scholarly journals 715. Evaluation of Four Chromogenic Selective Media for the Isolation of Candida auris

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S457-S457
Author(s):  
Lynette Phee ◽  
Lee Ling Kwang ◽  
Tong Yong Ng
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Selective Media

Abstract Background Candida auris is an emerging healthcare-associated multi-drug resistant pathogen able to cause severe invasive infections. Public health agencies have emphasized the need for active surveillance of C. auris to enable prompt infection control measures in healthcare institutions. Four commercially available chromogenic selective media were evaluated for the isolation of C. auris in this study. Methods Four chromogenic selective media (Brilliance Candida (BC), CHROMagar Candida (CC), CHROMagar Candida Plus (CCP) and chromID Candida (CAN2)) were evaluated with 52 fungal and 20 bacterial strains. Isolates were identified with Vitek matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS). 1 µL spots of broth subcultures of each organism were inoculated onto chromogenic media and incubated as per manufacturer’s instructions. Plates were read at 24, 36 and 48 hours. Sabouraud Dextrose agar (fungi) or blood agar (bacteria) were inoculated to obtain viable counts. All reads were categorized into color groups. Sensitivity and specificity were determined based on phenotypic characteristics after 48h of incubation. Additionally, spots of serially diluted C. auris type strain CDC B11903 were assessed for expression of the expected C. auris phenotype at 36, 48 and 72 h. Probit regression model (R version 3.6.3) was used to estimate limit of detection (LOD) for each medium at each time-point. Results A minimum of 36h incubation (optimally > 48 h) was required for observation of distinct color and colony morphology. CCP performed best overall, with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Sensitivity was 100% across all 4 media, but specificity was reduced (BC – 66%, CAN2 – 83%, CC – 81%). The lowest LOD was observed with CCP at 4 colony-forming units (CFU). See figure 1 for details. Figure 1. Comparison of limit of detection for C. auris by type of chromogenic selective media across various time-points. Conclusion Rapid isolation and accurate identification of C. auris from samples, including those from non-sterile sites, are crucial for the management of C. auris infections and in curtailing nosocomial transmission. Chromogenic media are simple to use, inexpensive and scalable; ideal for routine diagnostics and high volume screening samples. Of the 4 media evaluated, CCP is best suited to screen for C. auris, with subsequent confirmation of identification using MS or genotypic methods. Disclosures Lynette Phee, MD PhD, Creative Life Science Co. Ltd (Creative Media Plate) (Other Financial or Material Support, Provided some of the CHROMagar Candida and CHROMagar Candida Plus plates free-of-charge for evaluation purposes.)Fort Richard Laboratories (Other Financial or Material Support, Provided some of the CHROMagar Candida Plus plates free-of-charge for evaluation purposes.)

Candida auris and Nosocomial Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweety Dahiya ◽  
Anil K. Chhillar ◽  
Namita Sharma ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Aruna Punia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The existence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic fungus, Candida auris came to light in 2009. This particular organism is capable of causing nosocomial infections in immunecompromised persons. This pathogen is associated with consistent candidemia with high mortality rate and presents a serious global health threat. Whole genome sequence (WGS) investigation detected powerful phylogeographic Candida auris genotypes which are specialized to particular geological areas indicating dissemination of particular genotype among provinces. Furthermore, this organism frequently exhibits multidrug-resistance and displays an unusual sensitivity profile. Identification techniques that are commercialized to test Candida auris often show inconsistent results and this misidentification leads to treatment failure which complicates the management of candidiasis. Till date, Candida auris has been progressively recorded from several countries and therefore its preventive control measures are paramount to interrupt its transmission. In this review, we discussed prevalence, biology, drug-resistance phenomena, virulence factors and management of Candida auris infections.

scholarly journals A rapid, accurate, scalable, and portable testing system for COVID-19 diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanhua Xun ◽  
Stephan Thomas Lane ◽  
Vassily Andrew Petrov ◽  
Brandon Elliott Pepa ◽  
Huimin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Volume ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Speed Accuracy

