Divergent Paths

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-138
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Welfare Distribution

The chapter is macro-comparative in nature and examines to what extent the theoretical framework is in line with the historical patterns of authoritarian regime formation. Drawing on historical case accounts, Arabic language secondary liter­ ature, and autobiographical material written by actors involved in the early elite struggles, the chapter spotlights how intra-elite conflict and communal cleavages shaped elites’ incentives for welfare provision. In addition, the chapter maps out the geostrategic environment in which regime formation took place, highlighting differences in the exposure to external threat and the endowment with resources as key constraining factors on welfare distribution. It does so in the form of comparative narratives of coalition formation and the geostrategic context, and demonstrates how the combination of elite competition, communal cleavages, and the geostrategic context widened or narrowed the authoritarian support coalitions.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PHONEMES IN SYNTAX IN TEACHING ARABIC AS A SECOND LANGUAGE/ توظيف الفونيمات فوق التركيبيّة في تعليم العربيّة لغة ثانية

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem Abdul Kaleg Al-Hassan Seedah
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Definition Of

<p>The study deals with the phonemes on syntax and their employment in the teaching of Arabic to non-Arabic speakers. The study aims at explaining how these phonemes are used in the teaching of Arabic as a second language. The study also aims to explain the role played by these secondary phonemes in communicating the Arabic language to an optimal level of sound; Acoustic sounds are not isolated but need to be viewed at the level of composition as well. Moreover, to reach the desired goals, the researcher divided the research into two sections and contained each of these sections on the axes.</p>The first topic came in terms of theoretical framework, where the researcher talked about the importance of the audio lesson for the Arabic learner a second language, and the second axis of the definition of the phonemes above the structure of the lesson and attention, the practical side of the study was divided into axes, namely:  The use of algebra in the teaching of Arabic as second language, the use of toning in teaching

Welfare Efforts in Comparative Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-89
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Expenditures ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This chapter provides an analytical overview of welfare provision in labour· abundant MENA regimes. Organized in sections by country and covering the period from regime formation until the late 2000s, the chapter pays particular attention to spending levels and the accessibility of social policies, and maps the eigbt regimes onto the three different pathways of welfare provision outlined in Chapter I. It draws on a combination of historical reports and statistics, available secondary accounts, and a novel dataset on social expenditures developed from archival material of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It also diversifies the picture by examining policies of education, health, and social protection separately. The chapter lays important groundwork for further analyses and gives a more complete sense of social policy regimes beyond the social spending figures presented in Chapter I.

scholarly journals Accounting for assessments of mental illness in paramedic practice: A new theoretical framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Key Aspects

This is the third paper in a series that heralds a study that examines paramedic accounts and constructs of judgment and decision-making (JDM) of mental health and mental illness. This paper will overview an innovative theoretical framework for conducting a discourse-historical case study of paramedic judgment and decision-making of mental health and mental illness using ethnographic and ethnomethodological research methods. The review of the existing research and literature suggests an insufficiency of current theoretical and methodological frameworks to address the research problem and questions of this study. Little examination of judgment in mental illness and health has occurred, which is discussed in an earlier paper.1 Those studies, and the theoretical frameworks used, are insufficient in addressing key aspects of inquiry in judgment and decision-making, particularly in the paramedic ecology. The theoretical framework described here seeks to begin addressing this insufficiency in a new and innovative way.

scholarly journals United in fear: Interest group coalition formation as a weapon of the weak?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Hanegraaff ◽  
Andrea Pritoni
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
The European Union

Although many interest groups work together perpetually, most academic studies agree that coalition formation does not lead to more influence. In this article, we try to explain these puzzling findings. While former research generally tends to frame the decision of forming an interest group coalition as a strength, in this paper, we argue that coalition building should be considered as a ‘weapon of the weak’. Interest groups fearing that they are insufficiently influential, and whose very existence as an organisation is at risk, are more likely to coalesce. This theoretical framework is tested on a sample of around 3000 interest groups in six European countries – Belgium, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Slovenia and Sweden – and the European Union. Empirical findings clearly demonstrate that perceived fears – oriented towards both organisational survival and policy influence – have an effect on how likely it is that an interest group will decide to build a coalition.

scholarly journals Exploring the potential of cultural historical activity theory for understanding change in education: lessons from a historical case study of leadership in an Irish school

2020 ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Tom O'Donoghue ◽  
Gerardine Neylon
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
New School ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
Irish School

This paper reports a research project undertaken whose aim was to explore the possibility of using a particular theoretical framework for engaging in preliminary studies aimed at analysing specific historical instances of change in education. The change that was the focus of the investigation was a new school established by the Sisters of Mercy in Ennis, County Clare (Ireland), to replace an original school built in 1865. This was no ‘ordinary school. Instead, it was at the time deemed a model infant and primary school. While the case is of interest in its own right, the principal aim of the study was to explore the potential of cultural activity theory for engaging in historical analyses of cases of its type and using its structure, the CHAT model, as a framework for presenting results.

