The Search Function and Evolutionary Novelty

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-143
Author(s):  
Teppo Felin ◽  
Stuart Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Evolutionary Novelty ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Search Spaces ◽  
Direct Awareness ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
Specific Search

Search is a pervasive phenomenon of biological and economic life. But search is hard, especially in uncertain and dynamic environments. In this chapter we directly address the hard problem of search. We develop a generalized form of question-answer probing as a way of simplifying search, with implications for understanding biological and economic novelty. Question-answer probes are organism-specific search images and ‘search-for-functions’ that direct awareness. This form of search simultaneously constrains and enables search spaces in counterintuitive ways. Question-answer probing not only illustrates relatively mundane search activity (such as foraging for food or looking for a lost item), but also provides the foundation for explaining the emergence of both evolutionary novelty and economic value. An organism’s (or organization’s) directed search (especially the search for function) supplies a key mechanism for realizing adjacent possibilities and niches. Our approach contrasts with extant evolutionary, computational (such as serial processing or Bayesian priors and updating), and physics-oriented approaches to search, which lack organism-specific mechanisms. Our approach also contrasts with popular, physics-oriented conceptions of mind, organism, and consciousness. Throughout the chapter, we offer biological and economic examples to illustrate our points. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our arguments for economics and innovation.

scholarly journals Pendekatan Circular Economy Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Karang Taruna Desa Baros, Kecamatan Baros, Kabupaten Serang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Shanti Darmastuti ◽  
Intan Putri Cahyani ◽  
Afrimadona Afrimadona ◽  
Syarif Ali
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Youth Organization ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Post Test

Various environmental problems that have occurred lately are more or less caused by the problem of garbage and waste from various activities of living things, especially humans. Therefore, good waste management is one of the solutions to current environmental problems. One of the main problems faced by partners is plastic waste management. Based on a preliminary field study conducted by the team, it was found that until now there had been no waste management activities carried out by the residents of Baros Village, both plastic waste management related to waste banks and plastic waste sorting. In this regard, one of the innovative solutions for plastic waste management is to apply the circular economy principle by sorting plastic waste and then managing and developing it to create a circular economy, which is recycling plastic waste into a product of economic value, so that can help people's economic life. In this case, through a circular economy approach, karang taruna gets socialization of a circular economy as a foundation in managing plastic waste. The activity began with coordination with officials in Baros Village and the board of the Setia Youth Organization, pretest, counseling, and continued with a posttest. The implementation of outreach activities is carried out online and only involves the karang taruna administrators due to the COVID-19 pandemic condition. From the results of the activities carried out, members of the karang taruna understand the importance of managing plastic waste to make it a commodity with economic value. Abstrak Berbagai permasalahan lingkungan yang terjadi belakangan ini sedikit banyak disebabkan oleh masalah sampah dan limbah dari berbagai aktivitas makhluk hidup, khususnya manusia. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan sampah yang baik merupakan salah satu solusi dari permasalahan lingkungan saat ini. Salah satu kendala utama yang dihadapi mitra adalah pengelolaan sampah plastik. Berdasarkan studi lapangan pendahuluan yang dilakukan oleh tim, diketahui hingga saat ini belum ada kegiatan pengelolaan sampah yang dilakukan oleh warga Desa Baros, baik pengelolaan sampah plastik terkait bank sampah maupun pemilahan sampah plastik. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, salah satu solusi inovatif dalam pengelolaan sampah plastik adalah dengan menerapkan prinsip ekonomi sirkular dengan memilah sampah plastik kemudian mengelola dan mengembangkannya untuk menciptakan ekonomi sirkular, yaitu mendaur ulang sampah plastik menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomis, sehingga dapat membantu kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat. Dalam hal ini melalui pendekatan ekonomi sirkuler, karang taruna mendapatkan sosialisasi ekonomi sirkuler sebagai landasan dalam pengelolaan sampah plastik. Kegiatan diawali dengan koordinasi dengan aparat di Desa Baros dan pengurus Karang Taruna Setia, pre test, penyuluhan, dan dilanjutkan dengan post test. Pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan secara online dan hanya melibatkan pengurus karang taruna karena kondisi pandemi COVID-19. Dari hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan, anggota karang taruna memahami pentingnya pengelolaan sampah plastik untuk dijadikan komoditas yang bernilai ekonomis. Kata Kunci: ekonomi sirkular; sampah plastik; komoditas; karang taruna

