Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1703-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. George M.M. Alberti ◽  
Paul Zimmet
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Macrovascular Disease ◽  
Microvascular Damage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases of multiple aetiologies characterized by hyperglycaemia together with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes is associated with microvascular damage affecting, particularly, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart, together with an increased risk of macrovascular disease (1).

Exercise, sport, and diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar G. A. H. van Mil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that are found in diabetes are due to deficient action of insulin on target tissues (www.ispad.org)....

A Critical Review on Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus) with its Preventive Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagha Gosavi ◽  
Ram V. Ramekar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Prameha is disease of Mutravaha Srotasa having Kapha dominancy which can be correlated with diabetes mellitus. The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Madhumeha is considered as a subtype under the Vatika type of Prameha and it is characterized by passage of urine with sweet taste like honey along with sweetness of whole body. With appropriate use of Ayurvedic preventive measures such as Dincharya, Ritucharya, Aharvidhi and therapeutic measures Madhumeha (DM) can be prevented.

scholarly journals Oral Alterations in Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smiljka Cicmil ◽  
Irena Mladenović ◽  
Jelena Krunić ◽  
Dragan Ivanović ◽  
Nikola Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
The Third ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
Compromised Patients

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases which continue to increase in number and significance. It presents the third most prevalent condition among medically compromised patients referring for dental treatment. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Hyperglycemia leads to widespread multisystem damage which has an effect on oral tissue. The present article summarizes current knowledge regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and oral and dental health.

scholarly journals Potensi Saffron sebagai Antidiabates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Raden Ayu Jihan Fakhirah Ismail ◽  
Nurma Retno Ningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
One Health ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes melitus adalah suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi  insulin, kerja insulin atau keduanya. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang dengan jumlah penduduk yang tinggi memiliki risiko terjadinya masalah kesehatan yang lebih besar. Salah satu masalah kesehatan adalah meningkatnya epidemi diabetes melitus. Saffron, Crocus sativus, tanaman yang berasal dari genus Iridaceous, adalahtanaman yang dianggap sebagai salah satu tanaman herbal yang penting dalam bidang medis, kosmetik dan industri higienis lainnya.Review ini disusun dengan melakukan penulusuran sumber pustaka melalui database NCBI, Garuda, Sinta, dan Google Scholar. Hasil dari penelusuran 19 artikel yang ditemukan yaitu saffron memiliki kandungan crocin crocetin, procicin, safranalyang dapat menjadi kandidat antioksidan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar glukosa dalam darah.  Kata kunci: Crocus sativus, diabetes melitus, glukosa, saffron  POTENCY OF SAFFRON AS ANTIDIABETIC  ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitusis a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Indonesia as a developing country with a high population has a greater risk of health problems. One health problem is the increasing epidemic of diabetes mellitus. Saffron, Crocus sativus, a plant that belongs to the Iridaceous genus, is a plant that is considered one of the important herbal plants in the medical, cosmetic and other hygienic industries. This review was compiled by searching literature sources through NCBI, Garuda, Sprott, and Google Scholar databases. The results of 19 articles search found that saffron contains (crocin crocetin, procicin, safranal) which can be candidates for antioxidants that have a significant effect on glucose levels in the blood  Keywords: crocus sativus, diabetes mellitus, glucose, saffron

Meta-analysis of genetic association studies on gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi BHUSHAN ◽  
Sonal Upadhyay ◽  
Shally AWASTHI ◽  
Monika Panday
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tcf7l2 Rs7903146 ◽  
Gckr Rs780094

Abstract Background Several molecular epidemiological studies have analyzed the associations between genetic variants and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, all these studies suffer from inconsistent and conflicting results owing to relatively smaller sample sizes, fewer genetic variants included in the research, and limited statistical power. Hence, a coherent review and meta-analysis were carried out to provide a quantitative summary related to the associations of commonly studied SNPs with GDM risk. Methods Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed,updated on Dec. 2019. Based on several inclusion and exclusion criteria, 71 articles with 42928 GDM patients and 77793 controls were finally considered for meta-analysis. The genotype data from 23 variants of sixteen genes were statistically analyzed using RevMan v 5.2 software. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the research article. Heterogeneity among studies was tested by I2 and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was carried out for all five genetic models. Results The overall combined odds ratio reveals that variants like MTNR1B (rs1083963, rs1387153), GCK (rs1799884), CANP10 (rs3792267), and GCKR (rs780094) are significantly associated with GDM in all genetic models while CANP10 (rs5030952), ADRB (rs4994) and FTO (rs8050136) are not significantly associated with GDM in any genetic models. Variants MTNR1B (rs1083963, rs1387153) and GCK (rs1799884) are associated with increased risk (OR>1, p<0.05) of GDM, and all these are related to insulin secretion. Other variants related to insulin secretion like TCF7L2 (rs7903146) and SLC30A8 (rs1326634) are also associated with increased risk (OR>1, p<0.05) of GDM. On the contrary, CANP10 (rs3792267) and GCKR (rs780094) are found associated with decreased risk (OR<1, p<0.05) of GDM. Other variants are significantly associated with the GDM in at least one or more genetic models. Conclusion Our study identified that most of the variants related to insulin secretions like MTNR1B (rs1083963), GCK (rs1799884), TCF7L2 (rs7903146), GCKR (rs780094), and SLC30A8 (rs1326634) are more strongly associated (p<0.005) with GDM as compared to the variants related to the insulin resistance like PPARG (rs1801282), IRS1 (rs1801278) and ADIPOQ (rs266729).

