The nuclear medicine patient

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire D Greaves ◽  
Mike J Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
General Public ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Practical Guidance

Following the administration of a radiopharmaceutical, the patient is essentially a mobile source of radiation. The hazards from the patient are contamination from radioactive tissue/body fluids, and exposure to the radiation emitted from the patient. These hazards present a risk to the patient due to self-absorbed radiation, healthcare workers, other patients, members of the public, family members (including the foetus), colleagues at work, and carers. This chapter presents the methodology used for assessing the doses to patients and critical groups, and discusses its limitations. It considers the risks and protective measures for: the patient (both adults and paediatrics), the foetus and young children including reproduction, breastfeeding, and close contact, hospital and external workers who may come into contact with the patient or be at risk of contamination, and the general public (inside and outside the hospital environment). The risks are presented along with practical guidance to minimize the hazard.

COVID-19 transmission: a positive perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurva Sakarde ◽  
Roshan Takhelmayum ◽  
Seema Garg ◽  
Arvind S Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Abstract Objectives To understand the dynamics of infectivity of COVID-19 and allay the fear and anxiety associated with it in healthcare workers and the society. Case presentation Three individuals accompanied their pediatric patients in the COVID ward but did not develop infection. Information about their knowledge and perspective about the disease and the protective measures undertaken by them during their stay in the hospital was gathered by administering a questionnaire 14 days after discharge. Conclusions It was observed that use of proper precautionary measures like wearing a mask and regular hand sanitization helped in prevention from COVID-19 infection even after having close contact with confirmed cases. Such facts/observation will help in sensitizing the public about COVID-19 and eliminate panic in the society.

scholarly journals Improving knowledge, attitudes and practice to prevent COVID-19 transmission in healthcare workers and the public in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rapeephan R. Maude ◽  
Monnaphat Jongdeepaisal ◽  
Sumawadee Skuntaniyom ◽  
Thanomvong Muntajit ◽  
Stuart D. Blacksell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Key infection prevention and control measures to limit transmission of COVID-19 include social distancing, hand hygiene, use of facemasks and personal protective equipment. However, these have limited or no impact if not applied correctly through lack of knowledge, inappropriate attitude or incorrect practice. In order to maximise the impact of infection prevention and control measures on COVID-19 spread, we undertook a study to assess and improve knowledge, attitudes and practice among 119 healthcare workers and 100 general public in Thailand. The study setting was two inpatient hospitals providing COVID-19 testing and treatment. Detailed information on knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. Results Knowledge of the main transmission routes, commonest symptoms and recommended prevention methods was mostly very high (> 80%) in both groups. There was lower awareness of aerosols, food and drink and pets as sources of transmission; of the correct duration for handwashing; recommended distance for social/physical distancing; and about recommended types of face coverings. Information sources most used and most trusted were the workplace, work colleagues, health workers and television. The results were used to produce a set of targeted educational videos which addressed many of these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting in a number of areas. This included improvements in handwashing practice with an increase in the number of areas correctly washed in 65.5% of the public, and 57.9% of healthcare workers. The videos were then further optimized with feedback from participants followed by another round of retesting. Conclusions Detailed information on gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. This was used to produce targeted educational videos which addressed these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting. The resulting videos were then disseminated as a resource to aid in efforts to fight COVID-19 in Thailand and worldwide.

scholarly journals Anti COVID-19 immunity developed as assessed in a community-based oncological center

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 038-041
Author(s):  
Guix Teresa ◽  
Panichi Marco ◽  
Guix Ines ◽  
García Iván ◽  
Llebaría Carles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
General Public ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Oncological Center ◽  
Antibody Tests

Introduction: Serology (antibody) tests for the SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed as an instrument to inform health authorities about immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic. As there is a significant part of the population that may have some degree of immunity, it is of great interest to communicate the immunization results obtained in the first 500 healthcare workers (HCW), patients and relatives tested in a community-based Oncological Center. Materials and methods: Between April 9th, 2020 and May 8th, 2020, a group of healthcare workers (HCW), their families, and general public who had had the COVID-19 or had been in close contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19 were screened for IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The tests were carried out in a rigorous manner, strictly following the guidelines approved by the Spanish Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Sanidad). Results: The major objective of this study was to determine the proportion of asymptomatic infected individuals and those who had already secreted IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in our cancer treatment center or in the community of Barcelona. Patients were tested with PCR, Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 521 participants were tested, 206 with RDT and 315 with ELISA, 59 (11,32%) resulted positive to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: RDT and ELISA proved to be effective and sensible enough to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 immunization in a community-based oncological center. The degree of immunization reached is nowadays far away from what can be considered desirable for a herd immunization.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Infection Status of Healthcare Workers in Wuhan During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 2109-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Zheng ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Chongchong Zhou ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Substantial Risk

