Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Analysis of Data from Dyads and Groups

2012 ◽  
pp. 208-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Kashy ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Group Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Spss Syntax

This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the analysis of nonindependent data from dyads and groups. We begin the chapter by examining current practices regarding dyadic and group research in social and personality psychology. We then present a set of basic definitions, as well as a brief introduction to multilevel modeling (MLM). Throughout the chapter we present SPSS syntax that can be used to specify the models we describe using variants of MLM. The remainder of the chapter is broken into two sections—the first focuses on dyadic contexts, and the second focuses on group contexts. For dyads we discuss both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and we provide a detailed discussion of the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), dyadic growth models, and lagged models. For groups we limit our presentation to methods for cross-sectional research; we describe the APIM for groups, the one-with-many design, and we provide a brief introduction to the social relations model. Examples of how these methods have been used to advance social and personality psychological science are given throughout.

Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Dyadic Data

2018 ◽  
pp. 208-238
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Kashy ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Influence Model ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Original Survey

This chapter provides an introduction to the analysis of nonindependent data from dyads. We begin by examining current practices regarding dyadic and group research in social and personality psychology and compare those findings with our original survey of research published in 2008 and 2009. We then present basic definitions, as well as a brief introduction to multilevel modeling and structural equation modeling for dyads. We present SPSS and Mplus syntax to specify the models we describe. We then discuss cross-sectional and longitudinal dyadic designs and provide examples of how these have been used to advance social and personality psychological science. For cross-sectional designs we provide details of the actor–partner interdependence model and two other dyadic models as alternatives—the common fate model and the mutual influence model. For longitudinal designs, we discuss dyadic growth models.

A estranha objetividade do valor: trabalho, ideologia e capital no pensamento de Marx

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Wécio Pinheiro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Logic ◽  
The One

Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital.  Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário.  Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.  Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage.  REFERÊNCIAS  ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988.  ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013.  ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018.  ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016.   DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305.  JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014.  HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012.  HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008.  MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016.  MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011.  MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals.  – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.   NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

scholarly journals Social support network, mental health and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in primary care

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Batista Portugal ◽  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Celina Ragoni Correia ◽  
Daniel Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
Dinarte Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Social Support Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

The objective of this study was to identify the association between emotional distress and social support networks with quality of life in primary care patients. This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,466 patients in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2009/2010. The General Health Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument were used. The Social Support Network Index classified patients with the highest and lowest index as socially integrated or isolated. A bivariate analysis and four multiple linear regressions were conducted for each quality of life outcome. The means scores for the physical, psychological, social relations, and environment domains were, respectively, 64.7; 64.2; 68.5 and 49.1. In the multivariate analysis, the psychological domain was negatively associated with isolation, whereas the social relations and environment domains were positively associated with integration. Integration and isolation proved to be important factors for those in emotional distress as they minimize or maximize negative effects on quality of life.

Analyzing Longitudinal Social Relations Model Data Using the Social Relations Structural Equation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 107699862110565
Author(s):  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Alexander Robitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Relations Model ◽  
The Social

The social relations model (SRM) is very often used in psychology to examine the components, determinants, and consequences of interpersonal judgments and behaviors that arise in social groups. The standard SRM was developed to analyze cross-sectional data. Based on a recently suggested integration of the SRM with structural equation models (SEM) framework, we show here how longitudinal SRM data can be analyzed using the SR-SEM. Two examples are presented to illustrate the model, and we also present the results of a small simulation study comparing the SR-SEM approach to a two-step approach. Altogether, the SR-SEM has a number of advantages compared to earlier suggestions for analyzing longitudinal SRM data, making it extremely useful for applied research.

scholarly journals Household and meals versus the Temple purity system: Patterns of replication in Luke-Acts

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Expression ◽  
The One ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Inclusive Form

