Oxford Handbook of Neuroscience Nursing

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Neuroscience Nursing ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

The field of neuroscience nursing practice relates to a wide range of neurological disorders, many of which are progressive, deteriorating, life-changing, and life-limiting conditions affecting not only the patient but their families and carers. At the same time, the care of the patient following acute-onset injury and trauma presents different challenges in terms of support in critical care and ongoing rehabilitation. Brain damage and injury, irrespective of the causative factors, invariably can have a devastating effect on an individual’s physical, psychological, and cognitive functioning impairing their ability for self-autonomy and independence. The Oxford Handbook of Neuroscience Nursing begins to equip the practitioner with a basic knowledge of the complex needs and specialist management of this group of patients. It gives some insight into the patient’s perspective of living with a neurological condition and presents the best available evidence to inform practice and nursing care.

scholarly journals HAR1: an insight into lncRNA genetic evolution

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Waters ◽  
Perla Pucci ◽  
Mark Hirst ◽  
Simon Chapman ◽  
Yuzhuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Insight Into

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a wide range of functions in health and disease, but many remain uncharacterized because of their complex expression patterns and structures. The genetic loci encoding lncRNAs can be subject to accelerated evolutionary changes within the human lineage. HAR1 is a region that has a significantly altered sequence compared to other primates and is a component of two overlapping lncRNA loci, HAR1A and HAR1B. Although the functions of these lncRNAs are unknown, they have been associated with neurological disorders and cancer. Here, we explore the current state of understanding of evolution in human lncRNA genes, using the HAR1 locus as the case study.

scholarly journals Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after COVID-19 infection and subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e245816
Author(s):  
Vinit Suri ◽  
Shishir Pandey ◽  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Amarnath Jena
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

SARS-COV-2 predominantly results in a respiratory illness. However, it has also been associated with a wide range of neurological disorders including a broad range of immune neuropathies. These immune neuropathies associated with SARS-COV2 infection include Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), recurrent GBS and exacerbation of pre-existing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We describe a case with acute-onset CIDP presenting with three relapses of demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, the third relapse occurring in the 8 week of illness following a previous COVID-19 infection and a recent COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and high COVID-19 antibody level. In our knowledge, this is the ever reported case of acute-onset CIDP associated with COVID-19 vaccine and high COVID-19 antibody level.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

scholarly journals Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
David C. Luther ◽  
Xianzhi Zhang ◽  
Aarohi Gupta ◽  
Samantha A. Tufts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Ligand Design ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with ”small” organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Gas Damping in Capacitive MEMS Transducers in the Free Molecular Flow Regime

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Boris A. Boom ◽  
Alessandro Bertolini ◽  
Eric Hennes ◽  
Johannes F. J. van den Brand
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Molecular Flow ◽  
Free Molecular Flow ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Gas Damping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capacitive Mems ◽  
Insight Into

We present a novel analysis of gas damping in capacitive MEMS transducers that is based on a simple analytical model, assisted by Monte-Carlo simulations performed in Molflow+ to obtain an estimate for the geometry dependent gas diffusion time. This combination provides results with minimal computational expense and through freely available software, as well as insight into how the gas damping depends on the transducer geometry in the molecular flow regime. The results can be used to predict damping for arbitrary gas mixtures. The analysis was verified by experimental results for both air and helium atmospheres and matches these data to within 15% over a wide range of pressures.

scholarly journals Healthcare Providers’ Perceptions of Challenges with Frequent Users of Emergency Department Care in Switzerland: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110281
Author(s):  
Patrick Bodenmann ◽  
Miriam Kasztura ◽  
Madison Graells ◽  
Elodie Schmutz ◽  
Oriane Chastonay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Emergency Department Care ◽  
Frequent Users ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ed Overcrowding ◽  
Ed Visits

Frequent users of emergency departments (FUED; ≥ 5 ED visits/year) commonly cumulate medical, social, and substance use problems requiring complex and sustained care coordination often unavailable in ED. This study aimed to explore ED healthcare providers’ challenges related to FUED care to gain insight into the support and resources required to address FUED complex needs. An online survey was sent to all general adult emergency services within Switzerland (N = 106). Participants were asked to indicate the extent to which they perceived that FUED represented a problem and to describe the main challenges encountered. In total, 208 physicians and nurses from 75 EDs (70.7%) completed the survey. Among the 208 participants, 134 (64%) reported that FUED represented a challenge and 133 described 1 to 5 challenges encountered. A conventional content analysis yielded 4 main categories of perceived challenges. Negative consequences in the ED secondary to FUED’s presence (eg, ED overcrowding, staff helplessness, and fatigue) was the most frequently reported challenge, followed by challenges related to FUEDs’ characteristics (eg, mental health and social problems) leading to healthcare complexity. The third most frequently encountered challenge was related to the ED inappropriateness and inefficiency to address FUEDs’ needs. Finally, challenges related to the lack of FUED healthcare network were the least often mentioned. ED healthcare providers experience a wide range of challenges related to FUED care. These findings suggest that currently EDs nor their staff are equipped to address FUEDs’ complex needs.

scholarly journals Prediction of Dead Oil Viscosity: Machine Learning vs. Classical Correlations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Hadavimoghaddam ◽  
Mehdi Ostadhassan ◽  
Ehsan Heidaryan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sadri ◽  
Inna Chapanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Pvt Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Insight Into

