Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
The Impact

This chapter introduces the book and discusses its main objective—the microeconomic analysis of product innovation—and its potential readership—third-year undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, private and public sector policy professionals—both in economics and in management and business. The chapter argues that this book will fill an important gap in the literature. It also provides an overview of subsequent chapters, summarizes their content, and describes the way they interact. In particular, it indicates that the material provided encompasses the definition of product innovation, the sources of new products, the measurement and extent of product innovation, analytical material on the demand for new products, their supply, and the incentives to product innovation, empirical material on the determination of the extent of product innovation, the diffusion or spread of product innovations, the impact of product innovation on firm performance, price measurement, and welfare and policy issues relating to product innovation.

The Microeconomics of Product Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
The Impact

The prime objective of this book is the use microeconomic analysis to guide and provide insight into the generation and adoption of new products. Taking an approach that uses minimal formal mathematics, the volume initially addresses questions of definitions, sources, and extent of product innovation, differentiating between goods and services; hard and soft innovations; horizontal and vertical innovations; original, new to market, and new to firm innovations. The sources of product innovations (e.g. R&D, design, and creativity) are explored empirically, and the extent of such innovations is then pursued using survey and other data. Three chapters are devoted to the theoretical analysis of the demand for and supply of new products and to the determination of firms’ decisions to undertake product innovation. Later chapters encompass empirical evidence on the determination of the extent of product innovation, the diffusion of such innovation, the impact of product innovation on firm performance, price measurement, and welfare, while the final chapter addresses policy issues.

Creating and Capturing Value through Crowdsourcing

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world’s largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. For example, the Best Paper Awards in 2012 for a record-setting three journals—the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Product Innovation Management, and Academy of Management Perspectives—were about crowdsourcing. In spite of the interest in crowdsourcing—or perhaps because of it—research on the phenomenon has been conducted in different research silos within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. The book aims to assemble papers from as many of these silos as possible since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. The papers provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both the private and public sectors.

Product Innovation and Price Measurement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Quality Adjustment ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

This chapter addresses how innovation may affect price measurement—a key issue for the accuracy of measures of principal economic indicators and a long-discussed one. Two main changes related to product innovation are important in this context: new goods (which are often cheaper) are driving old goods out of the market; and new products often offer improved quality. The literature suggests that a failure to properly account for these has added 0.8 percentage points per year to the measured Consumer Price Index in the United States. Quality adjustment approaches in all OECD countries have converged towards general methodological guidelines that represent a common knowledge base. The hedonic methodology is applied in a significant number of countries and for specific categories of goods, in particular electronic products. The use of this approach is exemplified and the impact on price indexes evaluated.

The role of the predictive gamification to increase the sales performance: a novel business approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elenise Martins Rocha ◽  
Giancarlo Medeiros Pereira ◽  
Diego Augusto de Jesus Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sales Training ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sales Professionals ◽  
Business Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of predictive gamification, through a sales simulator game, as a strategy to minimize sales problems in organizations. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study was executed in a large global company that produces and markets footwear for B2B and B2C markets. The company operates in more than 18 countries and adopts the gamification to train 7,600 sellers and 10,052 professionals directly linked to the sales area. The methodology adopted followed a qualitative and exploratory approach based on an in-depth case study analysis. Findings Results indicated that the use of predictive gamification allowed mitigating future problems, in average, four months in advance of the arrival of the new products at the points of sale. The main findings included improvement in sales arguments, product knowledge and sales closure. The company assigns the results to the implementation of the gamification and the possibility to simulate the evaluation of the level of readiness of the sales force resources. For this, the following three primary variables emerged: adequate definition of training content, analysis of the learning process and simulation of store reality. Research limitations/implications The authors introduced to the sales training literature the concept of predictive gamification. The predictive gamification allows anticipating and reducing future problems before the arrival of the new products in the market, improving the argument of sales, the knowledge about the products and the ratio of sales conversion of stores. Practical implications First, the content design of gamification needs to be carefully projected before the simulator development, considering the target audience and its particularities. Second, the construction of evaluation activities needs to consider contexts, actions and results. Third, monitoring the paths taken by the seller in the simulator environment is requisite. Fourth, the analysis of the results of vendor responses in the simulator environment can be obtained through learning management system reports. Fifth, the development of game simulators with advanced technologies may be done with low investment. Originality/value The findings have implications for the field vis-à-vis three main research gaps identified in the literature discussing gamification in sales training. First, the authors identified best practices from the application of gamification in sales training. Second, they showed the sales qualification processes, which can be improved by applying gamification. Third, they presented strategies of use of gamification as an approach allied to the training of sales professionals to generate enhanced sales results.

