scholarly journals 671. Increased Disease Severity and Larger Household Size Among Hispanic Infants With Pertussis: Chicago, IL, 2010–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S243-S243
Author(s):  
Enrique Ramirez ◽  
Allison Arwady ◽  
Peter Ruestow ◽  
Marielle Fricchione
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Household Member ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Member Size

Abstract Background Infants experience higher pertussis incidence and mortality compared with other age groups and 85% of infant cases are acquired from a household member. The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) noted increased pertussis incidence among Hispanics from 2014 (5.3 cases per 100,000 population) to 2016 (12.3 cases per 100,000 population) while other ethnicities remained stable. Methods All pertussis cases reported to CDPH through the Illinois National Electronic Disease Surveillance System with onsets from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016 were included in the analyses. Variables of interest were age, race/ethnicity, household size, disease severity, healthcare location of diagnosis, and hospitalization. To assess differences in demographic and care-related indicators between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) infants, chi-square tests were performed; risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results From 2010–2016, 1,036 pertussis cases were reported to CDPH including 276 infants aged <1 year. Among infant cases, 187(68%) were <4 months of age, 143(52%) male, 151(55%) were Hispanic and 54(20%) were NHW. Median household size for infants of all ethnicities was four members (range: 0–15). Of all infants with household member size of ≥4 persons (157), 64% were Hispanic. 185 (67%) of infants had ≥1 severe symptom (apnea, cyanosis, pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy) and 133 (48%) were hospitalized. Diagnosis occurred in the emergency room (ER) for 199 (72%) infants. Hispanics were more likely than NHW to have household member size ≥4 (RR 1.9, P < 0.05), severe symptoms (RR 1.6, P < 0.05), hospitalization (RR 2.3, P < 0.05), and diagnosis in the ER (RR 2.8, P < 0.05) (Table 1). Conclusion Among Chicago infant pertussis cases, Hispanic infants have larger household sizes and more severe disease at time of diagnosis compared with NHW. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Meningococcal disease epidemiology in Australia 10 years after implementation of a national conjugate meningococcal C immunization programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2382-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. LAWRENCE ◽  
H. WANG ◽  
M. LAHRA ◽  
R. BOOY ◽  
P. B. McINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Vaccine Failures

SUMMARYAustralia implemented conjugate meningococcal C immunization in 2003 with a single scheduled dose at age 12 months and catch-up for individuals aged 2–19 years. Several countries have recently added one or more booster doses to their programmes to maintain disease control. Australian disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data were used to assess longer term vaccine coverage and impact on invasive serogroup C disease incidence and mortality, and review vaccine failures. Coverage was 93% in 1-year-olds and 70% for catch-up cohorts. In 10 years, after adjusting for changes in diagnostic practices, population invasive serogroup C incidence declined 96% (95% confidence interval 94–98) to 0·4 and 0·6 cases/million in vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, respectively. Only three serogroup C deaths occurred in 2010–2012vs.68 in 2000–2002. Four (<1/million doses) confirmed vaccine failures were identified in 10 years with no increasing trend. Despite published evidence of waning antibody over time, an ongoing single dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the second year of life following widespread catch-up has resulted in near elimination of serogroup C disease in all age groups without evidence of vaccine failures in the first decade since introduction. Concurrently, serogroup B incidence declined independently by 55%.

scholarly journals Factors associated with increasing campylobacteriosis incidence in Michigan, 2004–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (15) ◽  
pp. 3316-3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CHA ◽  
T. HENDERSON ◽  
J. COLLINS ◽  
S. D. MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Animal Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Case Data

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to examine the incidence trend of campylobacteriosis in Michigan over a 10-year period and to investigate risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with infection. Campylobacter case data from 2004 to 2013 was obtained from the Michigan Disease Surveillance System. We conducted statistical and spatial analyses to examine trends and identify factors linked to campylobacteriosis as well as ecological associations using animal density data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service. An increasing trend of Campylobacter incidence and hospitalization was observed, which was linked to specific age groups and rural residence. Cases reporting ruminant contact and well water as the primary drinking source had a higher risk of campylobacteriosis, while higher cattle density was associated with an increased risk at the county level. Additional studies are needed to identify age-specific risk factors and examine prevalence and transmission dynamics in ruminants and the environment to aid in the development of more effective preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in Houston, Texas: An outline

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafeez Rehman ◽  
Imran Shaikh ◽  
Kasimu Muhetaer ◽  
Salma Khuwaja
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections

