scholarly journals A Comparison of Nonhuman Primate Injuries in Horizontal Versus Vertical Sled +Gz (Head-to-Foot) Impact Accelerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 610-618
Author(s):  
Alicia Abraczinskas ◽  
Ardyn Olszko ◽  
Christine Beltran ◽  
Jamie L Baisden ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Injury Category ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Military Pilots

ABSTRACT Introduction Accelerative events commonly expose military pilots to potentially injurious + Gz (axial, caudal to cranial) accelerations. The Naval Biodynamics Laboratory exposed nonhuman primates (NHPs) to + Gz loading in two subject orientations (supine or upright) to assess the effect of orientation and accelerations associated with injury at accelerations unsafe for human participation. Materials and Methods Archived care records, run records, and necropsy and pathology reports were used to identify acceleration-related injuries. Injuries were categorized as central nervous system (CNS), musculoskeletal (MSK) system, or thoracic (THR). The occurrence of injuries relative to corresponding peak sled acceleration (PSA) and subject orientation were compared. A t-test was applied within each injury category to test for a significant difference in mean PSA between orientations. Results For all 63 + Gz runs conducted, PSA ranged between 6 and 86 G. Of these runs, 17 (6 supine, 11 upright) resulted in acceleration-related injury. The lowest PSAs associated with injury for supine and upright were 69.8 G and 39.6 G, respectively. Individual injury occurrences for supine runs (CNS [n = 5], MSK [n = 6], and THR [n = 6]) occurred at/above 75.7 G, 69.8 G, and 69.8 G, respectively. For upright runs, injury occurrences (CNS [n = 3], MSK injuries [n = 9], and THR injuries [n = 6]) occurred at/above 60.1 G, 39.6 G, and 50.5 G, respectively. The applied t-test showed significant difference between the mean orientation accelerations within each category. Injuries to supine NHPs included compression fracture, organ damage, brain hemorrhage, spinal cord hemorrhage, cervical hemorrhage, paresis/paraplegia, and THR bruising, whereas injuries to upright NHPs included compression fracture, organ damage, spinal cord hemorrhage, paresis/paraplegia, THR bruising, and difficulty breathing. Conclusions Axial loading to supine occupants produced more CNS injuries, whereas upright produced more MSK injuries. Both orientations produced equal THR injuries. NHP injuries reported reflected those reported following human + Gz acceleration events, highlighting the importance of orientation during acceleration to mitigate injury for next generation equipment design and testing.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

Time Course of Simulator Sickness in Asian Military Pilots

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 892-896
Author(s):  
Janine En Qi Loi ◽  
Magdalene Li Ling Lee ◽  
Benjamin Boon Chuan Tan ◽  
Brian See
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Time Points ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Subjective Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire ◽  
Military Pilots

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to determine the incidence, severity, and time-course of simulator sickness (SS) among Asian military pilots following flight simulator training.METHODS: A survey was conducted on Republic of Singapore Air Force pilots undergoing simulator training. Each subject completed a questionnaire immediately after (0H), and at the 3-h (3H) and 6-h (6H) marks. The questionnaire included the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) and a subjective scale to rate their confidence to fly.RESULTS: In this study, 258 pilots with a median age of 31.50 yr (range, 2155 yr) and mean age of 32.61 6.56 yr participated. The prevalence of SS was 48.1% at 0H, 30.8% at 3H, and 16.4% at 6H. Based on a threshold of an SSQ score >10, the prevalence of operationally significant SS was 33.3% at 0H, 13.2% at 3H, and 8.1% at 6H. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (38.1%), eye strain (29.0%), and fullness of head (19.9%). There was no significant difference in mean scores between rotary and fixed wing pilots. Older, more experienced pilots had greater scores at 0H, but this association did not persist. A correlation was found between SSQ score and self-reported confidence.DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the prevalence of operationally significant SS in Asian military pilots over serial time points. Most pilots with SS are able to subjectively judge their fitness to fly. Sensitivity analysis suggests the true prevalence of SS symptoms at 3H and 6H to be closer to 23.8% and 12.0%, respectively.Loi JEQ, Lee MLL, Tan BBC, See B. Time course of simulator sickness in Asian military pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(11):892896.