AbstractThe need for rapid, accurate, and scalable testing systems for COVID-19 diagnosis is clear and urgent. Here, we report a rapid Scalable and Portable Testing (SPOT) system consisting of a rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate assay and a battery-powered portable device for COVID-19 diagnosis. The SPOT assay comprises a one-pot reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) followed by PfAgo-based target sequence detection. It is capable of detecting the N gene and E gene in a multiplexed reaction with the limit of detection (LoD) of 0.44 copies/μL and 1.09 copies/μL, respectively, in SARS-CoV-2 virus-spiked saliva samples within 30 min. Moreover, the SPOT system is used to analyze 104 clinical saliva samples and identified 28/30 (93.3% sensitivity) SARS-CoV-2 positive samples (100% sensitivity if LoD is considered) and 73/74 (98.6% specificity) SARS-CoV-2 negative samples. This combination of speed, accuracy, sensitivity, and portability will enable high-volume, low-cost access to areas in need of urgent COVID-19 testing capabilities.

scholarly journals Microbiome-based environmental monitoring of a dairy processing facility highlights the challenges associated with low microbial-load samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife J. McHugh ◽  
Min Yap ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Conor Feehily ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Sequencing Platforms

AbstractEfficient and accurate identification of microorganisms throughout the food chain can potentially allow the identification of sources of contamination and the timely implementation of control measures. High throughput DNA sequencing represents a potential means through which microbial monitoring can be enhanced. While Illumina sequencing platforms are most typically used, newer portable platforms, such as the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION, offer the potential for rapid analysis of food chain microbiomes. Initial assessment of the ability of rapid MinION-based sequencing to identify microbes within a simple mock metagenomic mixture is performed. Subsequently, we compare the performance of both ONT and Illumina sequencing for environmental monitoring of an active food processing facility. Overall, ONT MinION sequencing provides accurate classification to species level, comparable to Illumina-derived outputs. However, while the MinION-based approach provides a means of easy library preparations and portability, the high concentrations of DNA needed is a limiting factor.

scholarly journals A Novel Thiosemicarbazide-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Hypochlorite in Near-Perfect Aqueous Solution and Zebrafish

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Minji Lee ◽  
Donghwan Choe ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Hyeongjin Kim ◽  
Soomin Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Marked Selectivity ◽  
Uv Visible

A novel thiosemicarbazide-based fluorescent sensor (AFC) was developed. It was successfully applied to detect hypochlorite (ClO−) with fluorescence quenching in bis-tris buffer. The limit of detection of AFC for ClO− was analyzed to be 58.7 μM. Importantly, AFC could be employed as an efficient and practical fluorescent sensor for ClO− in water sample and zebrafish. Moreover, AFC showed a marked selectivity to ClO− over varied competitive analytes with reactive oxygen species. The detection process of AFC to ClO− was illustrated by UV–visible and fluorescent spectroscopy and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI–MS).

scholarly journals A highly sensitive octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe for determination of abamectin B1 in apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenlong Guo ◽  
YiFei Su ◽  
Kexin Li ◽  
MengYi Tang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractThe development of detecting residual level of abamectin B1 in apples is of great importance to public health. Herein, we synthesized a octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe 1,3,5-tris (5′-[(E)-(p-phenoxyazo) diazenyl)] benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) benzene (TPB) for preliminary detection of abamectin B1 in apples. The TPB molecule has been characterized by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrometry, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and fluorescent spectra. A proper determination condition was optimized, with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.3 µg L−1 and 4.4 μg L−1, respectively. The mechanism of this probe to identify abamectin B1 was illustrated in terms of undergoing aromatic nucleophilic substitution, by comparing fluorescence changes, FT-IR and ESI-MS. Furthermore, a facile quantitative detection of the residual abamectin B1 in apples was achieved. Good reproducibility was present based on relative standard deviation of 2.2%. Six carboxyl recognition sites, three azo groups and unique fluorescence signal towards abamectin B1 of this fluorescent probe demonstrated reasonable sensitivity, specificity and selectivity. The results indicate that the octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe can be expected to be reliable for evaluating abamectin B1 in agricultural foods.