ObjectiveTo examine demographic as well as clinical characteristics of theCarbapenam Resistant Enteriobacteriacae (CRE) Organisms cases inHouston, Texas, 2015-2016IntroductionAccording to CDC, CRE is used to describe bacteria that are non-susceptible to one or more carbapenems; doripenem, meropenemor imipenem and resistant to third generation cephalosporins likeceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. These organisms causeinfections that are associated with high mortality rates and they havethe potential to spread widely. Antibiotic resistant bacteria causemore than 2 million illnesses and at least 23,000 deaths each year inUnited States. CREs are found in many health care settings like acutecare hospitals, long term care facilities, nursing homes, rehabilitationfacilities and other health care settings. Although CREs includes anumber of species, reporting in State of Texas is limited to CRE-Klebsiellaspecies and CRE-E.coli.MethodsPopulation-based surveillance data was generated from Houston’selectronic disease surveillance system reported to Houston HealthDepartment (HHD) from October 2015 to July 2016. Descriptiveanalysis was performed to examine demographic and clinicalcharacteristics across different age groups, gender and race/ethnicity.HHD has received a total of 463 CRE cases during the time period,out of which 72 were non-reportable and did not meet the casecriteria, 187 were out of jurisdiction. The remaining 204 cases wereincluded in this study.ResultsOut of a total of 204 cases, males and females were representedequally (50% each). The mean age of the cases was 67 years(age ranges from 22-98). Majority of the cases were in the older agegroup, 70 years and above 53 (26%), followed by 48 (24%) in agegroup 80 and above years. Among the different race/ethnic groups,African-Americans comprised of 82 (40%), followed by Whites67 (33%) and Hispanics 33 (16%). Out of 204 cases, 156 (76%)were hospitalized, which included acute care hospital, long-termacute care or nursing home. Out of 156 hospitalized cases, 71 (34%)were in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 136 (67%) had an invasiveor indwelling device. Of all the cases, 80% had CREKlebsiellapneumoniae, followed by 11% who had CRE- E coli. The cases weredistributed evenly across the city when plotted on ArcGIS with theirresidential addresses.ConclusionsCRE cases are found to be more common among older age groups,African American population and in hospitalized patients. CRE canbe a ground for increasing infectious diseases in the community andone of the reason may be unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents.This study provides a glimpse into the number of CRE cases reportedin Houston since CREs are classified a separate disease in Texas.Further studies are needed to explore the occurrence of anti-microbialdrug resistance among the specific population groups and how thecase investigation efforts can be targeted to enhance prevention.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality of diagnosed and silent coronary heart disease in Quebec

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blais ◽  
L. Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Incident Cases

Introduction Of all cardiovascular causes of mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death. Our objectives were to establish trends in the prevalence and incidence of CHD in the province of Quebec, and to determine the proportion of CHD mortality that had no previous CHD diagnosis. Methods Trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality were examined with a population-based study using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System, which links several health administrative databases. Data are presented using two case definitions for Quebecers aged 20 years and over: 1) a validated definition, and 2) CHD causes of death codes added to estimate the proportion of deaths that occurred without any previous CHD diagnosis as a proxy for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Results In 2012/2013, the crude prevalence of CHD was 9.4% with the first definition (593 000 people). Between 2000/2001 and 2012/2013, the age-standardized prevalence increased by 14%, although it has been decreasing slightly since 2009/2010. Agestandardized incidence and mortality rates decreased by 46% and 26% respectively, and represented a crude rate of 6.9 per 1000 and 5.2% in 2012/2013. The proportion identified only by CHD mortality, our SCD proxy, was only significant for the incident cases (0.38 per 1000 in 2009/2010) and declined over the study period. Conclusion The prevalence of CHD has tended to decrease in recent years, and incidence and mortality have been declining in Quebec. Most CHD mortality occurs in previously diagnosed patients and only a small proportion of incident cases were not previously identified.

Abstract P053: Increment And Stabilization Of Diabetes Prevalence In The Province Of Quebec, Canada: A Combination Of Lower Mortality And Incidence In Older Adults Only

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O'Connor ◽  
Claudia Blais ◽  
Jacinthe Leclerc ◽  
Denis Hamel ◽  
Marjolaine Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Crude Prevalence