CASE REPORT: SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF LUMBAR COMPRESSION FRACTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus Robby Budiman Gondowardojo ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgeon ◽  
The Right

The lumbar vertebrae are the most common site for fracture incident because of its high mobility. The spinal cord injury usually happened as a result of a direct traumatic blow to the spine causing fractured and compressed spinal cord. A 38-year-old man presented with lumbar spine’s compression fracture at L2 level. In this patient, decompression laminectomy, stabilization, and fusion were done by posterior approach. The operation was successful, according to the X-Ray and patient’s early mobilization. Pneumothorax of the right lung and pleural effusion of the left lung occurred in this patient, so consultation was made to a cardiothoracic surgeon. Chest tube and WSD insertion were performed to treat the comorbidities. Although the patient had multiple trauma that threat a patient’s life, the management was done quickly, so the problems could be solved thus saving the patient’s life. After two months follow up, the patient could already walk and do daily activities independently.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

The University Student’s Motivation Level on Learning English

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Esmira Mehdiyev ◽  
Celal Teyyar Uğurlu ◽  
Gonca Usta
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Motivation Level ◽  
Motivation Scale ◽  
The University

This study aims to determine the university students’ level of motivation in terms of different variables. A study group of this research has been designed through one of the non-random sampling methods, Using appropriate sampling, 606 students from Faculty of Education of C.U. have been involved in this study. Motivation scale in English Language Learning developed by Mehdiyev,Usta,Uğurlu (2015) was used as an instrument of data collection. T-test and one - way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to resolve problems of this research. As a result of the research the motivation level of university students hasn’t been revealed significantly different regarding to the gender variable. However, considering the t-test results of motivation scale dimensions, confidence, attitude and personal use, significant difference is seen in favour of women in personal use dimension. The level of language learning motivation of female students is higher than men’s regarding to personal use dimension. However, men’s and women’s views don’t differ significantly in attitude and confidence dimensions. University students don’t present significant differences in terms of birth place, parent’s education level, total motivation scores and confident, attitude and personal dimensions. Students’ motivation levels are seen not to be influenced by the places such as village, provision or city where they have spent the most of their lifetime. At the same time the findings revealed that parental status variable in terms of primary, secondary and university graduates has no effects on students’ motivation.

Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korkmaz YİĞİTER ◽  
Hakan TOSUN
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on thehopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases.

STUDI KOMPARASI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ANTARA AYAM GEPREK ABANG IRENG UMS DAN AYAM GEPREK KUMLOT UMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metdi Permadi ◽  
Siti Maryam ◽  
Ratna Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Homogeneity Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in purchasing decisions between Abang Ireng UMS geprek chicken and UMS Geprek Kumlot chicken in terms of Brand Image, Price and Variation of the menu. This method is called the comparative and quantitative methods with the aim of the comparative method with the aim of finding out the differences in purchasing decisions between variables. The sample of this study was 100 respondents consisting of 50 consumers of Abang Ireng Geprek chickens and 50 Kumlot geprek consumers. This study uses validity, reliability, to test the instrument using homogeneity analysis and independent sample t-test to test differences between variables. Data obtained from questionnaires for respondents. This study was tested using SPSS 20 software. The results of this study indicate that the Brand Image variable has no difference in purchasing decisions. Namely with the t value of the Brand Image variable of 0.753 with the criteria of t table> 0.05, this shows that there is no significant difference, while for the price variables and menu variations there is each difference to the purchase decision, namely the value of t count in the variable price of 0.018 with the criteria of t table

Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Eva Sudarwati ◽  
Shynta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

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