Active cancer prevention

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Colditz ◽  
Courtney Beers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Century ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Active Cancer

Chapter 2 describes the key potentially modifiable risk factors that are responsible for more than half of the seven million deaths from cancer worldwide. Using evidence-based strategies to impact individual and population behaviour changes, public health efforts driven by sound knowledge, legislative support/backing, and social commitment have the potential to rapidly reduce the cancer incidence and mortality in the twenty-first century. Our aging population and the burden of cancer that comes due to aging demands we act now to achieve this global benefit.

scholarly journals A comparison of the prevalence of and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors over two decades, 1991–2009

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242911
Author(s):  
Batholomew Chireh ◽  
Carl D’Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Canadian Population

Background The prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia is of public health concern globally. Accurate estimates of this debilitating condition are needed for future public health policy planning. In this study, we estimate prevalence and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment by sex over approximately 16 years. Methods Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) baseline data conducted between 1991–1992 were used to measure the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged 65+ years. The standard Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was used for the screening test for cognitive impairment. We compared the CSHA data with Canadian Community Health Survey–Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA) conducted between 2008–2009. The CCHS-HA used a four-dimension cognitive module to screen for cognitive impairment. Only survey community-dwelling respondents were included in the final sample. After applying exclusion criteria, final samples of (N = 8504) respondents in the CSHA sample and (N = 7764) respondents for CCHS–HA sample were analyzed. To account for changes in the age structure of the Canadian population, prevalence estimates were calculated using age-sex standardization to the 2001 population census of Canada. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of cognitive impairment. A sex stratified analysis was used to examine risk factors for cognitive impairment in the survey samples. Results We found that prevalence of cognitive impairment among respondents in CSHA sample was 15.5% in 1991 while a prevalence of 10.8% was reported in the CCHS–HA sample in 2009, a 4.7% reduction [15.5% (CI = 14.8–16.3), CSHA vs 10.8% (CI = 10.1–11.5), CCHS–HA]. Men reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CSHA study (16.0%) while women reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CCHS–HA (11.6%). In the multivariable analyses, risk factors such as age, poor self-rated health, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and hearing problems were common to both cohorts. Sex differences in risk factors were also noted. Conclusions This study provides suggestive evidence of a potential reduction in the occurrence of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors despite the aging of the Canadian population. The moderating roles of improved prevention and treatment of vascular morbidity and improvements in the levels of education of the Canadian population are possible explanations for this decrease in the cognitive impairment.

The Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
Andrew M. Freeman ◽  
Penny M. Kris-Etherton ◽  
Kim Allan Williams Sr. ◽  
Koushik R. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Practices ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Short Time

Existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its modifiable risk factors are associated with increased mortality from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical attention has focused on acute interventions for COVID-19, but reducing upstream risks associated with poor outcomes must occur in parallel. This is particularly urgent because risk factors for COVID-19 death are prevalent, and the pandemic has negatively impacted lifestyle and socioeconomic factors that augment these risks. Evidence-based lifestyle interventions have a generally short time-to-benefit, and lower risk of CVD and improve markers of immune function. Wider promotion of healthy lifestyle practices will improve the CVD health of the population and could favorably impact COVID-19 outcomes. Research examining how lifestyle modification affects COVID-19 susceptibility and severity is urgently needed.

Epidemiology and stroke risk factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Markus ◽  
Anthony Pereira ◽  
Geoffrey Cloud
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Relative Risk Reduction ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Numbers Needed To Treat

In this opening chapter on the epidemiology and risk factors for stroke, the ‘size of the problem’ in public health terms both in the United Kingdom and worldwide is set out. Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of stroke are discussed. Epidemiological terms and definitions as applied to stroke care are reviewed and illustrated, including absolute and relative risk reduction and numbers needed to treat. This chapter also discusses aetiological subtyping of stroke which represents a syndrome caused by multiple different underlying pathologies. It ends with a comprehensive review of the major and minor modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for stroke disease.