In Luke-Acts the social codes and concepts associated with food and meals replicate and support the contrasting social codes, interests, and ideologies associated with the Jerusalem Temple, on the one hand, and the Christian household, on the other. In this study the thesis is advanced that in contrast to the Temple and the exclusivist purity and legal system it represents, Luke has used occasions of domestic dining and hospitality to depict an inclusive form of social relations which transcends previous Jewish purity regulations and which gives concrete social expression to the inclusive character of the gospel, the kingdom of God, and the Christian community.

scholarly journals Translation and the Dialectics of Difference and Equivalence: Some Theoretical Propositions for a Redefinition of the Source-Target Text Relation

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven Tack
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
General Question ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Abstract At which level of analysis (descriptivist, empirical, epistemological), and along which perspective (sociological, linguistical, communicative), should we locate the distinctive criteria for the definition of translation? In other words, what are the necessary and sufficient conditions which constitute the object « translation,» exclusively this object and not any other object? This is the general question of this article. It will be developped in two steps. First, we shall try to demonstrate that the perspective adopted by translatology, in defining translation by its semantical and fonctional equivalence relation with a source text, is congenetically determined by the discursive exclusion of the theorisation of that which is the very condition of possibility of each translation: the disrupture and distancing by which humans structure their social relation. Consequently, it is by the critique of communication theory, where a large part of translatology has drawn its scientific foundations, that we can deliver sound arguments for the assessing of translation in the structure of social relations. A second step consists in the formulation of a working hypothesis: if translation may be caused by the social dialectics of distancing and negociation of meaning, it is not sufficiently specified by this logic. It could be hypothesized that translation finds its specificity in the hybridity of the linguistic referential relation it instaures with the mute universe to be conceptualized on the one hand, and with the source text to be reformulated on the other.

A Cross-Sectional Developmental Study of the Social Relations of Students Who Enter College Early

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Janos ◽  
Nancy M. Robinson ◽  
Christopher Carter ◽  
Audrey Chapel ◽  
Rand Cufley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals A INFLUÊNCIA DO SUPORTE SOCIAL NA VINCULAÇÃO PAI/BEBÉ

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Carla Cruz ◽  
Paula Nelas ◽  
Emília Coutinho ◽  
Cláudia Chaves ◽  
Odete Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychosocial Variable ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Social Demographic

Abstract.THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON PARENT/BABY BONDINGBackground: The social support is an important factor in the establishment of bonding between parent and baby, because it involve the quality of social relations in the family. This factor has been pointed out a psychosocial variable involved in adaptation to parenthood.Objective: Investigate the influence between social support and bonding of father and baby.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, correlational descriptive, quantitative, attended by 349 parents, aged between 19 and 55, with an average age of 31,84 (sd=6,067). To providing a reliable sample characterization the social-demographic, obstetric and pregnancy variables, we applied questionnaires and also the Satisfaction Scale with the Social Support (Ribeiro, 1999) and Bonding Scale (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Results: This study reveals that positive bonding is influenced by age (p=0,010), qualifications (p=0,045), first child (p=0,027), communication with fetus (p=0,005) and be present during labor (p=0,045). Regarding to social support: - Positive bonding and “satisfaction with friends” (p=0,011); - Negative bonding and “intimacies” (p=0,011); - Total bonding and “family satisfaction” (p=0,001).Conclusion: The data undoubtedly show the importance of nurse specialists in maternal health who must involve the father since the beginning of pregnancy. Since social support is key to bonding, it is essential that health professionals support and integrate the father in the adjustement process to parenthood.Keywords: Father; Baby; Labor; Bonding; Social Support.Resumo.Enquadramento: O suporte social é um fator relevante no estabelecimento de laços afetivos entre pai e bebé, pois envolve a qualidade das relações sociais centradas na família. Este tem sido apontado como uma variável psicossocial envolvida na adaptação à parentalidade.Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre o suporte social e a vinculação (bonding) entre o pai e o bebé.Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional, de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 349 pais média de idade 31,84 anos, dp= 6,067). O instrumento de colheita de dados foi o questionário que permitiu caracterizar a amostra nas variáveis sociodemográficas, de gravidez e parto e foi ainda incluída a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (Ribeiro, 1999) e Escala de Bonding (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que o bonding positivo é influenciado pela idade (p=0,010), habilitações literárias (p=0,045), ser primeiro filho (p=0,027), comunicação com o feto (p=0,005), presença no trabalho de parto (p=0,045). Quanto ao suporte social foi encontrada relação entre o bonding positivo e “satisfação com os amigos” (p=0,011); bonding negativo e “intimidades” (p=0,011) e bonding total e “satisfação com a família” (p=0,001).Conclusão: O papel do enfermeiro especialista em saúde materna assume-se como primordial, devendo envolver o pai desde o início da gravidez. Dada a importância que o suporte social asume no estabelecimento do bonding, é imprescindível que os profissionais de saúde apoiem e integrem o pai no processo de adaptação à parentalidade.Palavras-chave: Pai; Bebé; Trabalho de Parto; Bonding; Suport.

