scholarly journals P0224THE POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN UNDETERMINED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKDU) AND ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS (AIN) IN THE DRY ZONE REGIONS OF SRI LANKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakila Premarathne ◽  
Nishantha Nanayakkara ◽  
Rohana Chandrajith ◽  
R M S K Rathnayake ◽  
Neelakanthi Rathnathunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims An environmental nephropathy which is widely known as Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) has been reported in dry zone of Sri Lanka and few other tropical countries. It is already become a major public health problem resulting immense social, economic and health impacts. In recent past, symptomatic presentation of CKDu with tubulitis (CKDuT)/ Acute Interstitial Nephritis indicating activity (AIN) has been reported from Sri Lanka and Central America. The AIN is a nonspecific response of kidney to an injurious agent. Usually the responsible aetiology is obvious in AIN, but not in CKDu cases, however, believed to be a sequel of interstitial nephritis. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational exposures or risk factors associated in AIN cases. Method In a two years of a comprehensive investigation, 60 individuals who reported with AIN were investigated. Once a case is reported, a home visit was carried out and behavioural pattern associated risk factors were assessed by a structured questionnaire in which working behaviours and conditions, spraying of agrochemical, usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and probable exposed environmental conditions were considered. Results Majority of AIN patients were male (90:10%) with the mean age of (44 ± 1.2) ranging from 26 - 62years. Among the study group, 53% were full time farmers while 77% of were doing farming either full time or part time. 55% of patients applied agrochemicals by themselves. 52% of individuals have used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 12% of individuals were sand miners while 7% and 5% were full time masons or labourers. 2% were engaged both farming and mason as full time employment. 15% were doing other employment except the above. Smoking, alcohol consumption and betel chewing were reported in the group as 50%, 57% and 72% respectively. Majority of patients were reported from Girandurukotte (17%), Wilgamuwa (32%) and Mahiyanganaya (35%) regions where CKDu are widely reported. Study indicated that there was no any significant pattern of AIN incidents over the study period. Conclusion Mean age of reported CKDuT were at least ten years younger than the mean age of CKDu. Comparatively higher number of sex ratio has been found in CKDuT indicating the male dominance. Some of the demographic features of AIN patients were similar with CKDu patients and both CKDu and AIN patients are engaged in farming either full time or part time.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Israeli Family Farms: Long-Run Trends in the Farm Size Distribution and the Role of Part-Time Farming

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Ayal Kimhi ◽  
Nitzan Tzur-Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Higher Moments ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Mean

Israeli agriculture has experienced rapid structural changes in recent decades, including the massive exit of farmers, a resulting increase in average farm size, a higher farm specialization and a higher reliance on non-farm income sources. The higher farm heterogeneity makes it necessary to examine changes in the entire farm size distribution rather than the common practice of analyzing changes in the average farm size alone. This article proposes a nonparametric analysis in which the change in the distribution of farm sizes between two periods is decomposed into several components, and the contributions of subgroups of farms to this change are analyzed. Using data on Israeli family farms, we analyze the changes in the farm size distribution in two separate time periods that are characterized by very different economic environments, focusing on the different contributions of full-time farms and part-time farms to the overall distributional changes. We found that between 1971 and 1981, a period characterized by stability and prosperity, the farm size distribution has shifted to the right with relatively minor changes in higher moments of the distribution. On the other hand, between 1981 and 1995, a largely unfavorable period to Israeli farmers, the change in the distribution was much more complex. While the overall change in the size distribution of farms was smaller in magnitude than in the earlier period, higher moments of the distribution were not less important than the increase in the mean and led to higher dispersion of farm sizes. Between 1971 and 1981, the contributions of full- and part-time farms to the change in the size distribution were quite similar. Between 1981 and 1995, however, full-time farms contributed mostly to the growth in the average farm size, while the average farm size among part-time farms actually decreased, and their contribution to the higher dispersion of farm sizes was quantitatively larger. This highlights the need to analyze the changes in the entire farm size distribution rather than focusing on the mean alone, and to allow for differences between types of farms.

