The Fusion of Jurisprudence and Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-274
Author(s):  
Edward A. Jr. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Characteristic ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Personal Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Degree

This chapter explains the second reason for Justice Antonin Scalia’s enduring historical significance in understanding American constitutionalism. The chapter argues that he was closely allied with the Republican Party and shared the values of the social groups that constituted the party’s base. His jurisprudence and judicial career reflected that fact and did so to an unusually high degree, implementing the conservative agenda in such areas as civil rights and cases involving the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, all designed to handicap plaintiffs across the board, especially those who sued governments and corporations. Thus, the chapter argues that Scalia’s jurisprudence and career exemplified a second fundamental characteristic of American constitutionalism, the close and informing relationship that exists between personal politics on one hand and formal methodologies and theories on the other. In his books, articles, speeches, and opinions, Scalia became a public celebrity and gave voice to virtually every theme in the conservative coalition’s rhetoric, and in the great majority of the cases he supported results consistent with the goals and values of that coalition.

scholarly journals Content and stylistic peculiarities of non-canonical Orthodox Internet Sermon in modern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Technical Professions

The paper is concerned with a study of the changing content and style of non-canonical Christian religious preaching in the digital age. Special attention is paid to the analysis of modern rhetoric Christian preachers practice in their Internet channels, forums and blogs. It is shown that the content of the Internet sermon is largely determined by the Internet users themselves and the topics of their appeals. The fundamental characteristics of the content of the Internet sermon are: 1) focus on the individual, their private goals and objectives, not just on theological problems; 2) rethinking the phenomenon of the neighbour; 3) a shift from the Hesychast tradition of preaching the importance of inner spiritual concentration to the preaching of religious interactivity. The observed stylistic features of the digital preaching can be summarised as follows: 1) moving away from simple answers to the rhetoric of new questions addressed to the audience; 2) empathy, co-participation with a person in his/her life conflicts and experiences; 3) desire to share religious information, not to impose it; 4) resorting to various rhetorical techniques to reach different audiences; 5) a tendency to use slang, sometimes even irrespective of the audience’s language preferences and expectations. It should be pointed out that the Orthodox Internet sermon in the Russian Internet space has a dual and contradictory nature. On the one hand, this phenomenon can be regarded as positive for the Orthodox preaching in general, since it is a means of spreading Christian ideas in the social groups that do not constitute a core of parishioners of Orthodox churches, for example, schoolchildren, students, representatives of technical professions, etc. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such preaching is still unclear. Lack of reliable statistics as well as the results of the survey related to the Orthodox Internet preaching gives us no opportunity to judge about effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the phenomenon at this stage of its development.

Positive regard for difference without identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cis And Trans

The contact hypothesis has been the go-to social psychology concept for promoting better relations between unequal social groups since its inception in the context of ‘racial’ de-segregation in the USA. The idea that contact between groups reduces prejudice has been applied to a range of dominant / subordinate social groups such as ethnic groups, homo/heterosexuals, cis and trans people. This chapter will question whether the aims and premises of contact theory are still useful in the context of increasingly subtle and systemic biases and inequalities, and whether and how it might be usefully extended to relations between more complex identities than simple pre-defined oppositional ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups.  To do so, it considers some examples of intergroup othering using case studies pertaining to backlashes against gender, sexual and ethnic diversity in the contemporary Australian context. This chapter proposes the fruitful combination of queer ethics, post-tolerance political theory and the social psychology concept of ‘allophilia’ (love for the other) to move towards fostering ‘positive regard’ as an alternative way to tackle prejudice. It suggests that queer ethics can lend a convincing strategy here, which I call ‘reading queerly’, that is, being able to approach an other with an openness that neither homogenises nor subordinates difference.

Who is my stranger?

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-201
Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Gain ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traditional Societies

This chapter explores the social and economic aspects of gift-exchange as a universal phenomenon. Examples drawn from both complex and traditional societies indicate that the personal gift and counter-gift, in which givers and receivers are known to each other and personally communicate with each other, is characterised by a great variety of sentiments and purposes. At one end of the spectrum, economic purposes may be dominant as in some forms of first-gifts which aim to achieve a material gain or to enhance prestige or to bring about material gain in the future. At the other end are those gifts whose purposes are predominantly social and moral in that as ‘total social facts’ they aim to serve friendly relationships, affection, and harmony between known individuals and social groups. Meanwhile, social gifts and actions carrying no explicit or implicit individual right to a return gift or action are forms of ‘creative altruism’.