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) at the frontline are facing a substantial risk of infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods We acquired information and data on general information on and infection and death status of HCWs in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak and completed statistical analyses. Results We obtained the data on 2457 infected cases among HCWs in Wuhan, China. More than half of the infected individuals were nurses (52.06%), whereas 33.62% of infected cases were doctors and 14.33% of cases were medical staff. In particular, the case infection rate of nurses (2.22%) was remarkably higher than that of doctors (1.92%). Most infected cases among HCWs were female (72.28%). A majority of the infected HCWs (89.26%) came from general hospitals, followed by specialized hospitals (5.70%) and community hospitals (5.05%). The case infection rate of HCWs (2.10%) was dramatically higher than that of non-HCWs (0.43%). The case fatality rate of HCWs (0.69%) was significantly lower than that of non-HCWs (5.30%). Conclusions The infection risk of HCWs is clearly higher than that of non-HCWs. HCWs play an essential role in fighting the pandemic. The analysis of the infection status of HCWs is essential to attract enough attention from the public, provide effective suggestions for government agencies, and improve protective measures for HCWs.

Self-Protection of Medical Workers in Traditional Hospitals and Clinics against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneel Prajapati ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Digvijay Verma ◽  
Shilpi Singh ◽  
Ashish Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the more prevalent infectious human disease in several parts of the world caused by SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 transmission is mainly via the respiratory tract, contact, digestive tract and hospital-acquired infections. Health care workers particularly working in clinics of traditional medicine system need to be in close contact with patients, so they have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, there-fore, the personal-protective measures need to be followed by healthcare workers in traditional medicine clinics during COVID-19 pandemic are emphasized, to enlighten them about self-protection and to improve the safety of such a special group of traditional healers

Ebola and healthcare worker stigma

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misse Wester ◽  
Johan Giesecke
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Information Channels

Aims: Exposure to infection is a risk for all healthcare workers. This risk acquires another dimension in an outbreak of highly contagious, lethal disease, such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. Healthcare workers are usually well and correctly informed about the risks from such diseases, but family, neighbours, friends, or colleagues may react strongly to the risk that staff might bring infection home from an epidemic overseas. Research around such stigmatization is scarce. We wanted to investigate how common it is, which expressions it assumes and how it is influenced by dissemination of information. Methods: We interviewed a sample of Swedish healthcare workers who had worked in West Africa during the 2014 outbreak of Ebola, as well as one close contact for each of them, about reactions before leaving and after returning, and also about information received. Results and conclusions: The majority of contact persons reported no or little concern, neither when the healthcare worker revealed the plan to leave, nor on the healthcare worker’s return. The prevailing reason was trust in the judgement of ‘their’ healthcare worker, mainly using information received from the healthcare worker to assess risks, and relying little on other information channels. This means that the person assessing the risk was at the same time the hazard. There were indications that instructions regarding quarantine and self-isolation were less stringently followed by healthcare workers than by other aid workers in the outbreak, which could give confusing signals to the public. Simple, clear and non-negotiable rules should be preferred – also from an information perspective.