scholarly journals The impact of dietary protein restriction on insulin secretion and action

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Holness
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this review is to develop the hypothesis, and review the evidence, that protein restriction, through synergistic effects on multiple organ systems predisposes to loss of normal regulation of fuel homeostasis that plays the central role in the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The ability of insulin to regulate glucose production and disposal varies between individuals. These differences, together with the various compensatory mechanisms that are invoked to attempt to normalize fuel homeostasis, are of fundamental importance in the development and clinical course of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Protein deprivation impacts on both insulin secretion and insulin action. These effects may persist even when a diet containing adequate protein is presented subsequently. Data are presented that suggest that protein restriction results in an impaired ability of pancreatic β-cells to compensate adequately for the defect in insulin action in insulin-resistant individuals. This persistent impairment of insulin secretion resulting from protein restriction predisposes to loss of glucoregulatory control and impaired insulin action after the subsequent imposition of a diabetogenic challenge. This inability to maintain the degree of compensatory hyperinsulinaemia necessary to prevent loss of glucose tolerance may have relevance to the increased incidence of diabetes on changing from a nutritionally-poor diet to a Western diet, and to the hypothesis that some cases of type 2 diabetes in adulthood may be related to poor early nutrition.

scholarly journals Use of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a screening tool for vestibulopathy inType2 diabetes mellitus

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
K. Sumathi ◽  
Gayathri Dilliraj ◽  
Sridevi Chaganti ◽  
Shenbaga Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction and Aim:Diabetes mellitus, especially type II DM is one among the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the global scale. One of the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus is vestibulopathy affecting the inner ear. Malondialdehyde (MDA) obtained from lipid peroxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is an important compound that generally serves as one of the key markers for oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to prove the significance of MDA in Vestibulopathy in Type-2 i.e.,non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.   Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 100 diabetic patients of age group between 35 years and 50 years were tested for vestibular function by electronystagmography(Commonly used test to determine and evaluate vestibular system). Based on the biothermal caloric stimulation the Clausen butterfly chart was generated and thus the code is ascertained. Serum levels of Malon-di-aldehyde were assayed by TBARS method (Thiobarbituric acid Reactive substances).   Results: The study proved, that there was a 4 times increased risk of developing vestibulopathy with increasing duration of diabetes. It also proved that there was an increased risk of developing vestibulopathy in diabetic patients, having MDA > 2?mol/L.   Conclusion: Thereby the study confirmed the clinical significance of periodic screening of MDA levels, in diabetic patients, particularly those with uncontrolled/poor glycemic control & with longer duration of diabetes. Estimation of their serum MDAlevels and vestibular function by the electronystagmography test, is advised in order to prevent the occurrence of diabetic vestibulopathy at the earliest and also to prevent the worsening of any such, other complications associated with the disease.  

scholarly journals Monitoring of Patient With Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Impaired Insulin Action

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which is caused by impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia will lead to dysfunction and damage to various organs, such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. This paper discusses the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus according to the laboratory tests, to know when the results of therapy has reached the optimum point as well as the prevention of complications that can occur.  

The effect of insulin treatment on insulin secretion and insulin action in type II diabetes mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Garvey ◽  
J. M. Olefsky ◽  
J. Griffin ◽  
R. F. Hamman ◽  
O. G. Kolterman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii

Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1748-1754
Author(s):  
Sarah Wild ◽  
Jackie Price
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Macrovascular Disease ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus represents a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia, which may or may not be associated with symptoms. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and is associated with long-term organ damage, particularly in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of obesity (particularly abdominal obesity), hypertension, and lipid disorders, as well as an increased risk of macrovascular disease in coronary, peripheral, and cerebral arterial circulations, than people without diabetes. Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinopathy, which can lead to loss of vision, nephropathy (leading to renal failure), neuropathy (with an increased risk of foot ulcers, amputations, and foot deformations), and autonomic neuropathy, causing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and sexual dysfunction. Diabetes may have a serious emotional and social impact on affected individuals and their families, and has major economic implications for society as a whole in both developed and developing countries.

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