Trait Vulnerability Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Gerlovina
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Lgbt Issues ◽  
History Of

This chapter is devoted to the detailed assessment of the trait vulnerability component of imminent suicide risk. Demographic, clinical historic, biological, and cultural aspects of trait vulnerability are discussed in dedicated sections. The demographics section includes age, gender, ethnicity, and LGBT issues. The clinical history section addresses history of mental illness, history of suicide attempts, childhood trauma, parenting style, and attachment style. The biological traits section describes impulsivity, hopelessness and pessimism, perfectionism, fearlessness, and pain insensitivity. The cultural section includes cultural attitudes, immigration, moral philosophy and religious objections or lack thereof, regional affiliation within the United States, suicide in the family, suicide exposure, and suicide clusters. The chapter concludes with case examples and a test case.

American Policy in Gifted Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce VanTassel-Baska
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Gifted Program ◽  
History Of

This article explores the history of gifted education policy and practice in the United States over the last five decades, documenting the lack of sustained progress in obtaining sustained federal support. It also highlights two case examples, one at the state level and a second at the national level of where a policy in a specific aspect of gifted program development has been successfully advanced. Implications of the article suggest that gifted education policy is not coherent across the country, is controlled by state legislatures, and subject to annual scrutiny for continued and new funding.

Psycho-Oncology: Cancer patients with past suicide attempts, or a family history of suicide.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23173-e23173
Author(s):  
Daniela Gercovich ◽  
Ernesto Gil Deza ◽  
Flavio Tognelli ◽  
Carlos Fernando Garcia Gerardi ◽  
Claudia Lorena Acuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Risk

e23173 Background: “The suicide rate in cancer patients is twice that observed in the general population in the United States” (JNCI vol 100, 24, page 1750, 2008). This paper focuses ona population with great psychological risk: cancer patients (Pt) with previous suicide attempts (SA) or a family history of suicide (FS); both grouped under SAFS for the purpose of this study. Methods: Between 9/26/2012 and 11/28/2018 all new patients (Pt) admitted to IOHM filled out a Past Medical History Form (PMHF) (ASCO 2013 ABST. e17539) with their preexisting clinical conditions. The database was locked and anonymized. Those with a history of SAFS before cancer diagnosis were selected. Results: Out of 15,617 Pt, 184 Pt (1.2%) were SAFS(141 Pt were SA, 39 Pt were FS and 4 Pt were both). The relative risk ofSA was ten times larger for those with FS. Psychiatric Medication: Antipsychotics: 15Pt (8%), Antidepressants: 23 Pt (12%) and Benzodiazepines 45 Pt(24%), No treatment 101 Pt (55%). Population Characteristics: Sex: F:144 Pt . M: 40 Pt. Age: 56y (r = 26-88). Tumor Dx: Breast (65 Pt ) - Gastrointestinal (24 Pt) - Urological (21 Pt ) - Lung (21 Pt ) -Gynecological (19 Pt) - Hematological (11 Pt) -Head &Neck (8 Pt) - Endocrine (7 Pt) - Other (8 Pt). Stages: Early (0-I-II-III): 130 Pt, Advanced: 54 Pt. Ob-Gyn history:25 Pt (17%) nulliparous, 18 Pt (12%) with one child, 77 Pt (53%) with 2 or 3 children and 24 Pt (17%) with more than 3 children; 62 Pt (43%) had previous abortions. Average severe comorbidities (respiratory and psychiatric) was 3 per Pt (r = 0-18). Toxic habits: Smoking: 120 Pt (65%), Alcohol: 37 Pt (20%) and Illicit Drugs: 4 Pt (2%). Follow-up: 19 months (r = 0-70). No Pt had any SA, or commited suicide, during the follow-up.Living patients:177 (96%). Conclusions: 1) In our vast cohort, 184 Pt (1.2%) were identified as highly vulnerable psychiatric Pt due to SAFS. 2) Given the high psychological risk and stressful cancer diagnosis, 83 Pt (45%) were prescribed psychiatric drugs. 3) Follow-up of SAFS Pt by a multidisciplinary team is requiredfor adequate Pt and family support.