scholarly journals Sustainable Markets: Case Study Of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Manna ◽  
Gayle Marco ◽  
Brittany Lynn Khalil ◽  
Sara Meier
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The traditional definition of sustainability calls for policies and strategies that meet societys present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (1). Sustainability is a concern in private and public sectors all over the world; it is an issue that resonates with people in all age ranges, income levels, and geographic locations. The main idea of sustainability is reduce, reuse, and recycle. People and organizations alike must consider every possible effect from the decisions they make in regards to the environment. With over 600,000,000 passenger cars on the road in the world, and over 50,000,000 passenger cars built each year, it is imperative that automakers make sustainable decisions (2). It is not just the large number of vehicles in the world that is cause for concern, but the immense amount of resources needed to manufacture, transport, and fuel them. Automakers must consider the impact that each car has during every stage of its life cycle, in addition to their responsibility to society (in terms of the environment, education, and safety) and the impact of their suppliers. This case study is designed to discuss the background of Toyota and highlight the companys current actions in regard to sustainable marketing; a comparison will also be made to the sustainable efforts of Honda and Subaru.

scholarly journals Determination of sources of sulfur dioxide in confectionery

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
N. B. Kondratyev ◽  
E. V. Kazantsev ◽  
M. V. Osipov ◽  
O. S. Rudenko ◽  
E. N. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Methods

Sulfur dioxide is used to ensure the safety of fruit raw materials and semi-finished products used for the production of confectionery. This preservative has allergenic properties. In accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 022/2011 "Food products in terms of their labeling" the content of sulfur dioxide must be specified when labeling confectionery products, if its content exceeds 10 mg per kg. The definition of this preservative in raw materials, semi-finished products and confectionery in accordance with the current GOST 26811 “Confectionery. The iodometric method for determining the mass fraction of total sulfuric acid is often difficult because of the complexity of confectionery products, the formation of intensive staining of the solutions under study and the ability of sulfur dioxide to react with other components of the objects under study. Therefore, the task of developing methods with the optimization of the sample preparation stage of the samples under study, which allow one to fully determine sulfur dioxide in confectionery products, semi-finished products and raw materials, is relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for determining sulfur dioxide in raw materials, semi-finished products and various names of confectionery products, as well as assessing the impact of these types of raw materials and semi-finished products on the content of sulfur dioxide in confectionery products. The results showed that sulfur dioxide is present in many raw materials. In mg per 1 kg of sugar in white sand from 1 to 9, molasses from 25 to 52, wheat flour from 9 to 15, starch from 3 to 17. In fruit raw materials from 5 to 545 mg per kg. In confectionery: marshmallow and marshmallow from 8 to 29, gingerbread from 6 to 25, biscuits from 0 to 16, chocolate from 8 to 13. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the content of sulfur dioxide in raw materials and semi-finished confectionery products is a very wide range, which makes it necessary to control the quality of all raw materials entering the production. Sulfur dioxide, used as a preservative for fruit raw materials, can significantly increase the content of this allergen in confectionery made using such raw materials. Ensuring the level of sulfur dioxide less than 10 mg / kg is achieved using raw materials with low content of sulfur dioxide and technological methods.

Example of modeling the use of fire-fighting vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
A. V. Kulagin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Logical Tree ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article considers a systematic approach to assessing the effectiveness of the preparation and use of fire-fighting vessels. Using the Pattern method, a study of the use of a fire-fighting boat for solving problems of extinguishing fires on water transport was conducted. Goal and objectives. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology for determining the effectiveness of the preparation and use of fire-fighting vessels according to the selected evaluation criteria, with the determination of the impact of each criterion on the overall effectiveness of fire extinguishing. Methods. In the article, the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the preparation and use of fire-fighting vessels can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, a verbal presentation of the research task is carried out with the identification of the most "weak" training measures and during the application of fire-fighting vessels using the Pattern Method. At the second stage of the study, an assessment of the state of the identified "weak" measures is carried out with the definition of measures to improve the technical readiness of the material part or organizational and technical measures during the operation of fire-fighting vessels. Results and discussion. The author obtained a particular analytical solution for improving the efficiency of operation of fire-fighting vessels for the case of using a fire-fighting boat. A method for calculating the evaluation criteria is proposed. Conclusions. Thus, the proposed modification of the model of preparation and application of fire-fighting vessels consists in the representation of organizational and technical processes in the form of a logical "tree of goals". The directions of further research in terms of the development of the results obtained in the analysis of the operation of fire-technical equipment on fire-fighting vessels and fire-fighting vessels themselves are determined. Keywords: model, system approach, analysis, pattern method, diesel, special fire extinguishing means