Peasant Resistance in Ethiopia: the Case of Weyane

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebru Tareke
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Peasant Resistance

Weyane was a spontaneous, localized peasant uprising with limited objectives. It occurred in 1943 because several disaffected social groups in the eastern part of Tigrai believed that they could defeat or at least extract substantial concessions from a weak transitional government. The multiplicity of objectives roughly correspond to the divergent interests of the participants: the sectarian nobility wanted a greater share in the regional reallocation of power, the semi-pastoral communities of the lowlands were interested in pre-empting feudal incorporation, and the highland cultivators wanted to terminate the excessive demands of officialdom and militia. The convergence of these forces made Weyane possible; the disorganization of the ruling strata and the subsequent defection of a segment of the territorial nobility enormously enhanced the peasants' capacity for collective action. But this very heterogeneity comprised the peasants' objectives. The revolt lacked a coherent set of goals, nor did it have a specific program for social action. The rebels attacked neither the legitimacy of the monarchy nor the ideological basis of the Ethiopian aristocracy. In the end, Weyane buttressed the feudal order, and was probably instrumental in strengthening Ethiopia's neo-colonial link with the West. In the aftermath of rebellion, the Tigrai nobility did get its rights and prerogatives recognized, to the same extent that the nobility in the other northern provinces did. The government undercut the nobility's political autonomy, but paid the price of reinforcing their social position. On the other hand, in reaction to Weyane, the state destroyed the social basis of clan authority and autonomy, and reduced the Raya and Azebo to landless peasants. Weyane marked the end of conflict between centrifugal and centralizing forces, but did not eliminate the social roots of popular protest.

scholarly journals HOW DEEPLY DO WE INCLUDE ROBOTIC AGENTS IN THE SELF?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350015 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA STENZEL ◽  
ERIS CHINELLATO ◽  
ANGEL P. DEL POBIL ◽  
MARKUS LAPPE ◽  
ROMAN LIEPELT
Keyword(s):  
Simon Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Report Data ◽  
High Degree

In human–human interactions, a consciously perceived high degree of self–other overlap is associated with a higher degree of integration of the other person's actions into one's own cognitive representations. Here, we report data suggesting that this pattern does not hold for human–robot interactions. Participants performed a social Simon task with a robot, and afterwards indicated the degree of self–other overlap using the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scale. We found no overall correlation between the social Simon effect (as an indirect measure of self–other overlap) and the IOS score (as a direct measure of self–other overlap). For female participants we even observed a negative correlation. Our findings suggest that conscious and unconscious evaluations of a robot may come to different results, and hence point to the importance of carefully choosing a measure for quantifying the quality of human–robot interactions.

Architectural Discourse and Sociocultural Structure at Los Guachimontones, Jalisco

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-196
Author(s):  
Kimberly Sumano Ortega ◽  
Joshua D. Englehardt
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
High Degree

Despite the importance of Los Guachimontones within the larger Teuchitlán tradition of ancient west Mexico, little is known of its socio-political organization and underlying sociocultural structure. Departing from a dual–processual framework and utilizing spatial analysis, this chapter analyzes variability in the spatial syntax, formal characteristics, and distribution of architectural groups in the nuclear core and Loma Alta sectors of the site. Variability, in terms of differing degrees of openness and/or connectivity, suggests distinct functions of discrete areas within the site, and demonstrates how the socio–structural organization of the groups that occupied Los Guachimontones was negotiated, reflected, and reified in the built environment. Results of a comparison of architecture in these site sectors suggests that discrete physical spaces were utilized in diverse manners as architectural discourse to communicate distinct messages to different social groups, even when the built environment of these sectors presents a high degree of formal homogeneity and contains the same architectonic elements. This chapter thus adds a new analytic axis and alternate framework that provides insight on both architectural variability at Los Guachimontones and the social structures that gave rise to these architectonic configurations.

