Citizenship and Protest Behavior in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Political Protest ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Elite ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Turkish Society

Political protest has a long and contested history in contemporary Turkish politics. While street demonstrations have been central to the repertoire of Kurdish movements, especially since the early 2000s as a by-product of Turkey’s Europeanization process, electoral forms of participation have been the prevalent mode among broader segments of the Turkish society in the post-1980 period. However, the consolidation of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) hegemony in electoral politics and increasing authoritarianism and Islamization accompanying the personification of political rule after 2011 have carried non-electoral forms of participation, what one could call “active citizenship,” to the forefront of political struggles. The Gezi movement of 2013, the largest mass mobilization in Turkish history, epitomizes this dynamic. This chapter demonstrates how the Gezi protests cultivated more democratic forms of citizenship in defiance of the national education curricula, which are designed to cultivate particular forms of citizenry in the service of the Turkish state elite. Based on the current state of the art, it argues that the Gezi generation has broken the binary opposition between being political and apolitical through unprecedented acts of citizenship.

Floating Sophia, Polarizing to Abeyance, Waqf-izing the State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Murat Akan
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Hagia Sophia ◽  
Turkish State

Abstract The 2020 ‘mosque-ing’ of Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) shook a cornerstone of the Turkish Republican tradition. I lay out the immediate political context, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the content of five court decisions that built up to the mosque-ing, and what these show about the current state of secularism, democracy and institutions in Turkey. I argue that the Ayasofya episode is a case of polarization to the point of abeyance and waqf-izing the Turkish state. Evaluating the episode in light of the past decade of Turkish politics, I propose that it is the present stage of a trajectory from the politics of modernity to the anti-politics of abeyance, and that the midpoint of this trajectory is the politics of ‘multiple modernities’. It is time to lay to rest the wave of conservative epistemologies emerging from Shmuel Eisenstadt’s ‘multiple modernities’.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateş Altınordu
Keyword(s):  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Religion and secularism have been central threads in Turkish politics throughout the history of the republic. This chapter focuses on three important aspects of the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary Turkey. First, it explores the political functions of the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet), a government agency that has served as the primary means for the implementation of the religious policies of the Turkish state. Second, it investigates the relations between Islamic communities, political parties, and the state and argues that the distinction between official and unofficial Islam that has informed much of the work on the Turkish religious field must be strongly qualified. Finally, the author focuses on the trajectory of political Islam in Turkey, critically reviewing the literature on the rise, political incorporation, and authoritarian turn of Islamic parties. The conclusion emphasizes the need for studies investigating the impact of politics on religiosity in Turkish society.

Allies and Enemies: Pro-Kurdish Parties in Turkish Politics, 1990–94

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole F. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Radical Politics ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Realm ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Kurdistan Workers Party

Preventing the development of an ethnic Kurdish cultural and political movement has been a priority of the Turkish state since the Kurdish-led Shaykh Said Rebellion of 1925.' Nevertheless, beginning around 1959 this effort was steadily if slowly undermined, and events of the past ten years suggest that it has indeed failed. Not only have Kurdish activists gained some measure of international recognition for themselves and for the concept of Kurdish ethnic rights,2 but promoting the notion of specifically Kurdish cultural rights has almost become a standard litany for a wide array of Turkish civic and state actors, from Islamist political parties to business organizations, human-rights groups, prime ministers, and mainstream newspaper columnists. Although the separatist Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and its insurgency against Turkey have claimed a great deal of academic and popular attention, it is these diffuse but public re-considerations of minority rights taking place within legitimate Turkish institutions have contributed the most to the sense that past policies of coping with the “Kurdish reality” are ultimately unsustainable, and that it may be difficult, if not impossible, to return to the climate of earlier years, when discussions of ethnic difference were suppressed, limited to the private realm, or confined to the fringes of radical politics.

Turkish State, Turkish Society

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Denis Blomfield Smith ◽  
Andrew Finkel ◽  
Nukhet Sirman
Keyword(s):  
Turkish State ◽  
Turkish Society

scholarly journals The educational research in the Moroccan education sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim BOUABDALLAH
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
National Education ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
Training Charter ◽  
Current State ◽  
The University ◽  
And Training

Educational research constitutes a major lever for socio-economic development. It contributes to improving the quality of training, and developing the improvement of education and teaching. However, no training establishment for educational executives belonging to the Moroccan education sector appears today among research operators at the national level. To determine the current state of educational research carried out in this sector, we analyze the contents of the national education and training charter, the emergency program and the strategic vision of the reform. The results show that educational research, as the ultimate goal of the national education sector, has performed poorly on several indicators. The recovery from a pessimistic situation requires, first of all, the establishment of adequate research structures, connected to the university and accredited. In addition, the structures must be made permanent and exercising their missions in liaison with the field. Finally, they would need to be equipped with effective steering mechanisms, allowing the implementation of theoretical and practical aspects of educational research.