scholarly journals Public risk perception and responsive behaviors in the United States, United Kingdom, and Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anran Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Xiu ◽  
Sizhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background: Understanding public perception and behaviors toward COVID-19 is valuable for mitigating the severe epidemic. Our study aimed to investigate differences of the public from the US, UK, and Brazil on the aspects of the living environment, behaviors, attitude and risk perception. Methods: Dataset were taken from the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Survival Calculator project. 89554 respondents from the US (n=71812), UK (n=10392), and Brazil (n=7350) completed online questionnaire survey from April 28 to July 8. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to describe respondents’ responses. Chi-square tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction and binary logistic regression were used to determine the differences in environmental status, behaviors and worried degree of participants among the three countries, and further explore the sociodemographic characteristics related to protective measures. Results: Brazil participants had the highest risk perception to COVID-19, followed by the US, and the UK was the lowest (39.02±24.57 vs. 32.72±22.38 vs. 29.47+22.39, P<0.001). More Brazil participants expressed that they were worried about COVID-19. The proportion of respondents from the US and UK who reported they were not worried about COVID-19 was 2.00 times (95%CI: 1.80-2.23) and 3.24 times (95%CI: 2.88-3.65) that of Brazil. A higher percentage of Brazil respondents reported they were in close contact with more than ten people, using public transport and engaging in work. Regarding behaviors, social distancing (ranges:84.9%-86.8%) and washing hands (ranges:84.8%-90.3%) were the most frequently used protective measures, but respondents from the US (69.8%) and UK (15.8%) were relatively reluctant to wear masks. Moreover, it was found that participants from ethnic minorities were more likely to take protective measures. But males, respondents under 20 years, and respondents with poor economic conditions had various degrees of neglect to take steps. Meanwhile, healthcare workers also had a relatively stronger awareness of protection. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the environment, behaviors, attitude and risk perception of the public from the US, UK and Brazil. The sociodemographic subgroups analysis indicated that it is necessary to enhance protection publicity and support for specific groups. Our findings are conducive to the public health authorities to carry out more targeted publicity work of COVID-19 protection measures.

Even prosocially oriented individuals save themselves first: Social Value Orientation, subjective effectiveness and the usage of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Leder ◽  
Alexander Pastukhov ◽  
Astrid Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
General Public ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Individual

We investigated the perception and the frequency of various protective behavior measures against COVID-19. Although our sample (German general public, N = 419, age = 38.07 (15.67) years, female = 71.1 % (diverse = 0.5%), students = 34.37%) consisted mostly of prosocially oriented individuals, we found that, above all, participants used protective measures that protected themselves. They consistently shunned measures that have higher protective value for the public than for themselves, which indicates that public protective value comes second even for prosocially oriented individuals. Accordingly, health communication should focus on emphasizing a measure’s perceived self-protective value by explaining how it would foster public protection that in the long run will protect the individual and the individual’s close relations.

scholarly journals Adherence to protective measures among healthcare workers in the UK: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2021-211454
Author(s):  
Louise E Smith ◽  
Danai Serfioti ◽  
Dale Weston ◽  
Neil Greenberg ◽  
G James Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Protective Behaviours

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are frontline responders to emergency infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. To avoid the rapid spread of disease, adherence to protective measures is paramount. We investigated rates of correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE), hand hygiene and physical distancing in UK HCWs who had been to their workplace at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and factors associated with adherence.MethodsWe used an online cross-sectional survey of 1035 UK healthcare professionals (data collected 12–16 June 2020). We excluded those who had not been to their workplace in the previous 6 weeks, leaving us with a sample size of 831. Respondents were asked about their use of PPE, hand hygiene and physical distancing in the workplace. Frequency of uptake was reported descriptively; adjusted logistic regressions were used to separately investigate factors associated with adherence to use of PPE, maintaining good hand hygiene and physical distancing from colleagues.ResultsAdherence to personal protective measures was suboptimal (PPE use: 80.0%, 95% CI 77.3 to 82.8; hand hygiene: 67.8%, 95% CI 64.6 to 71.0; coming into close contact with colleagues: 74.7%, 95% CI 71.7 to 77.7). Adherence to PPE use was associated with having received training about health and safety in the workplace for COVID-19, greater perceived social pressure to adopt the behaviour and availability of PPE. Non-adherence was associated with fatalism about COVID-19 and greater perceived difficulty of adopting protective measures. Workplace design using markings to facilitate distancing was associated with adherence to physical distancing.ConclusionsUptake of personal protective behaviours among UK HCWs at the start of the pandemic was variable. Factors associated with adherence provide insight into ways to support HCWs to adopt personal protective behaviours, such as ensuring that adequate PPE is available and designing workplaces to facilitate physical distancing.

ANALISA YURIDIS HAK KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT BERDASARKAN KETENTUAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Eddy Suwito
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

The development of technology that continues to grow, the public increasingly facilitates socialization through technology. Opinion on free and uncontrolled social media causes harm to others. The law sees this phenomenon subsequently changing. Legal Information Known as Information and Electronic Transaction Law or ITE Law. However, the ITE Law cannot protect the entire general public. Because it is an Article in the ITE Law that is contrary to Article in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

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