Super Rules

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Art Museum ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Birthday Party ◽  
Credible Threat ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Competing Ideas ◽  
Rules Of The Game

If you watch a group of children at play in an unstructured situation, soon you will be treated to a microcosm of how societies make rules, boiled down to the essentials. After some random running about, the children will eventually seek to build a social structure in the form of a game. The process unfolds with remarkable swiftness and predictability. By definition, every game requires rules, and these are the subject of considerable haggling at the outset. You have to touch the tree to be safe; no one can go past the rocks. The participation rules are negotiated with special care, because every child knows intuitively that these will affect the outcome. You have more people, so we get the big kid. It is equally fascinating to observe who makes the rules of the game. Over a chorus of competing ideas, the rulemaker is often the oldest or most assertive child, but not always. Someone may make a credible threat based on her resources and the power that accompanies them: It’s my ball and I don’t want to play that game. Alternatively, she may appeal to a source of moral authority recognized by the other players—it’s my house and my birthday party. Once settled, all participants in this miniature society must understand and abide by the rules. Those who break them are subject to a collective outcry from the group and even efforts at third-party enforcement: Mom, Richard keeps cheating! The situation is not so very different from the inner workings of our entire civilization, which is built upon a vast infrastructure of rules. Every business and every community, every religion and nonprofit organization, every terrorist network, taco vendor, and art museum relies on social rules to achieve its ends. Throughout this book we have seen how our lives and our landscapes are shaped by these rules, be they policies or property rights, safety codes or shared cultural norms. We are now ready to take a closer look at a special and very powerful category of rules—I call these super rules—that decide how other rules are made.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

scholarly journals Characteristics of heat ceramics of Mordovian territory: on the example of the collection of Mordovian republican S. D. Erzia Fine Art Museum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Barmenkov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Maximum Extension ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article is devoted to the description of pottery ceramics on Mordovian territory. The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of ceramics in Mordovian region. The object of the article is a collection of ceramics of Mordovian republican S.D. Erzia Fine Art Museum, the subject – the main features of the ceramics based on the morphological analysis of its exhibits. Materials and Methods. The material of the study was the results of the research of Russian scholars on ceramics of antiquity and modernity, as well as empirical materials presented by the ceramics funds of Mordovian republican S.D. Erzia Fine Art Museum. One of the main approaches implemented in the article is a comparative analysis of the exhibits based on the color of the shard. It allows the author to systematize utensils according to their functional purpose, and also to make an assumption about the various historical stages of the emergence of different types. Results and Discussion. The article systematizes the variety of forms of ceramics, reveals their quantitative relationships, the prevailing forms, and gives the comparative analysis of the existing forms. The classification of vessels was carried out in accordance with a number of criteria: the height and thickness of the neck, the design of the corolla cut, the diameter of the mouth and the maximum extension of the trunk, which allows one to draw conclusions about the similarity of the collection’s exhibits with other Mordоvian artefacts. Conclusion. It concludes about the existence of a certain standard in the production of ceramic dishes, and on the similarity of the studied ceramics and the collections of Russian monuments. Therefore, it states the preservation of local Mordovian pottery traditions in the course of wide interactions with Russian pottery ceramics.

7. Privity of contract and third party rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-358
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Privity Of Contract

Poole’s Casebook on Contract Law provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. This chapter examines privity of contract, its relationship with consideration, and the ability of third parties to enforce contractual provisions for their benefit. The doctrine of privity of contract provides that the benefits of a contract can be enjoyed only by the parties to that contract and only parties can suffer the burdens of the contract. At common law, third party beneficiaries could not enforce a contractual provision in their favour so various devices were employed seeking to avoid privity. Statute now allows for direct third party enforcement but in limited circumstances. This chapter examines the background to privity and the attempted statutory reform in the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 as it has been interpreted in the case law. The chapter also discusses the common law means of avoiding privity as illustrated by the case law, e.g. agency, collateral contracts, and trusts of contractual obligations. Finally, it assesses the remedies available to the contracting party to recover on behalf of the third party beneficiary of the promise, including the narrow and broad grounds in Linden Gardens Trust. It concludes by briefly considering privity and burdens—and the exceptional situations where a burden can be imposed on a person who is not a party to the contract.