Scour Depth Prediction for Asa Dam Bridge, Ilorin, Using Artificial Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Samson Olalekan Odeyemi ◽  
Mutiu Adelodun Akinpelu ◽  
Rasheed Abdulwahab ◽  
Kazeem Adeshina Dauda ◽  
Stella Chris-Ukaegbu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Average Flow Velocity ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
The North ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Pile Cap ◽  
Artificial Neural

Bridge Scour is the localized loss of the geomaterials around the foundation of a bridge as a result of the movement of water around it. Scour is a great risk to the stability of a bridge’s foundation, thus leading to collapse, loss of lives and setback in a nation’s socio-economic life. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are collections of simple, highly connected processing elements that learn according to sets of input parameters and use that to simulate the networks of nerve cells of humans or animal central nervous system. The Asa Dam Bridge, one of the longest bridges in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, has five (5) spans of 20m each. The bridge connects Ilorin to the Ogbomosho Express way (leading to the western part of the country) and the Eyenkorin-Jebba road (leading to the north). Thus, the bridge has a high economic value. In this research, factors such as flow depth, average flow velocity of the river and median sediment size were investigated to show how they affect the depth of scour around the bridge pile foundation. Data were taken for a period of 48 weeks and ANN was applied to predict and generate a model that shows how these factors relate to the scour depth of the riverbed. The model revealed that the hydraulic parameters and soil grading around the pile cap of Asa River Bridge bears significant influence on the scour depth of its foundation. The model was compared with five (5) other established scour equations.

scholarly journals STRATEGI BATNA (BEST ALTERNATIVE TO A NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT) DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN DI PERTAMBANGAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Edwin Umboh
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this research is to know the strategy of BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) in overcoming the conflict of environmental management that occurred in mining area of ​​PT. SumberEnergi Jaya, East Motoling District.This study uses descriptive method, which aims to find information from a phenomenon.Strategy management of conflict resolution of mining resources, conducted by PT. SumberEnergi Jaya showed good results, although there are still some residents who have not received the results of negotiations. With the efforts of family approach and deliberation to show effective results, a negotiator's strategy is a critical determinant of the success of an agreement. While Implementation of Law no. 7 of 2012 in this case has not been fully implemented as expected, where from the analysis conducted there is still an omission element by the government. The impact of government policies through the enactment of mining business licenses granted to PT. SumberEnergi Jaya, is very impact on social life and the environment, rather than the economic value generated. Due to the decline in environmental quality will affect the social and economic life of residents around the mine's circle.

scholarly journals STRATEGI MEDAN INVESTMENT, TRADE & TOURISM EXPO DALAM MENJALANKAN DIPLOMASI PARIWISATA SUMATERA UTARA DENGAN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirwaty Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Potential

Tourism has strategic economic value for the country, not onlyit generate income for the country but also improve the economic life of the surrounding population. With this, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia advised local governments to promote the tourism out of the country to introduce the tourism potential of the region and national as well as in the public diplomacy.According to that,Medan Investment, Trade & Tourism Expo (MITT) has established offices in different countries, one of which is in Malaysia. This study analyzed the role ofMITT in Malaysia as a commitment to promote tourism in Sumatera Utara. The authors examined the amount of travelers to Sumatera Utara from Malaysia.

The Strategic Approaches for a New Typology of Firm Patent Portfolios

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Yang ◽  
Marcel C. Minutolo
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
True Values ◽  
Patent Portfolios

Patents play an important role for companies to achieve competitive advantage. There is an increased recognition of the importance of patent portfolios as a key to achieve competitive advantage as opposed to any one patent. Hence, some researchers suggest that the true values of patents lie in the aggregation of some related patents rather than their individual worth. In addition, as firms increase their technological diversification so too do their patent portfolios. On the basis of portfolio theory, we build a typology of four types of patent portfolios characterized on the dimensions of technology coherence and synergistic economic value: black, cloud, star and constellation portfolios. Then, according to the characteristics of each type of portfolio, we propose that different strategic approaches should be applied to manage them to achieve superior performance. Further, we suggest that different types of patent portfolios have different effects on firms’ long-term and short-term performances in dynamic environments. Our paper enriches our understanding of the role that patent portfolios play to achieve superior firm performance by linking the management of firm-level resources to value creation in uncertain environments; and also provides important insights into future trends in the patent portfolios strategy in dynamic environments.

