaged pods had greater proportions of green and broken seeds causing lower seed grade and these defects were evident in seed from plots with 21% or more damaged pods. Although control measures for bertha armyworm should not be undertaken before pod damage is observed, a control decision should be made before 20% of the pods are damaged.

Mathematical analysis of a time-delayed model on brucellosis transmission with disease testing information

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050039
Author(s):  
Qiang Hou ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Maoxing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Stability Of Equilibria ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Information Delay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Delayed Model

Testing–culling is one of the important prevention and control measures considered in the study of animal infectious diseases. However, the process of finding infected animals (animal testing) is still not well studied through the kinetic model. In this paper, based on the characteristics of animal testing, a time-delayed model on brucellosis transmission is established. Under the general hypothesis of biological significance, the existence and stability of equilibria are first investigated. The results find that the global stability of equilibria depends on the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] without the information delay: if [Formula: see text], the disease dies out; if [Formula: see text], the endemic equilibrium exists and the disease persists. Next, the impact of information delay on the dynamics of the model is analyzed and Hopf bifurcation is found in the established model when the information delay is greater than a critical value. Finally, the theoretical results are then further explained through numerical analysis and the significance of these results for the development of risk management measures is elaborated.

Analysis and Recommendations of Administrative Management Measures to Control Environmental Pollutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2566-2570
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Fang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Improvement Measures

Pollution problem has become a major social problem, and its existence affects the quality of our life and limits a higher level of economic development. How to better control pollutions has become a more serious practical problem before us. In this paper, firstly, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of main pollution control measures in the aspects of sewage charges, tradable discharge permit system, subsidies and mandatory technique and so on, and then describes the basic policy of environmental protection, pointing out that the performance of the environmental management policies and systems shows more and more in adaptation and gap, in which not only the environmental economic policies and systems are not perfect, with a low environmental efficiency, but also the entire environmental management system does not meet the needs of the current situation. Finally, it aims at the current status of pollution control in China, through a multi-perspective analysis of improvement measures in the hope of helping the pollution control in China.

Water and Salt Regulation Mode of Soil Salinization Based on Change of Land Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2551-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Biao Gu ◽  
Li Juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Movement Tendency

Soil Salinization poses a potential threat to human health, socio-economic development, national food security, local ecological environment, and also leads to substantial risks. Therefore, non-engineering and engineering control measures are required to reduce the risks and hazard levels. To achieve the goal, the nature of factors, which affect the salinity formation whether it can be regulated or not, had been first made a thorough analysis. Then the combined control mode which was water and salt regulation management simulation model of soil salinization based on change of land utilization had been put into pratice in Songyuan irrigated district. The specific process is as follows: under the premise of land utilization re-adjustment, three-dimensional hydrogeological numerical model was used as a tool to evaluate the distribution ratio of surface water and groundwater, taking the water table changes as clues to achieve the goal that verifies the mode of soil salinization in Songyuan irrigated district, and can forecast the water and salt movement tendency. On the other hand, from the perspective of critical groundwater depth of soil salinization to analyze its variation trend, different management measures were suggested. The research results showed that the mode of regulation can effectively head off the deterioration of salinization, and taking environmental and economic benefits into account, it can also provide basis for scientific amelioration and field management for saline soil.

scholarly journals Moving-average based index to timely evaluate the current epidemic situation after COVID-19 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Yun-ting ◽  
Wang Xiao-jin ◽  
He Hao ◽  
Zhai Jing ◽  
Wang Bing-shun
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