Pediatrician's Practice Choices: Differences Between Part-time and Full-time Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Fritz ◽  
John D. Lantos
Keyword(s):  
Career Paths ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Status Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Responsibilities ◽  
Almost All

A national survey was used to study the differences in career and family patterns of pediatricians who work part-time (PT) vs those who work full-time (FT). A questionnaire mailed to 375 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics asked about age, marital status, number of children, type of practice, hours worked in particular duties, and attitudes about their choices. Sixty-five percent (n = 216) of the questionnaires were completed. The mean age of both the PT and FT women was 40 years, and FT men averaged 46 years. Thirty-seven percent of women had worked PT at some point in their careers; 21% were currently working PT. Only 70% of the FT women were married compared with 97% and 95% of PT women and FT men. The FT women had significantly fewer children (mean 1.27, compared with 2.34 for PT women and 2.39 for FT men). Part-time women in academic medicine tended to do little research or administrative work, but they had more teaching responsibilities. Almost all the PT women were happy with their decisions and careers despite the feeling among many that they had made career compromises. Many of the FT pediatricians wanted to work less. It is concluded that many women, particularly those with children, choose PT work in order to combine career and family duties. These choices may lead to different career paths for women pediatricians. By recognizing these different career paths, it may be possible for academic institutions to benefit from the unique contributions that PT women pediatricians can make.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and Symptom Burden among Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology (CKDu) Patients in Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama ◽  
Swarna Wimalasiri ◽  
Yu Koyama ◽  
Mieko Uchiyama ◽  
Utako Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Symptom burden and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are important predictors of how a disease affects patients’ lives, especially for endemic health problems such as chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu). Our study describes symptom burden, HRQOL, and associated demographic and clinical variables in CKDu patients in the Girandurukotte area, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study included 120 CKDu patients attending the renal clinic in the endemic area. The instruments applied were the Kidney Disease Quality of Life—Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM) version 1.3 and CKD Symptom Index—Sri Lanka. Socio-demographic, disease-related, and anthropometric variables were also investigated. The mean age of patients was 61.87 (SD 11.31), while 69.2% were male. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 28.17 (SD 14.03) mL/min/1.73 min2, and 70.8% were anemic. Bone/joint pain was the most experienced symptom while the median number of symptoms reported by patients was 5 (IQR 3–7). The mean symptom burden, physical component summary, mental component summary, and kidney-disease-specific component scores were 12.71 (SD 10.45), 68.63 (SD 19.58), 78.53 (SD 18.78), and 81.57 (SD 5.86), respectively. Age was found to be a significant predictor of HRQOL, while hemoglobin level and being a farmer were significant predictors of symptom burden. Our data indicate that CKDu patients in all stages experience at least one symptom affecting all aspects of HRQOL.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME - AN EMERGING RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Ashwini Shenai ◽  
Savitha G
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common health problem worldwide. According to third national health and nutrition examination survey criteria, about 47 million people have MetS. It is defined as having three or more of the following five risk factors including abdominal obesity, increased triglyceride levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose levels. These components of MetS are major risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) also. CKD is a major public problem and it is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between MetS and CKD.Methods: A total of 50 patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals were enrolled into the study which includes 25 patients with MetS and 25 healthy individuals. 5 mL of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum triglycerides, serum urea, and creatinine using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: The mean body mass index, FBS, serum creatinine, and triglyceride levels were higher in MetS patients in comparison to healthy individuals. The mean body mass index (BMI), FBS, serum urea, serum creatinine, and triglyceride levels in the control group and MetS group were 27.75±3.67, 84.8±12.5, 17.52±5.2, 0.91±0.17, and 96.5±60.13 and 35.14±4.25, 108.8±34.69, 21.4±5.9, 1.0±0.14, and 239.76±51.21, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean BMI, FBS, urea, creatinine, and triglyceride levels of the above group.Conclusion: Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in MetS individuals. Hence, MetS could be a one of the risk factors for the development of CKD.

Parenting stress and self-reported discipline strategies of Kenyan caregiving grandmothers

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Odhiambo Oburu ◽  
Kerstin Palmérus
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Age

The present study examined the discipline methods used and personal and social determinants of power assertive strategies amongst 113 part-time and 128 full-time adoptive grandmothers of Kenyan children aged 1–10 years. Most of these children had been orphaned by AIDS. Evidence obtained from the study suggested that these caregivers’ employment of power assertive strategies were linked to the total stress experienced, educational attainment, and child age but not to the gender of children adopted. The results also indicated a higher prevalence of the assertive and behaviour modification strategies amongst participants over the mean age of 62 years, respondents having basic education (1–12yrs), and those dealing with transgressions of children aged 6 years and above. Coercive verbal forms of control were mainly used by younger grandmothers, or caregivers of children aged less than 6 years. The least preferred inductive strategies were employed by younger respondents, persons lacking formal education, or those dealing with children of both gender aged below 6 years. These findings suggested that the antecedents of power assertive strategies lay both within personal and contextual factors.