Building high performance supply-chain relationships for dynamic environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Ahmed ◽  
Mehmet Murat Kristal ◽  
Mark Pagell ◽  
Thomas F. Gattiker
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Environmental Dynamism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how different forms of integration interact with environmental dynamism to influence the outcomes of a buyer–supplier relationship (BSR). Specifically, the authors assess the impact of communication, operational process integration (OPI) and joint knowledge exploration (JKE) on the economic value and competitive differentiation generated by the BSR. Furthermore, the authors assess the moderating role of environmental dynamism in changing the performance implications of these different forms of integration. Design/methodology/approach The authors empirically test the theoretical model using survey data collected from North America. The authors apply techniques such as confirmatory factor analysis, regression and a variety of robustness checks to ensure the validity of the findings. Findings The results indicate that OPI and JKE are useful in generating higher value from key supply chain relationships. However, communication does not directly influence performance outcomes, rather it assists in the implementation of other forms of integration. In stable environments, better returns can be obtained from focusing on OPI, while in dynamic environments JKE becomes far more important. Originality/value This study shows that different aspects of integration have very different performance implications and that selective integration can outperform broad-based integration in some conditions. More importantly, the performance implications depend on environmental dynamism in unique ways, where greater integration is not always the best response to dynamic business conditions. The results allow managers to make better decisions regarding what forms of integration to establish in key supply chain relationships.

Local Tourism Development and Socio-Economic Change in Belitung

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Hidayat ◽  
Agista Anduarima ◽  
Wesnina ◽  
Budiaman ◽  
Bayu Taufiq Possumah
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The People

This study aims to describe the implications of socio-economic change caused by tourism development and to explore the relationship between society and tourism from a sociological perspective. By using a qualitative approach with a case study research design, this study analyses data that was obtained through observation, documentation, and interviews. The participants involved were the local community living in Keciput village, the Keciput village staff members, the Tanjung Kelayang Beach tourism manager, and the Belitung Regency tourism office staff members. The study found that the tourism development of Keciput village had caused changes in the social and economic life of the local communities. In terms of social life, the emergence of tourism development had caused interactions to decrease. Previously, when the interactions among the people were still very intense, the economy of the community was also on the rise. However, ever since the tourism development took place, it has changed the people’s type of livelihood: where previously they had worked as fishermen, they are now working as transport services fishermen. The economic value of tourist activities is also classified into a higher category because the yield from the marine sources is very dependent on the season.

scholarly journals DEMOKRASI EKONOMI DAN KONTRIBUSI EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR1945

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ali Murtadho
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Economy System

<p class="IIABSBARU">Integration of Islamic teachings has given a significant contribution for Indonesian economic life and establishment of Indonesian basic constitution namely the Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) 1945. The founding fathers of Indonesia has elaborated the substance of economic value in the 1945's by using “economic democracy” term. Descriptive-analytical method and historical literary approach were applied in this study to explore the economic democracy in relation with the teachings of Islamic economy in the UUD 1945, especially in the discussion on social welfare. The results of study found that the democratic system of Indonesian economy is a distinctive model of economy system, while it is different from capitalist and liberal economics. The democratic system of Indonesian economy, which refers to 1945, were implemented in the form of Koperasi as an economic system. Principlly it rejects to capitalism and liberalism, while integrating the Islamic economics values. At the same time, it combines with the Indonesian economic values called “populist economy’.</p><p class="IIABSBARU">***</p><p>Integrasi ajaran Islam  telah memberi kontribusi signifikan terhadap kehidupan ekonomi Indonesia dan pembentukan konstitusi dasar Indonesia yakni Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) 1945. Substansi nilai ekonomi dalam UUD 1945 ini dielaborasi oleh para pendiri bangsa Indonesia dengan istilah demokrasi ekonomi. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dan pendekatan literer historis, artikel ini mengeksplorasi demokrasi ekonomi dalam hubungannya dengan ajaran ekonomi Islam dalam UUD 1945, terutama pada pembahasan pasal yang terkait dengan kesejahteraan sosial. Hasil kajian ini menemukan bahwa sistem demokrasi ekonomi Indonesia merupakan model ekonomi yang khas Indonesia, dan berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan liberalis. Sistem demokrasi ekonomi Indonesia yang mengacu pada UUD 1945 kemudian diimplementasikan dalam bentuk sistem ekonomi koperasi. Sistem ekonomi ini secara prinsip menolak kapitalisme dan liberalisme Barat, dan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai ekonomi Islam. Pada saat yang sama, dipadukan dengan nilai-nilai ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia, yakni ekonomi kerakyatan.</p>

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