Dead oil viscosity is a critical parameter to solve numerous reservoir engineering problems and one of the most unreliable properties to predict with classical black oil correlations. Determination of dead oil viscosity by experiments is expensive and time-consuming, which means developing an accurate and quick prediction model is required. This paper implements six machine learning models: random forest (RF), lightgbm, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, stochastic real-valued (SRV) and SuperLearner to predict dead oil viscosity. More than 2000 pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) data were used for developing and testing these models. A huge range of viscosity data were used, from light intermediate to heavy oil. In this study, we give insight into the performance of different functional forms that have been used in the literature to formulate dead oil viscosity. The results show that the functional form f(γAPI,T), has the best performance, and additional correlating parameters might be unnecessary. Furthermore, SuperLearner outperformed other machine learning (ML) algorithms as well as common correlations that are based on the metric analysis. The SuperLearner model can potentially replace the empirical models for viscosity predictions on a wide range of viscosities (any oil type). Ultimately, the proposed model is capable of simulating the true physical trend of the dead oil viscosity with variations of oil API gravity, temperature and shear rate.

A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rainer R. Schoch ◽  
Gabriela Sobral
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Central European ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The late Paleozoic temnospondyl Sclerocephalus formed an aquatic top predator in various central European lakes of the late Carboniferous and early Permian. Despite hundreds of specimens spanning a wide range of sizes, knowledge of the endocranium (braincase and palatoquadrate) remained very insufficient in Sclerocephalus and other stereospondylomorphs because even large skulls had unossified endocrania. A new specimen from a stratigraphically ancient deposit at St. Wendel in southwestern Germany is recognized as representing a new taxon, S. concordiae new species, and reveals a completely ossified endocranium. The sphenethmoid was completely ossified from the basisphenoid to the anterior ethmoid region, co-ossified with the parasphenoid, and the basipterygoid joint was fully established. The pterygoid bears a slender, S-shaped epipterygoid, which formed a robust pillar lateral to the braincase. The massive stapes was firmly sutured to the parasphenoid. In the temnospondyl endocranium, character evolution involved various changes in the epipterygoid region, which evolved distinct morphologies in each of the major clades. UUID: http://zoobank.org/5e6d2078-eacf-4467-84cf-a12efcae7c0b

scholarly journals Implementation Research to Understand and Target Complex Needs: A Case Study of US-based Food Assistance Programming (P10-147-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Warren ◽  
Edward Frongillo ◽  
Shana Alford ◽  
Erin McDonald ◽  
Jessica Escobar-Alegria
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to understand needs among seniors for food and food assistance and to develop a comprehensive taxonomy for these needs. Methods A total of 147 seniors were purposively sampled from 12 food-assistance programs in 9 states. Of the 12 programs, 10 provided unprepared foods and 2 provided pre-cooked meals. Data were semi-structured qualitative interviews. Coding and analysis of transcripts followed an inductive qualitative analysis approach. A series of thematic summaries were prepared to reflect the content of the interviews for discussion and refinement of the analytic approach. Results An emergent taxonomy comprised 3 categories consisting of abilities and ranges or variants of those abilities. The category of physical ability consists of physical strength, the ability to prepare food, the ability to walk or stand, and health status. These relate to an individual's functional abilities to live and act independently and may be considered pre-conditions for program uptake and benefit distinct from dietary and food security-related needs and limitations. The category of consuming food consists of preferences, accessibility, affordability, and dietary needs. This category highlights the relationship between economic constraints and dietary needs that often necessitates meaningful tradeoffs in consuming the right foods for their health. The category of access and use of transportation consists of own means, friends or family, and public or private services. This category highlights challenges in accessing programs and provides insight into seniors’ experiences of poverty, declining functional abilities, social networks and connectedness, geography, and public services. Conclusions The process used to develop the taxonomy and the taxonomy itself provide an exemplar for implementation research when the nature of need is complex and programs integrated across sectors are required to address the need. The taxonomy provides structure to facilitate the identification of key factors in program engagement—and insight into the economic and social environments in which they occur—that translate into needs relevant to the design, targeting, and uptake of food assistance in a diverse population of seniors. Funding Sources Enterprise Rent-a-Car Foundation.

scholarly journals An Insight into Saponins from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija El Hazzam ◽  
Jawhar Hafsa ◽  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Manal Mhada ◽  
Moha Taourirte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Important Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Saponins are an important group found in Chenopodium quinoa. They represent an obstacle for the use of quinoa as food for humans and animal feeds because of their bitter taste and toxic effects, which necessitates their elimination. Several saponins elimination methods have been examined to leach the saponins from the quinoa seeds; the wet technique remains the most used at both laboratory and industrial levels. Dry methods (heat treatment, extrusion, roasting, or mechanical abrasion) and genetic methods have also been evaluated. The extraction of quinoa saponins can be carried out by several methods; conventional technologies such as maceration and Soxhlet are the most utilized methods. However, recent research has focused on technologies to improve the efficiency of extraction. At least 40 saponin structures from quinoa have been isolated in the past 30 years, the derived molecular entities essentially being phytolaccagenic, oleanolic and serjanic acids, hederagenin, 3β,23,30 trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3β-hydroxy-27-oxo-olean-12en-28-oic acid, and 3β,23,30 trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid. These metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as molluscicidal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties.

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