scholarly journals SCA Medium: A New Culture Medium for the Isolation of All Candida auris Clades

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ibrahim ◽  
Lucie Peyclit ◽  
Rim Abdallah ◽  
Saber Khelaifia ◽  
Amanda Chamieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Selective Culture Medium

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast causing nosocomial infections and associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Rapid identification and characterisation are necessary for diagnosis and containing its spread. In this study, we present a selective culture medium for all C. auris clades. This medium is sensitive with a limit of detection ranging between 101 and 102 CFU/mL. The 100% specificity of SCA (specific C. auris) medium is confirmed on a set of 135 Candida strains, 50 bacterial species and 200 human stool samples. Thus, this medium specifically selects for C. auris isolation from clinical samples, allowing the latter to study its phenotypic profile.

ISSR-Derived Species-Specific SCAR Marker for Rapid and Accurate Authentication of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Vereena Rodrigues ◽  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
Kuppusamy Baskaran ◽  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum has been widely used in traditional medicine and has high medicinal value. High volume trade of this potential medicinal plant species led to unscrupulous adulteration of both crude drugs as well as formulations. Morphology-based authentication is difficult in cases of incomplete or damaged samples and in dried herbal materials. In such cases, PCR-based molecular methods may aid in accurate identification. The present study aimed at developing species-specific DNA marker(s) for the authentication of O. tenuiflorum. A species-specific amplicon (279 bp) generated through an inter-simple sequence repeat marker (UBC 835) in all individuals of O. tenuiflorum was cloned, sequenced, and a primer pair was developed (designated as CIM-OT-835F/CIM-OT-835R). The newly developed sequence characterized amplified region marker was validated through PCR amplification in all available seven species of Ocimum, and its specificity for O. tenuiflorum was confirmed with the consistent generation of an amplicon of 177 bp. The developed marker can be used for accurate and rapid identification of the species for certification purposes and will be useful in quality control of medicinal preparations containing this important medicinal species.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Health Care Workers and Its Containment in a Tertiary Care Hospital, in South India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Rahman ◽  
Ragini Ananth Kashid
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Hospital Infection Control

MRSA causes nosocomial and community based infections. It is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Resistance in MRSA is encoded by mecA gene. Anterior nares are the ecological niche of Staphylococcus aureus. HCWs who are colonized with MRSA, act as agents of cross contamination of hospital and community acquired MRSA. Treating MRSA infections is a therapeutic challenge as it is resistant to beta lactam group of drugs. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and accurate detection of MRSA carriage in HCWs and to understand its antibiotic susceptibility pattern.The objective of the present study is to estimate the occurrence of MRSA in HCWs, using phenotypic and genotypic methods. A prospective study for six months was conducted after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee clearance. Anterior nasal swabs of those HCWs who gave informed consent were taken processed for culture and sensitivity as per standard protocol. To detect MIC for oxacillin, E-strip method was used. mecA gene detection was done by PCR. A total of 300 HCWs were sampled.14.66% (44/300) of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, of which 10 isolates were detected as MRSA. The overall isolation rate of MRSA is 3.33 %(10/300). MRSA carriage was high amongst nurses (5/59, 8.47%), followed by doctors (4/105, 3.80%).Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that highest resistance was to penicillin (75%) followed by amoxiclav (70.45 %).9 MRSA isolates were detected as mecA gene positive by PCR. MRSA carriers were decontaminated successfully with 2% mupirocin ointment and 2% chlorhexidine shampoo. This study reiterates the need for rapid and accurate identification of HCWs who have nasal colonization with MRSA, for reinforcing hospital infection control measures and decontamination protocol. This will help prevent the spread of MRSA in our community.