scholarly journals Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease among Tamil Nadu Population- ACross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chandan Bala ◽  
M Jayabharathy ◽  
S Sheba Yesu Priya ◽  
S Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Chronic kidney failure in India and around the world is a significant health problem. The most effective and affordable treatment may require screening for early detection,intervention and prevention. Public awareness is a key determinant to overcome the burden of Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD). However, there is a lack of information on CKD among South Indian people. Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge of CKD among the South Indian population. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted through an online form; the questions were generally based on the physiological role of kidney and awareness questions related to CKD. The sample size was 500 participants, of age >18 years and snowball sampling method was implemented. Among the study population, 68 participants had a family history of CKD and they were excluded. The data were analysed through Pearson Chi-Square test. Results: The mean knowledge score was 13 (SD±5.0), with values ranging from 0 to 22. The mean age of the population was 47.80±8.5 years. Multiple regression on demographic data and knowledge yielded statistically negligible results.The study population included 432 participants and the result showed the realms that most responded incorrectly were physiology of kidney, CKD symptoms, risk factors and the domain of testing and diagnosis. Conclusion: The participants had ample knowledge of the risk factors, signs and symptoms of CKD and insufficient knowledge of the physiological function of the kidney and the diagnosis of CKD. Therefore, efforts are necessary to create awareness and educate people about the early detection and prevention of CKD.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. U. H. Piyathilake ◽  
W. A. C. Udeshani ◽  
H. A. C. S. Hapuarachchi ◽  
L. V. Ranaweera ◽  
E. P. N. Udayakumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Geochemical Risk

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in the Uva Province (UP) of Sri Lanka has received much attention over the past two decades. Many scientists assumed that prolonged consumption of drinking water with high levels of contaminants may be the causative factor. Thus, the prime objective of this study is to develop a binary logistic regression model based on water quality parameters and the prevalence of CKDu to find out the geochemical risk factors that affect the CKDu. For this, 260 groundwater samples were collected following a stratified random sampling method and analyzed for its major cations, anions, and selected trace element contents. In the model, the dichotomous dependent variable defines the availability of CKDu patients, and explanatory variables define groundwater quality parameters. According to the best-fit model, F− and PO43- levels of the groundwater were found to be the geochemical risk factors that were significantly associated with the progression of CKDu in the study area. Furthermore, it was shown that geochemical processes such as dissolution of bedrocks are the causative phenomenon of the enhancement of F− levels in the groundwater sources. It has also been observed that the PO43- concentrations of the groundwater possibly increase because of the intensive application of agrochemicals in addition to geogenic sources. The results of this study can be used by the government authorities in groundwater management and the management of the prevalence of CKDu disease in the study area. Furthermore, the findings of this study will contribute to the policy-makers in Sri Lanka for providing safe drinking water to meet the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Prevalence of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Problems Among Professional Orchestra Musicians in South Africa: A Study Using the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Clorinda Panebianco
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Orchestral Musicians

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMPs) in professional musicians is well documented in the literature, but few studies have been done on South African professional musicians. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PRMPs, pain intensity, and pain interference among full-time and part-time orchestral musicians, using a validated self-report instrument specifically designed for musicians. METHODS: Seventy-nine full-time and part-time professional orchestral musicians took part in the study and completed the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM). RESULTS: A lifetime prevalence of PRMPs was 76% and point prevalence 30%. Of the PRMP group, 30% experienced current pain that interfered with their ability to play. Upper strings players reported the most PRMPs. The most commonly reported pain locations were right and left upper limb, neck, forearm, and elbow. The mean pain intensity score for the PRMP group was 16.3 (SD 6.62) (out of 40) and the mean pain interference score was 21.2 (9.98) (out of 50). Female musicians reported experiencing pain more frequently and intensely and also reported more pain sites than males. CONCLUSIONS: This study, the first to make use of a validated self-report instrument, shows that musculoskeletal problems are common among full-time and part-time professional orchestral musicians in South Africa.

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