10. Derivative claims

Company Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
Alan Dignam ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Majority Rule ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The Core ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Management Principle

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter examines derivative action as a means of safeguarding minority shareholders against abuses of power and its implications for the principle of majority rule. It begins by analysing the rule in Foss v Harbottle (1843), which translates the doctrine of separate legal personality, the statutory contract, the ‘internal management principle’, and the principle of majority rule into a rule of procedure governing locus standi (that is, who has standing to sue), as well as the exceptions to that rule. It then considers various types of shareholder actions, including personal claims, representative actions (group litigation), and derivative claims. It also discusses derivative claims under the Companies Act 2006, with emphasis on the two-stage process of the application for permission to continue a derivative claim. The chapter concludes by assessing bars to a derivative action, together with liability insurance and qualifying third party indemnity provisions.

Sexual health and learning disability

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shiner ◽  
Anne-Marie Skitt ◽  
Will Mackintosh ◽  
Shawn Sacks
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sexual Healthcare

It is well recognised that the healthcare of those with learning disability (LD) has traditionally fallen behind the care received by the general population. It may be argued that sexual health is among the most difficult and challenging areas for healthcare professionals to address. Difficulties arise from unique communication problems, establishing consent and third party involvement from families and carers. GPs are ideally positioned to provide holistic sexual healthcare for those with learning disability; this article aims to set out some of the areas of difficulty and offer guidance to ensure the subject can be approached with confidence.

scholarly journals Amputee football in practice and research

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Kasińska ◽  
Tomasz Tasiemski
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Abstract Introduction: Sport for people with disabilities has interested scientists for a long time. However, there is a scarcity of research on the subject of amputee football – football adapted to individuals after amputations. The aim of the study was to describe this sport and to review research carried out in this field so far. When looking for investigations on amputee football, the available computer databases (Academic Search Complete, SPORTdiscus, MEDLINE, Health Source, Master-FILE Premier) were searched comprehensively. The following key words were used to identify proper articles: amputee football, football + amputations, crutch football. Also, the following article inclusion criteria were applied: (A) original scientific paper, (B) available full text of paper, (C) paper published in a peer-reviewed journal, (D) paper published in the English language. Eleven articles that met the criteria were selected for the analysis. Description of amputee football: The description of amputee football included the history of the sport in the world and in Poland, rules of the game and players’ classification. Amputee football in research: The articles selected for the review were divided into three categories: 1) psychological and social aspects, 2) anthropomotorics and nutrition, 3) endurance, physical capacity and speed abilities. . Summary: The majority of studies carried out so far have focused on general characteristics of amputee football players and the effects of this sport on the functioning of individuals after amputations. Future studies ought to involve injury-related aspects as well as training effectiveness on the basis of physiological parameters.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF OBOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
Rules Of The Game

This article relates to the Chinese multidimensional One Belt One Road Initiative (OBOR). One of the aspects of our research is the manifestation of cultural social relations between China and Pakistan. We have tried to prove that there is every likelihood that cultural onslaught of Chinese society will clash in the long run with the traditional Islamic society of Pakistan. CPEC has an economic potential. China's intention is to expand its dominance in the region, where as Pakistan will be in a position to move forward from its stagnant economy. We cannot forget the results of intermingling of socio-cultural norms, values and traditions. It may change the rules of the game. Under the canopy of euphoria, identity must not be forgotten. There is no doubt that regional connectivity would ultimately bring regional prosperity but there are serious socio culture impediments