[ABSTRACT]A pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and then spread rapidly to the whole country. A total of 81,498 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 3,267 deaths (4.0%) had been reported in China by March 22, 2020, meanwhile, 210,644 laboratory-confirmed cases and 9,517 deaths (4.5%) were reported outside China. Common symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia included fever, fatigue and dry cough. In face of such a sudden outbreak of emerging novel infectious diseases, we have no history to learn from and no evidence to count on. Traditional models often predict inconsistent results. There is an urgent need to establish a practical data-driven method to predict the evolutionary trend of the epidemic, track and prejudge the current epidemic situation after the COVID-19 outbreak. Here we propose a simple, directly and generally applicable index and we name it ‘epidemic evaluation index’ (EEI), which is constructed by 7-day moving average of the log-transformed daily new cases (LMA). EEI could be used to support the decision-making process and epidemic prevention and control strategies through the evaluation of the current epidemic situation. First, we used SARS epidemic data from Hong Kong in 2003 to verify the practicability of the new index, which shows that the index is acceptable. The EEI was then applied to the COVID-19 epidemic situation analysis. We found that the trend direction of different districts in China changed on different date during the epidemic. At the national level and at local Hubei Province level, the epidemic both peaked on February 9. While the peak occurred relatively earlier, i.e. on February 5 in other provinces. It demonstrated the effectiveness of decisive action and implementations of control measures made by Chinese governments. While local governments should adjust management measures based on local epidemic situation. Although the epidemic has eased since late February, continued efforts in epidemic control are still required to prevent transmission of imported cases in China. However, the global COVID-19 epidemic outside China continues to expand as indicated by the EEI we proposed. Currently, efforts have been made worldwide to combat the novel coronavirus pandemic. People all over the world should work together and governments of all countries should take efficient measures in the light of Chinas experience and according to national circumstances and local conditions.

scholarly journals Determining the Authenticity of Shark Meat Products by DNA Sequencing

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Patrizia Marchetti ◽  
Anna Mottola ◽  
Roberta Piredda ◽  
Giuseppina Ciccarese ◽  
Angela Di Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Species Specific

Given that the global shark meat market is poised to grow in future years, the aim of this study was to use DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (NADH2) mitochondrial genes to examine the market of shark meat products in Italy. This made it possible to analyze patterns of species utilization and commercialization of threatened, endangered and/or prohibited species, focusing on fraudulent activities in the shark food chain in order to propose seafood safety and environmental sustainability solutions. The study shows that the labeling of shark meat products generally lacks comprehensive information, thus making it difficult for consumers to make informed purchasing decisions and fails to comply with European Union (EU) legislation regarding seafood labelling. Molecular investigation reveals a high mislabeling rate (45.4%), highlighting widespread use of cheaper species either in order to replace species that are better known and more popular, or else in order to sell various threatened species. Considering that seafood mislabeling can circumvent the management of sustainable fisheries and facilitate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, the routine use of genetic analysis should be encouraged among control and enforcement agencies in order to implement effective management measures. This would help to build a species-specific reporting system for all catches, and enhance control measures, in order to prevent illegal activities connected with shark catches and trade around the world.

Novel proteinase inhibitor from the hemolymph of soybean pest Anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidóptera: Noctuidae): Structural modeling and enzymatic kinetic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan D. Rios‐Díez ◽  
Yaremis Meriño‐Cabrera ◽  
Neilier Rodrigues Silva‐Junior ◽  
Rafael Almeida Barros ◽  
João Aguilar de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Soybean Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals New approaches to disease vector control in the context of sustainable development

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bos
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Management Measures

Faced with problems that are specific to the health sector and ones associated with issues of sustainability, programmes for the control of vector-borne diseases are increasingly resorting to environmental management measures to reduce populations of disease vectors as pan of an integrated control approach. The broader problems on the interface between environment and development that need to be addressed in the context of vector control include accelerated development of natural resources, demographic changes in rural populations and rapid urbanization. Disease vectors need to be recognized as biological risk factors to human health in the environment, and for a sustainable implementation of vector control measures, these should be made an integral pan of the development process. This requires modifications in the policy framework, expansion of our knowledge base, development of operational methods and techniques and a shift in emphasis in training and education.

scholarly journals Air Environment Pollution and Management Measures at Bulk Terminals

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02037
Author(s):  
Lei Sun ◽  
Shoushui Yu ◽  
Yan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Environment Control

In order to comprehensively evaluate the air pollution control status of bulk terminals, the atmospheric environment control measures and effects of Qingdao port Qiangang company in Shandong Province were studied. By means of field survey, monitoring and data analysis, the present situation of atmospheric environment of the research object was analyzed quantitatively, and compared with the national standards. The research results show that the atmospheric environment and main characteristic pollutants at the boundary of the terminal operation area meet the standard requirements under the premise of using spray, cover, windbreak and other management measures during the monitoring period.

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