scholarly journals SOME FEATURES OF MUSLIM LAW: NEW TRENDS IN ITS DEVELOPMENT

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
N.L. Seitakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The essence of the integration process in Muslim law has expressed in the enlargement and consolidation of the social relations through the definite points, objects of the concentration of the tension and gradual incorporation of the human being into the community with the system of the relations, with the global order, based on the balance of the regulating influence of the legal systems of the different states and synchronic of the regulating behavior in the different societies. The movable force of the process of the integration is inside the system of the society and social relations in the world scale. Muslim law is an Islamic doctrine about the rules of behavior of the Muslims. The main content of Muslim law is the rules of behavior of believers, that follow from the Sharia and sanctions for non-compliance with these regulations. It was formed in the VII-X centuries in the connection with the formation of the Muslim state - Caliphate. The formation of Muslim law was caused, on the one hand, by the need to bring the actual law in line with the religious norms of Islam, on the other hand, by the need to regulate public relations on the principles, based on the religious and ethical teachings of Islam.

scholarly journals The Societal Crisis and The Human Dignity: Epistemological View

wisdom ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ana Bazac
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
Will To Live ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Autonomous State ◽  
Real State

The paper aims at emphasising the significances of the concept of dignity through the lens of the relational character of this concept. Even though it appeared in modernity as substantive/essence, as an autonomous state that might be attached to man – and it was developed in the frame of methodological individualism –, dignity is a construct depending on the historical and social relations, thus the culture and values dominant in a certain time. And, because the consideration of the others is assumed by the individual who internalises the intertwining and force of values in the way he seems to not detach his own being from dignity, the paper demonstrates that, although there is an ontological basis of dignity – the human conatus – the concept of dignity is incomprehensible without connect it to, or more, without integrating it within the social complex.First of all, the individual translation of the human conatus in the concept of dignity supposes the social character of man. The instruments of the individual, necessary for his survival, are social. The language through which he expresses his self-consciousness as his own dignity is social. The nuances his self-consciousness transposes as feelings and their expressions are borrowed from the culture known by the individual.But leaving this alone, and considering as a beginning of the analysis only the individual’s feeling of dignity as transposition of his/her will to live, this feeling is vague, ineffable and evanescent if it would not have the positive or negative reactions of society towards it. Indeed, society is the ultimate criterion of the individual consciousness of dignity, because it accredits this individual feeling. If, by absurd, there was no society – or the individual would live in an individual niche and would not know anything about society (but, for the sake of our philosophical experiment, he could express through meaningful words his feelings) – the individual would not be sure that he has a constitutive dignity and he deserves dignity. Only the others authorise this feeling, whether they endorse it or not, having the function of a thermometer measuring the individual belief.Methodological individualism is contradictory concerning the concept of dignity: on the one hand, it lauds to sky this concept (in its essentialist variant) as related to the individual, and on the other hand, it neglects the consequences of social relations over the real state of dignity of all the human beings.Finally, the paper links this relational standpoint to both the surpassing of the abstract individual and the clash of universalistic and particularistic values.

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