scholarly journals Main Barriers of the Implementation of the Blockchain Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Jan Zadrożny
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed database, where participants can exchange the value of, i.e. information or financial resources without the participation of a trusted third party. Despite of a number of positive features, this technology is not free of defects. The aim of the article is to present the barriers of the discussed technology, which prevent the discussed technology from further dissemination. Therefore, in a first step, the review of basic concepts related to blockchain was conducted. It includes a discussion of key characteristics as well as dominant types of blockchain. Afterwards, the author presents barriers of the implementation of the blockchain technology: technical, socio-organizational and legal. Blockchain gained its popularity thanks to the bitcoin cryptocurrency, which was launched in 2009 as a consequence of the global financial crisis. Since then, the technology has gone a long way of evolution and development, and its use goes far beyond only the financial sector. Therefore, the article is not focused on the strengths and weaknesses of the bitcoin blockchain network, as this has already been the subject of many other publications (i.e. Yli-Huumo et al., 2016; Koteska et al., 2017), but aims to highlight barriers of its deployment. Consequently, the limitations faced by bitcoin blockchain or, more broadly, the world of cryptocurrencies, have been passed in this article advisedly.

scholarly journals End-Point Information Security in the Healthcare Industry: A Critical Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Arif Uzzaman ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Security Compliance

The ability of the healthcare industry to keep abreast with the evolving trends in endpoint information security depends on combinations of measures. In the current literature, some of these measures include the development of analytics capable of spotting intruders on time, embracing quick reactions to potential or detected intrusions, and the decision to employ robust system defenses. In this paper, the main aim was to review the current literature regarding the subject of endpoint information security, with critical insights gained from the case of the healthcare industry. Findings suggest that the healthcare industry forms one of the most attractive arenas for security attackers. Some of the healthcare organizations that have been victims of recent security attacks include the Californian Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center that experienced a data breach in February 2016 and MedStar Health Inc. (in the same month). In the following month, San Diego’s Alvaro Hospital Medical Center was also targeted for cyber attack. Hence, some algorithms have been proposed to counter these attacks; including the use of SOA-based EHRs, the implementation of the RBAC model, the use of k-anonymity, k-unlinkability, and the SQL searching mechanisms that target the patients’ encrypted data. Also, some strategies have been proposed as best practices in endpoint information security. These strategies include the management of identity lifecycles, the establishment of risk-aware cultures, the management of third-party security compliance, and securing healthcare firms’ devices in terms of design. Overall, it is evident that the complexity of endpoint information security in the healthcare industry (due to the evolution of applications such as virtualization and cloud computing) implies that the ability to survive from future security attacks will depend on the firms’ ability to keep abreast with industry demands. 

scholarly journals ON THE CREATION OF THE AUTOMATION SYSTEM RELATED TO SOCIAL-ECONOMIC MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
L. V. Rudikova ◽  
V. V. Danilchik
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Universal System ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Architecture

Nowadays, it is considerable to develop a general concept and implement a system for storing and analyzing data related to socio-economic displacements of people. The population movement, related to long-term and short-term migrations, has an increasing nature, which directly affects the various fields of activity in a single country and the world community as a whole. The proposed article describes the subject area associated with socio-economic displacements of people, the key features of internal and external migrations are noted. Based on the subject area, the general architecture of the universal system of data storage and processing is proposed, which is based on the client-server architecture. A fragment of the data model, associated with the accumulation of data from external sources, is provided. General approaches of algorithms and data structures usage are proposed. The system architecture is described with the possibility of scaling both vertical and horizontal.The proposed system organizes the process of searching for data and filling the database from third-party sources. To do this, a module for collecting and converting information from third-party Internet sources and sending them to the database has developed. In the paper is noted the feature of the client application, which provides a convenient interface for analyzing data in the form of diagrams, graphs, maps, etc. The system is intended for various users interested in analyzing economic and social transfers, for example, to tourist organizations wishing to obtain statistics for a certain time, to airlines which could plan flights in one direction or another, as well as for state structures with the purpose of analyzing the migration flows of the population and developing appropriate strategy for their regulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document