"SUICIDE" AS SEEN IN POISON CONTROL CENTERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-922
Author(s):  
Matilda S. McIntire ◽  
Carol R. Angle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
History Of

Of 1,103 cases of poisoning, ages 6 to 18, admitted to 50 poison control centers during 1 year, 13% were considered unintentional, 13% "trips," 26% suicide attempts, and 48% suicide gestures or affect reactions. The youngest age group, 6 to 10, is 63% male, 40% Negro, and about one-half give a history of precipitating stress or current or prior referral for behavior problems. The abrupt increase in self-poisoning in girls at age 12 peaks at age 16, while male paisonings continue to increase with age. An admittedly immature concept of death was retained by 16% of the 17 to 18-year-olds. In the five deaths (mortality 1: 220 hospitalized self-poisonings), lethality of intent was presumed low with death the result of a toxicologic mishap. The estimate of about 115,000 self-poisonings annually in the United States, ages 6 to 18, defines a mental health problem of the first magnitude, but open to epidemiologic analysis by relatively simple techniques.

Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epileptiform Seizures

Psychogenic non-epileptiform seizures (PNES) are a common condition that affects over 400,000 individuals within the United States. PNES are a challenging entity in modern medicine, for they are located at the interface between neurology and psychiatry regarding clinical presentation and pathophysiology. The experiences and symptomatology of the patients resemble those associated with epileptic seizure activity, however many patients present with co-occurring psychiatric comorbidity. A combination of video-electroencephalography and a concise, welldocumented clinical history of the event helps in a definitive clinical diagnosis of PNES. Measuring the levels of serum prolactin may prove useful as an adjunctive laboratory test in diagnosing PNES. Management of PNES involves prompt patient education regarding the condition and treating the psychiatric comorbidity as well. A combined approach of both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions helps in the optimal treatment of PNES.

The Conceptual and Anthropological History of Bat Mitzvah

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hizky Shoham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
History Taking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bat Mitzvah ◽  
Anthropological History

This article aims to form a conversation between conceptual history and anthropological history, taking bat mitzvah, the coming-of-age ceremony for Jewish girls, as a test case. The term is shown to have two main conceptual meanings: first, the new religious status that a Jewish girl acquires—that of an adult obligated by the precepts of Jewish law—and second, the event or ritual marking this milestone. The close examination of the concept’s various meanings in different Jewish languages tracks its development from its hesitant beginnings in the nineteenth century to its emergence as a key concept that refers to a central ceremony in the Jewish world of the twentieth century. From that point, the article follows the two lexical paths that bat mitzvah has traveled, in the United States and in Israel, and highlights a basic anthropological difference in the ceremony’s social function.

scholarly journals Affective Temperaments and Clinical Course of Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Study of Differences among Patients with and without a History of Violent Suicide Attempts

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fico ◽  
Caivano ◽  
Zinno ◽  
Carfagno ◽  
Steardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Type I ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of death in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD). In particular, the high mortality rate is due to violent suicide attempts. Several risk factors associated with suicide attempts in patients with BD have been identified. Affective temperaments are associated with suicidal risk, but their predictive role is still understudied. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between affective temperaments and personal history of violent suicide attempts. Materials and Methods: 74 patients with Bipolar Disorder type I (BD-I) or II (BD-II) were included. All patients filled in the short version of Munster Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (short TEMPS-M) and the Temperament and Character Inventory, revised version (TCI-R). The sample was divided into two groups on the basis of a positive history for suicidal attempts and the suicidal group was further divided into two subgroups according to violent suicide attempts. Results: Violent suicide attempts were positively associated with the cyclothymic temperament and inversely to the hyperthymic one. BD-I patients and patients with a clinical history of rapid cycling were significantly more represented in the group of patients with a history of violent suicide attempts. Conclusions: Our study highlights that several clinical and temperamental characteristics are associated with violent suicide attempts, suggesting the importance of affective temperaments in the clinical management of patients with BPI.

scholarly journals Depression, Suicidal Ideation and the Big Five Personality Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Aim: This study explored the association of the Big Five personality traits (OCEAN: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) with current depression and a history of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Methods: A sample of 115 undergraduate students in the United States was administered measures of the Beck Depression Inventory, and the 15-item Big Five personality Inventory. The students were also asked whether they had ever thought about suicide in the past and whether they had ever-attempted suicide in the past. Results: Four of the Big Five personality trait scores (conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) were associated with depression scores, accounting for 36% of the variance in depression scores. Among the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism was positively associated with depression, while conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness were negatively associated with depression. Conclusions: The Big Five personality traits scores did not predict a history of suicide attempts in the sample of American students, but neuroticism scores were associated with a history of suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals Are suicide attempts by young Latinas a cultural idiom of distress?