Assessment and therapeutic strategy for agitation, confusion, and delirium in the ICU

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele C. Balas ◽  
E. Wesley Ely
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Delirium Assessment ◽  
Effective Assessment

Agitation and delirium are conditions that are highly prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU). Both are believed to be caused by a number of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and present with a variety of signs and symptoms. Consequently, these conditions are notoriously difficult to detect and treat. Variations in sedative practices, misperceptions regarding delirium and its association with outcomes, and lack of knowledge regarding screening tools, may all impede effective assessment, and management of agitation and delirium. A further complication is that many of the medications used to treat critically-ill patients are now known to increase the risk of delirium. While studies conducted over the last decade have significantly contributed to our understanding of how best to diagnose, prevent, and manage these common conditions, this knowledge is not always successfully adopted into everyday clinical practice. This chapter provides readers with an evidence-based review of agitation and delirium assessment and therapeutic strategies applicable for use in the ICU setting.

Gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Coronary Event ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lack Of Exercise

Risk factors are generally shared between men and women with the major differences being hormonal. Nine modifiable risk factors account for over 90% of the risk of a coronary event in men and women – smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, lack of exercise, alcohol excess, reduced intake of fruit and vegetables, and psychosocial issues. Approximately half the decline in deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD), between 1980 and 2000, can be attributed to a reduction in the major risk factors and the other half to the use of evidence-based management. As educational efforts to increase awareness of cardiovascular disease (not cancer) to be the leading cause of death and disability in women are also associated with preventative action, it is important that health-care professionals educate themselves about CHD in women and communicate with women themselves, so that women can come forward for advice and evaluation.

Intrinsic modifiable risk factors in ballet dancers: Applying evidence based practice principles to enhance clinical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Campbell ◽  
Michael E. Lehr ◽  
Andrew Livingston ◽  
Meghan McCurdy ◽  
J. Kristopher Ware
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Ballet Dancers

scholarly journals The function of health promotion ofces in early detetcion and prevention of melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Gabriella Szörényiné Ványi ◽  
◽  
Zita Battyáni ◽  
Bence Attila Vass ◽  
Mariann Moizs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Melanoma Prevention

The standardized incidence of melanoma almost doubled in Hungary. Incidence and mortality of melanoma could be reduce by prevention and early detection. The frst health promotion ofces as actors in Public Health appeared in 2008. The authors present their good practices and possible programs of melanoma prevention through the experience of their health promotion ofce. Their study revealed that prevention should place greater emphasis on individual risk factors, estimated risk, and sun protection. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of sunburn in childhood, and more men and those with lower levels of education should be able to take advantage of the possibility of skin examination.

scholarly journals Dementia: Risk Factors and Updated Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Nepal ◽  
B Jeffrey ◽  
M Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Health Problem

 With the tremendous rise in the aging population around the world, the prevalence of Major Neurocognitive Disorders is skyrocketing. In the same manner, the burden of the morbidity and mortality associated with the such disorders has been a global health problem. Most of the time, the cause of Major Neurocognitive Disorder is unknown. Our review article is an attempt to summarize the likely modifiable risk factors associated with the disorder. In this manner there could be insight into further confirmatory and exploratory evidence based studies of these factors for early intervention to prevent and delay the progression of full blown disease. Among the modifiable risk factors, the ones that have been discussed here are smoking, activity both physical and cognitive, cardiovascular risk factors, depression, traumatic brain injury and sleep.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, Page: 3-7

scholarly journals Knowledge about modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases adults living with HIV in Rwanda

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3181-3189
Author(s):  
Juvenal Biraguma ◽  
Eugene Mutimura ◽  
José M Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are of international public health concern. Of more concern are people living with HIV (PLHIV), who have the increased risk of developing NCDs, such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes. Research has revealed that there is a relationship between knowledge of NCD risk factors and risk perceptions in the general population. Therefore, an assessment of PLHIV’s NCD risk factors knowledge is quite critical, to design effective NCD prevention programmes.Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors for NCDs and its associated factors among adults living with HIV in Rwanda.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was used to collect the data. The study targeted PLHIV who visited the out-patients’ public health centres in three purposively selected provinces of Rwanda. The knowledge assessment questionnaire relating to risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle was used to collect the data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Of the 794 respondents, 64.6% were women, and the mean age was 37.9 (±10.8) years. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (65.0%) had low levels of knowledge about NCD risk factors, while some (35.6%) were of the opinion that they had a low risk of contracting NCDs. Good knowledge was significantly associated with high educational status, a low CD4+ cell count (< 350 cells/mm3) and normotension.Conclusion: The current study findings highlight the need for comprehensive health education, to raise awareness of non-communicable diseases’ risk factors for adults living with HIV in Rwanda.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Risk factors, HIV infection, Knowledge, Rwanda.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document