Introduction: In the last decade, an increase in the prevalence and a reduction in the incidence of diabetes have been observed in many countries including Canada. Yet, some Canadian provinces depicted an elevation in incidence rates among younger age groups. Our objective was to document these trends in the province of Quebec from fiscal years 2001 to 2017. Hypothesis: Prevalence is increasing because of raising incidence in individuals aged <50 years. Methods: Prevalence, incidence and all-cause mortality among cases of diabetes ≥20 years were assessed using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (n=6,551,045 in 2017). Estimations were age-standardized or stratified by 10-year age groups. Results: In 2017, the crude prevalence and incidence of diabetes were 9.9% [99% confidence interval: 9.9-10.0] (n=651,370) and 6.0 per 1,000 inhabitants [5.9-6.0] (n=35,355), respectively. Between 2001 and 2017, the age-standardized prevalence increased by 43% (6.3% [6.3-6.3] to 9.0% [9.0-9.1]), while age-standardized incidence decreased by 29% (8.3 per 1,000 [8.2-8.4] to 5.9 per 1,000 [5.9-6.0]). In every age group, the prevalence increased steadily with progressive stabilization from 2011 and onward, except for the 60-69 years old group who depicted a reduction from 2012 to 2017. Incidence remained stable among <50 years old, while it decreased for ≥50 years (-26%, -33%, -36% for 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years old, respectively) (Figure 1). Age-standardized mortality among adults with diabetes decreased by 24% (20.7 per 1,000 [20.1-21.3] to 15.8 per 1,000 [15.4-16.3]). Mortality rates decreased by 27% among the 40-49 years old, with greater reductions in older age groups (-28%, -35%, -34% in the 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years, respectively). Conclusions: The rise and stabilization of diabetes prevalence could be due to a reduction in incidence in patients aged ≥50 years and mortality among all age groups. Prevention of diabetes should be a priority among individuals aged <50 years as diabetes incidence is not decreasing.

The impact of comorbidities on COVID -19 severity and mortality in Egypt (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Elghazaly ◽  
Hanaa Abu El Sood ◽  
Sahar Samy ◽  
Mohamad AbdelFatah ◽  
Mohamed Hassany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics

BACKGROUND Older population and people of any age with underlying certain comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, lung disease, kidney disease, liver disease and cancer are at higher risk of severe disease course and death if they become infected with COVID-19. Identifying risky group and risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality is important for guiding efficient and appropriate prevention and management of patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE This study aims at describing demographics and epidemiologic characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Egypt and determine the impact of different comorbidities on patients’ outcomes. METHODS Data of all confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to 408 governmental hospitals allover Egypt February-May 2020 were collected retrospectively from the National Egyptian Disease Surveillance System. Cases were confirmed using RT-PCR. RESULTS Overall, 28,415 patients (55.0% males, 45.0% females) were identified. Their median age was 44 years. Of those, 743(2.6%) were admitted to ICU, 408(1.4%) required ventilator and 1,045(3.7%) died. Of 21,617(76.1%) patients with completed data, 4,687(21.7%) had comorbidities. Overall, 11.8% had diabetes, 5.3% cardiovascular disease and 4.3% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Those with one comorbidity were more likely to die (OR = 2.83), admitted to ICU (OR = 6.36) and need ventilator (OR = 5.95) compared to patients with no comorbidities. Having multiple comorbidities increased risk of mortality (OR = 3.53), ICU admission (OR = 8.62), and requiring ventilator (OR = 9.06). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 Patients with comorbidities had higher risk of disease severity and mortality. Multiple comorbidities further increase the risk to higher extent. All necessary precautions should be taken for patients with comorbidities to avoid COVID-19 infection to prevent the worst prognosis.

scholarly journals Tissue Proteases and Immune Responses: Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Natália Mulinari Turin de Oliveira ◽  
Isabella Fernandes da Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva ◽  
Karien Sauruk da Silva ◽  
Laryssa Regis Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Population

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has affected the global population despite socioeconomic status and amazed surveillance agencies for its incidence, mortality, and recovery rates. COVID-19 affects all age groups; however, it is suggested to progress into severe disease and cause mortality in over 10% of the confirmed cases, depending on the individual characteristics of the affected population. One of the biggest unanswered questions it is why only some individuals develop into the severe stages of the disease. Current data indicate that most of the critically ill are the elderly or those with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and asthma. However, it has been noted that, in some populations, severe disease is mostly observed in much younger individuals (<60-years old) with no reported underlying medical conditions. Certainly, many factors may contribute to disease severity including intrinsic host factors such as genetic variants, the expression levels of tissue proteins, among others. Considering all these aspects, this review aims to discuss how the expression levels of tissue proteases and the different profiles of immune responses influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 as well as disease severity and outcome.