Gamified Information Presentation and Consumer Adoption of Product Innovations

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Müller-Stewens ◽  
Tobias Schlager ◽  
Gerald Häubl ◽  
Andreas Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Product Information ◽  
New Products ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Consumer Adoption ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Practical Implications

This research examines the effect of gamified information presentation—conveying information about a product innovation in the form of a game—on consumer adoption of that innovation. The key hypothesis is that gamified information presentation promotes consumer innovation adoption and that it does so through two parallel psychological processes—by increasing consumer playfulness, which stimulates curiosity about the innovation, and by enhancing the perceived vividness of information presentation, which increases the perceived advantage of the innovation relative to (less innovative) competing products. Evidence from seven studies, including two field experiments, supports this theorizing. The results also show that for gamified information presentation to increase innovation adoption, it is essential that the information is integrated into the game. These findings advance the understanding of the psychological forces that govern how consumers respond to receiving product information in the form of games, and they have important practical implications for how firms might use gamified information presentation to promote sales of new products.

scholarly journals Development of an approach to cadastral valuation of real estate in areas of possible manifestations of natural disasters and emergency situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Alexey Dubrovsky ◽  
Tamara Vereshchaka ◽  
Pavel Batin ◽  
Olesya Malygina
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of studies on the adjustment of cadastral value using a new factor-the probability of an emergency or natural disaster. A new term, emergency geospatial, has been introduced for the spatial definition of an emergency. The analysis of the legal regime of lands subject to emergency situations is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the legal definition of the geospatial boundary of the emergency situation and the impact of emergencies on real estate. The characteristic of emergency situations, as well as the probability of their occurrence is given. The connection between the emergency situation and the cadastral value of real estate is shown. The dependence of the value of real estate on their location in the geospatial probable emergency. The technological scheme of determination of cadastral value of real estate objects in the zone of manifestation of an emergency situation is developed. A geoinformation project was carried out on the territory of the city of Novosibirsk. The most probable emergencies are taken into account. The map of zones of possible manifestation of emergency situations is made. The comparison of the cost of real estate in emergency zones, with objects analogues, located outside the emergency zone. The values of the correction factor for adjusting the cadastral value are proposed. The map of distribution of correction factors for adjustment of cadastral value of real estate objects in zones of possible manifestation of emergency situations is made. Work on the adjustment of the cadastral value of real estate located in the areas of possible manifestations of emergency situations is promising. First, the zones must be taken into account in modern urban policy and as much as possible to protect real estate and the population from the manifestation of emergency situations. Secondly, the reduction of cadastral value and taxes will allow owners to invest in insurance funds and insure real estate.

scholarly journals Analysis of interregional migration flows in Russia in the context of certain types of migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
E.A. Ostrovskaya ◽  
◽  
D.S. Mamontov ◽  
K.A. Spiridonov ◽  
I.V. Levyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Models ◽  
Interregional Migration ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Migration Factors ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The impact of interregional migration on regional economic and social sphere necessitates the determination of migration factors. An analysis of existing studies has shown that gravity models can be considered the most effective tool for migration flows analysis. At the same time existing studies show a weak elaboration of approaches that involve the separation of migration into different types depending on the goal of the relocation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the interregional migration flows in the context of types of migration identifying a set of factors that determine a particular type of migration. The main result obtained by the authors is the determination of three regional clusters that attract a certain type of migrants. Clustering was carried out using a set of indicators with a model-oriented clustering methods. The main conclusions made in the article are related to improving the quality of models when dividing regions into clusters and including different variables for certain types of migration. However, the authors note that the input data for the analysis is somewhat noisy, since it contains migrants of all ages. Therefore, the obtained regional groupings by type of migration are only the first approximation of differentiation by type of arriving or departing citizens. The results of the study can be used for further work on the definition of the determinants of interregional migration, as well as for studies on the impact of migration on regional labor markets and socioeconomic situation of regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document