HOW TO INTEGRATE ISLAMIC EDUCATION INTO THE SYSTEM OF SECULAR NATIONAL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Tatyana D. Shaposhnikova ◽  
◽  
Ravilya I. Zianshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
National Education ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global World

The article discusses the current state of Islamic education in Russia, the processes preceding its modernization and its stages over the last few decades. The increased attention to Islamic education is associated with those geopolitical changes and globalization processes which take place in the modern world in recent decades. These processes are responsible for the need to consider the prospects of the development of Islamic education from the perspective of multi-polarity and taking into account the changing role of the Muslim countries, occupying today a solid niche in the global world and offering an alternative to the Western model of civilization development. Modern education is formed and developed in a multicultural society. This is a characteristic feature of today's world and an important detail of Russian reality. The tasks of education are not only to transfer knowledge and teach people to professional skills, but also to form their spiritual world and develop their personal qualities. Islamic education is not an outsider of this trend; it is also aimed at personal development and the formation of professional competencies. The successful development of the Islamic education system in Russia, its interaction with the secular one has its own socio-cultural characteristics, which are expressed in the integrative movement of relations between two systems: Islamic (religious) and secular education. The historical foundations of their modern interaction are based on the long-term experience of living in the common territory of peoples and communities with different religions, which contributed to the formation of a multicultural society in Russia. Consolidation of efforts of Islamic educational organizations and state secular structures is due to the need to disseminate reliable information about Islamic culture and its heritage, to fulfill the tasks of countering extremist ideology.

Between magnificence and monstrosity: Turkishness in recent popular cinema

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 123-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuman Suner
Keyword(s):  
Popular Cinema ◽  
Action Films ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Box Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Turkish Society

AbstractThis paper studies the idea of Turkishness as one thematic element that commonly characterizes recent Turkish box-office champions. The preoccupation with the idea of Turkishness in recent popular cinema can be seen as a reflection of Turkish society's bafflement with the process of rapid and intensive transformation during the 2000s. In this period, Turkish society has grown increasingly confused about how to assess its own worth in the contemporary world. The paper makes use of the terms “magnificence” and “monstrosity” to make sense of the excessive representations of Turkishness in Turkish box-office champion action films and comedies of the second half of the 2000s. The term “magnificence” stands for aspirations in Turkish society during the last decade about the revival of the glory of the Ottoman past and becoming a powerful actor again on the world scene. The term “monstrosity” is employed in relation to Turkish society's cynical indifference to the violence perpetrated by the Turkish state, which is often rendered acceptable through the presumption of “Turkish peculiarity.” The paper points to the continuity between recent blockbuster action films and comedies in their representations of Turkishness by suggesting that magnificence and monstrosity appear in these films as two sides of the same coin.

Introduction: Addressing the politics of fear. The challenge posed by pluralism to Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Bosetti
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Politics Of Fear ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Fear Mongering ◽  
Different Cultures

The introduction to this issue is meant to address the ways in which turbulent immigration is challenging European democratic countries’ capacity to integrate the pluralism of cultures in light of the current state of economic instability, strong public debt, unemployment and an aging resident population. The Reset-Dialogues on Civilizations Association has organized its annual İstanbul Seminars in order to fill the need for constructive dialogue dedicated to increasing understanding and implementing social and political change. Turkey’s accession to the European Union represents in this light a challenge to our liberal views, which must become more open-minded in order to address adequately cultural and religious differences, Islam included. We must set ourselves the task of finding a new perspective so that we may defuse the populist radicalization, fear-mongering politicians and xenophobia that are emerging in many countries. Yet it is equally essential that we reconfigure and recontextualize the traditional secular battle for freedom from the dominance of the Christian majority away from a binary opposition to a plural dimension that takes into account other religious communities. After introducing the major challenges our seminars were organized to address, the introduction will summarize and explain the articulation of the contents of this issue in the following three parts: (1) realigning liberalism in the context of globalization (with contributions by Nilüfer Göle, Alain Touraine, Albena Azmanova, Stephen Macedo, Zygmunt Bauman); (2) different paths: towards modernity and democracy from within different cultures and religions (Fred Dallmayr, Sadik Al Azm, Irfan Ahmad, Ibrahim Kalin); and (3) philosophical presuppositions of intercultural dialogue and multiculturalism (Maeve Cooke, Sebastiano Maffettone, Volker Kaul).

scholarly journals Cultural and historical foundations of the development of domestic education and pedagogy in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Boguslavskiy ◽  
Tatiana N. Boguslavskaya ◽  
Konstantin Yu. Milovanov ◽  
Anatoly V. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Legislation ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Pedagogical Science

The article deals with the issues of studying the cultural and historical foundations of the development of national Education and Pedagogy in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries. The article reveals the current state of development of historical and pedagogical knowledge, which has formed a favorable methodological basis for presenting a representative model of the process of cultural and historical development of the national pedagogical science of this period. The article provides a meaningful description of educational reforms of the Soviet and postSoviet periods. The article describes the state of the system of educational legislation and identifies the leading trends in implementing the state educational policy in the USSR and the Russian Federation.

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