scholarly journals 161. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Candida auris Colonization Among Patients in a Long-term Acute Care Hospital—New Jersey, 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S14-S14
Author(s):  
Faye Rozwadowski ◽  
Jarred McAteer ◽  
Nancy A Chow ◽  
Kimberly Skrobarcek ◽  
Kaitlin Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Candida Auris

Abstract Background Candida auris can be transmitted in healthcare settings, and patients can become asymptomatically colonized, increasing risk for invasive infection and transmission. We investigated an ongoing C. auris outbreak at a 30-bed long-term acute care hospital to identify colonization for C. auris prevalence and risk factors. Methods During February–June 2017, we conducted point prevalence surveys every 2 weeks among admitted patients. We abstracted clinical information from medical records and collected axillary and groin swabs. Swabs were tested for C. auris. Data were analyzed to identify risk factors for colonization with C. auris by evaluating differences between colonized and noncolonized patients. Results All 101 hospitalized patients were surveyed, and 33 (33%) were colonized with C. auris. Prevalence of colonization ranged from 8% to 38%; incidence ranged from 5% to 20% (figure). Among colonized patients with available data, 19/27 (70%) had a tracheostomy, 20/31 (65%) had gastrostomy tubes, 24/33 (73%) ventilator use, and 12/27 (44%) had hemodialysis. Also, 31/33 (94%) had antibiotics and 13/33 (34%) antifungals during hospitalization. BMI for colonized patients (mean = 30.3, standard deviation (SD) = 10) was higher than for noncolonized patients (mean = 26.5, SD = 7.9); t = −2.1; P = 0.04). Odds of colonization were higher among Black patients (33%) vs. White patients (16%) (odds ratio [OR] 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–9.8), and those colonized with other multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) (72%) vs. noncolonized (44%) (OR 3.2; CI 1.3–8.0). Odds of death were higher among colonized patients (OR 4.6; CI 1.6—13.6). Conclusion Patients in long-term acute care facilities and having high prevalences of MDROs might be at risk for C. auris. Such patients with these risk factors could be targeted for enhanced surveillance to facilitate early detection of C. auris. Infection control measures to reduce MDROs’ spread, including hand hygiene, contact precautions, and judicious use of antimicrobials, could prevent further C. auris transmission. Acknowledgements The authors thank Janet Glowicz and Kathleen Ross. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Management of Candida auris outbreak in a tertiary-care setting in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Azzam Mohammed ◽  
Majed F. Alghoribi ◽  
Sameera M. Al Johani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Environmental Cleaning ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Tertiary Care Setting

Abstract Objective: To describe local experience in managing an outbreak of Candida auris in a tertiary-care setting. Methods: In response to emerging Candida auris, an outbreak investigation was conducted at our hospital between March 2018 and June 2019. Once a patient was confirmed to have Candida auris, screening of exposed patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) was conducted. Postexposure screening included those who had had direct contact with or shared the same unit or ward with a laboratory-confirmed case. In response to the increasing number of cases, new infection control measures were implemented. Results: In total, 23 primary patients were detected over 15 months. Postexposure screening identified 11 more cases, and all were patients. Furthermore, ~28.6% of patients probably caught infection in another hospital or in the community. Infection control measures were strictly implemented including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, patient hygiene, environmental cleaning, cohorting of patients and HCWs, and avoiding the sharing of equipment. The wave reached a peak in April 2019, followed by a sharp decrease in May 2019 and complete clearance in June 2019. The case patients were equally distributed between intensive care units (51.4%) and wards (48.6%). More infections (62.9%) occurred than colonizations (37.1%). Urinary tract infection (42.9%) and candidemia (17.1%) were the main infections. In total, 7 patients (20.0%) died during hospitalization; among them, 6 (17.1%) died within 30 days of diagnosis. Conclusions: Active screening of exposed patients followed by strict infection control measures, including environmental cleaning, was successful in ending the outbreak. Preventing future outbreaks is challenging due to outside sources of infection and environmental resistance.

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