Toward a Micro Corrective of Structural Differentiation Theory

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Colomy ◽  
Gary Rhoades
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Differentiation Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Organization ◽  
Group Negotiation ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that the synthetic turn in recent discussions of the micro-macro problem provide a basis for critically assessing structural differentiation theory. That theory suffers from a macro bias, which is reflected in its inability to account for variable patterns of structural change, its neglect of how coalition formation and group negotiation and conflict affect the course of differentiation, and its constricted conception of the consequences of differentiation. A micro corrective, organized around an elaboration of the notion of institutional entrepreneurs, concepts taken from social movement theory, and empirical findings from comparative and historical case studies of structural change, is proposed. That corrective discusses the impact of an institutional project, entrepreneurial organization building, and strategies for enlisting support and defusing resistance on the establishment of new levels of differentiation.

scholarly journals Brokers, clients and elite political networks in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod Van Gunten
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Strategy I

In closed but competitive political regimes, political leaders face a strategic choice between centralizing and inclusive strategies of elite coalition formation. While studies of political networks in these regimes focus on patron-client systems -- a classic centralization strategy -- I argue that political leaders are likely to pursue mixed strategies that blend patronage with more deferential strategies, including elite brokerage. This paper analyzes the role of patron-client ties and brokerage positions in Mexican cabinet appointments over a period of sixty years (1940-2000), demonstrating that elite brokers were more likely to be included in elite coalitions. Although network theorists have argued that brokers are most important in "factionalized" elites, the results show that brokers were valued elite coalition partners during the period of consolidated one-party rule, but not during the earlier, more contested period of regime formation. The analysis also suggests that patronage became less hierarchical as the regime consolidated, shifting towards a sponsorship system of competing patrons rather than a classic patronage pyramid.

scholarly journals A theoretical framework for designing educational website based on scientific standards to non-native Arabic speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 184797901984050
Author(s):  
Huda Said Al-Jahwari ◽  
Eimad Eldin Abusham
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
The World ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scientific Standards

This article aims to promote a theoretical framework for designing an educational website based on scientific standards for non-native Arabic speakers to improve their abilities and performance in learning Arabic language. As Arabic language is commonly known as the language of Holy Quran and is the language of Prophet Muhammad (last of the prophets), so it is considered as one of the oldest languages in the world. In addition, it is widely used around the world and is the spoken language of the Arab states in the Middle East and North Africa. So, increasing the number of people who show their desires to learn Arabic language as a second language leads to build various online educational approaches. But based on previous studies, many educational websites are not built based on scientific standards, which affect students’ academic performance; therefore, there is an emergency demand to promote the theoretical framework for designing an educational website based on scientific standards to facilitate language acquisition and help non-native Arabic speakers to overcome the difficulties that they face in learning Arabic language.

“The Pathway into the Kingdom of Heaven”

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Tim Noble
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Kingdom Of Heaven ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Native Alaskan

The Russian Orthodox mission to Alaska can be understood in terms of liberative mission. The article shows how the missionaries succeeded in allowing Christianity to become indigenized in native Alaskan cultures, rather than attempting to make the indigenous peoples Russian. It did this through an attention to the narratives, religious and otherwise, of the Alaskan peoples and by allowing these narratives to address and be addressed by the Christian narrative. Current anthropological research points to the depth of the roots of this indigenization, and how it helped in the identity formation of the native peoples especially after the sale of Alaska to the United States when their identity was under severe external threat. The Russian Orthodox mission to Alaska provides a good historical case study of how the gospel can be indigenized in a way that empowers people and suggests a tradition available to Orthodox churches today as they seek to become more mission-minded.

Transnational Diffusion and The African American Reinvention of Gandhian Repertoire

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Montgomery Bus Boycott ◽  
Starting Point

Why did American civil rights activists fail to fully implement the Gandhian repertoire before the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and 1956? How did transnational diffusion of the Gandhian repertoire proceed over time? Classical diffusion theory provides a useful starting point for answering these questions, but it does not fully capture the twists and turns occurring in the transnational diffusion of a collective action repertoire. To account for the non-linear and contingent aspects of transnational diffusion between social movements, this article proposes an alternative theoretical framework and applies it to the case of diffusion between the independence movement in India and the civil rights movement in the United States. The historical case study emphasizes collective reinvention of the Gandhian repertoire by American civil rights networks, instead of critical mass or individual thresholds; and the intergenerational transfer of relevant knowledge and experience from these implementation pioneers to the new generation of civil rights movement activists. Finally, the article examines whether its alternative theoretical framework only applies to this particular instance of transnational diffusion or whether it has more general relevance for social movement theory.

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