scholarly journals Trends of polypharmacy among older adults with schizophrenia in Quebec, Canada between 2000 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lunghi ◽  
L Rochette ◽  
A Ouali ◽  
C Sirois
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. As adults with schizophrenia age, they become at high risk for multimorbidity and polypharmacy. However, little is known about the trends in total medications use within this population. The objective of this study was to draw a portrait of polypharmacy among Quebec older adults with schizophrenia from 2000 to 2017. Methods This population-based cohort study used the data of the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System of the National Institute of Public Health of Quebec to characterize recent trends and patterns of medications use, according to age and sex. We identified all Quebec residents over 65 years with an ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia. We calculated the total number of medications used by every individual in each year under study, and the age- and sex-standardized proportion of individuals with polypharmacy (10+ medications, 15+, and 20+). We further identified the clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with polypharmacy using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimation. Results From 2000 to 2017, the prevalence of total medications used increased across all age groups, with a median of 8 medications consumed in 2000-2001, which rose to 11 in 2016-2017. The age-standardized proportion of people exposed to different degrees of polypharmacy also increased over time: 5+: 76.6% to 89.3%; 10+ drugs: 36.9% to 62.2%; 15+: 13.3% to 34.4%; 20+: 3.9% to 14.4%. In the multivariate regression, the only clinically significant factor associated with polypharmacy was the high number of diseases (e.g., 5+: RR = 1.29; 95% IC:1.44-1.53). Conclusions This study shows a noticeable increase in polypharmacy exposure of older adults with schizophrenia, raising concerns about the growing risks for adverse effects and drug interactions with antipsychotic treatments. Key messages Polypharmacy has constantly grown in the last two decades. Further research is needed to better understand outcomes of polypharmacy among older individuals with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 among children in Fulton County, Georgia, March 2020–June 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001223
Author(s):  
Chloe M Barrera ◽  
Mallory Hazell ◽  
Allison T Chamberlain ◽  
Neel R Gandhi ◽  
Udodirim Onwubiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Percent Positivity ◽  
Paediatric Age

ObjectiveTo describe case rates, testing rates and percent positivity of COVID-19 among children aged 0–18 years by school-age grouping.DesignWe abstracted data from Georgia’s State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on all 10 437 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among children aged 0–18 years during 30 March 2020 to 6 June 2021. We examined case rates, testing rates and percent positivity by school-aged groupings, namely: preschool (0–4 years), elementary school (5–10 years), middle school (11–13 years), and high school (14–18 years) and compared these data among school-aged children with those in the adult population (19 years and older).SettingFulton County, Georgia.Main outcome measuresCOVID-19 case rates, testing rates and percent positivity.ResultsOver time, the proportion of paediatric cases rose substantially from 1.1% (April 2020) to 21.6% (April 2021) of all cases in the county. Age-specific case rates and test rates were consistently highest among high-school aged children. Test positivity was similar across school-age groups, with periods of higher positivity among high-school aged children.ConclusionsLow COVID-19 testing rates among children, especially early in the pandemic, likely underestimated the true burden of disease in this age group. Despite children having lower measured incidence of COVID-19, we found when broader community incidence increased, incidence also increased among all paediatric age groups. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, it remains critical to continue learning about the incidence and transmissibility of COVID-19 in children.

scholarly journals P.065 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementias in Canada: First national surveillance data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S29-S29
Author(s):  
C Pelletier ◽  
C Robitaille ◽  
N Gabora-Roth ◽  
J Toews
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Group Sex

Background: With a growing and aging population, the number of individuals with AD and dementias and their associated costs are expected to increase in Canada. Up to now, no national mechanism was in place to monitor the epidemiological burden of AD and dementias. This presentation will showcase the first CCDSS data available on these conditions. Methods: Through the CCDSS, a Federal/Provincial/Territorial partnership, health administrative databases are linked to collect data on chronic conditions. Using selected ICD-9(CM)/ICD-10 codes for AD and dementias, the validated case definition implemented to identify relevant cases aged 65+ is:1+ hospitalizations; or3+ physician claims within 2 years, with a 30-day-gap between each claim; or1+ anti-dementia drug prescriptions.Prevalence and incidence rates will be presented by 5-year age group, sex, province/territory, and fiscal year. Results: Overall, incidence and prevalence rates were higher in women. The prevalence rate approximately doubled between 5-year age groups and sex differences tended to widen with age. While aged-standardised data show increasing prevalence rates over time, incidence rates fluctuated but suggest a decline since 2009/10. Conclusions: CCDSS data can be used to monitor the burden of AD and dementias in Canada. This information is important for the assessment of prevention actions and the planning of health care resources.

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