Poetics of Conspiracy and Hermeneutics of Suspicion in Tacitus's Dialogus de Oratoribus

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Alex Dressler
Keyword(s):  
Affective Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article argues that the end of Tacitus's Dialogus de Oratoribus is inconclusive in ways that draw attention to the difficulty of interpretation not only of the dialogue, as by modern scholars, but also in the dialogue, as by its leading characters. The inconclusiveness is especially marked by a commonly noted, but little discussed, feature of the end: when the rest of the characters laugh at the point of departure, Tacitus himself does not. Arguing that this difference of affective response on the part of the characters prefigures differences in interpretive response on the part of readers, the article identifies different strains in recent scholarship: pessimistic and optimistic. Both forms of response entail an attribution of a “poetics of conspiracy” (Hinds) to the ultimate speaker of the dialogue, the author Tacitus, and a “hermeneutics of suspicion” (Ricoeur) to its reader. At the same time, the author's double-position, as character and author, between narrated event and narration of the event to the reader, suggests that the other characters in the dialogue may, like the author and reader, also exercise such poetics and hermeneutics on one another and themselves. The article ends with the comparandum of the first satire of Tacitus's near contemporary, Juvenal, suggesting that, in the case of these works that can look with hindsight on the social and political past of the Early Empire, their modes of transmission and reception may be politically determined (e.g., as conspiratorial, suspicious) but may also demonstrate, within the restrictions of social and political determinations, a high degree of contingency, reflexivity, and autonomy. Such possibilities suggest that the text itself is part of a pragmatic and performative tradition of the kind enacted by its characters, in addition to a tradition of the production of (comparatively static and unfree) “literary” works.

scholarly journals Mobilność artefaktów protestu. Maska Guya Fawkesa w cyklu kontestacji 2008–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Bartosz Ślosarski
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
The Given

The mobility of protest artifacts: The Guy Fawkes mask in the cycle of contestation in the years 2008–2017The aim of the article is to present the process of protest artifacts’ mobility using the example of the social biography of Guy Fawkes’ mask. The applied theoretical approach is based on a three-ele­ment concept of the social biography of the artifact which includes transformations in the field of cultural practices what is done with an object, industrialization of an object how and by whom it is made, and the change and acquisition of new meanings by the given artifact in which cultural contexts it is located. The example of the Guy Fawkes mask, as well as masking policy in general, is considered in the context of protests against ACTA in Poland and the other events in the world from the 2008–2017 contestation cycle. The mask leads its own social life, being active and mobile, both in the spaces in which it occurs, social groups that use it and what they do with it, and the forms that it takes.

scholarly journals Patrimonialização: silêncios e escuta museológica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid]elia Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
The One ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
The City

This article analyses the importance of integration between patrimonialization and Museology for social development. This research was carried out in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the do Abaeté and St. Bartholomew Metropolitan parks. The patrimonialization is analyzed in its sociological and anthropological dimension, considering it as part of the construction of citizenship. The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographical research, archiving, ethnographic observation and interviews. The results showed, on the one hand, an incomplete official patrimonialization, revealing tensions and difficulties in the dialogue between the institutional actors and local communities. On the other hand, patrimonialization although essential, must also respond to the museological demands of the social groups involved with the preserved heritage. There is also a further conclusion about how important it is that coordinated policies be formulated so as to make viable the integration patimonialization and museology as a means of stimulating local development. Keywords: patrimonialization, museology, public policies, developme

scholarly journals Violence of Values/Values of Violence. The Cultural Struggle of Alt-Right Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Sanchez Madrid
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Political Values ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Struggle

This paper tackles the construction of social and political values that contemporary Alt-Right politics foster. Its aim will be, first, to tackle the values that Alt-Right parties are spreading at a global scale from the last decade. Second, I will focus on how they address the most precarious social groups for increasing their supporters and how they have built a new model of the social order that gainsays human and civil rights. Finally, I will give an account of some reasons that explain the social failure of classical Leftist political parties, also attempting to transform the ways they accost the former ‘working class’. I engage a dialogue with Zeynep Gambetti and Vladimir Safatle, as both authors have centrally addressed the cultural struggle that populist right parties accomplish on a global scale.

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