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis H. Zayas ◽  
Lauren E. Gulbas
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Idioms Of Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Hispanic Females ◽  
Ataque De Nervios ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Idiom Of Distress ◽  
History Of

The high rates of suicide attempts among adolescent Hispanic females in the United States have been well established by epidemiological and clinical studies. In this paper, we review the research history of Latina suicide attempts and their characteristics. Then we apply multi-faceted conceptual and empirical criteria found in the anthropological and psychiatric literature about cultural idioms of distress to the suicide attempts of young Latinas. We contrast the suicide-attempt phenomenon to the well-known ataque de nervios and propose that the phenomenon may reflect a developmental or cultural variant of the ataque. The attempt-as-idiom proposition is intended to invite discussion that can deepen our understanding of the cultural roots of the suicide attempts and their possible designation as cultural idiom. Establishing the meaning of suicide attempts within a cultural perspective can assist psychological and psychiatric research and clinical interventions.

A History of Achievement Testing in the United States Or: Explaining the Persistence of Inadequacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Hutt ◽  
Jack Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Education ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standardized Achievement Tests

Background/Context For more than a century, standardized achievement tests have been a feature of American education. Throughout that time, critics of standardized tests have argued that their use has detrimental effects on students, schools, and curriculum. Despite these critiques, the number and uses of standardized tests have increased steadily. Though a great deal of research has focused on the technical design of tests, the history of individual tests, and general critiques of testing, there is little research that helps explain the continued use of standardized tests in American education despite near constant criticism. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This article develops a framework for understanding a basic paradox in the history of standardized testing in American education: the durability of standardized testing in the face of persistent criticism. Seeking to address this paradox, the article asks why tests have persisted and proliferated even though students dislike taking tests, educators believe that tests distort the learning process, and experts challenge the validity of test results. Research Design This article involves a historical analysis of structural and cultural aspects of American education that help explain the particular uses and durability of testing. Conclusions/Recommendations First, we identify three master critiques of standardized tests: distortion, waste, and misclassification. We find that, despite these persistent critiques, four important contextual features of the American education system help explain the continuous hold that standardized tests have had on American education: that the American education system is decentralized, avowedly meritocratic, publicly funded, and central to aspirations of upward mobility. These contextual factors, along with the historically contingent development of testing expertise, testing culture, and development of testing infrastructure, provide a framework for understanding the persistence of testing. Together, these factors create a dynamic system in which critiques of tests lead not to the elimination of testing, but to its further elaboration and evolution.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt Among Adolescents in Western Jamaica

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omobolawa Y. Kukoyi ◽  
Faisal M. Shuaib ◽  
Sheila Campbell-Forrester ◽  
Lisabeth Crossman ◽  
Pauline E. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Background: Although extensive studies on adolescent suicidal behavior have been conducted in developed countries such as the United States, little data exist on risk factors for suicide among adolescents in culturally and socially disadvantages settings, such as Jamaica. Aims: To conduct a preliminary investigation of risk factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt among youths in Western Jamaica. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 342 adolescents aged 10–19 years from 19 schools. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that a history of self-violence, violent thoughts toward others, mental health diagnoses other than depression, and a history of sexual abuse were positively associated with suicide attempt. Sexual abuse, mental health diagnoses other than depression, self-violence, and ease of access to lethal substances/weapons were positively associated with suicide ideation. Conclusions: We found a relatively high prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents living in Western Jamaica. An accurate understanding of the prevailing risk factors for suicide attempts will promote a more sympathetic approach to victims and facilitate prevention efforts.

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