Political Science and Genocide

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Straus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Genocide Studies ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the relationship between political science and genocide, focusing on three major themes. First, it discusses the evolution of genocide studies within the discipline and expands on this. Second, it identifies seminal contributions that have emerged from some four decades of political science studies of genocide: a methodological emphasis on the comparative method, including both quantitative and qualitative studies; a move to broaden the concept of genocide using related but different terms; a theoretical emphasis on regime type; a theoretical emphasis on political leaders' decision-making calculus — more specifically, political scientists have been in the forefront of developing rationalist explanations of genocide; and a theoretical emphasis on the connections between warfare and genocide. Third, it presents some general critiques of political science approaches and suggests avenues for future research in the discipline.

Father’s Bonding With an Infant Born Prematurely: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110029
Author(s):  
Nisreen Alnuaimi ◽  
Audrey Tluczek
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Foster Father ◽  
The Relationship

There is no current theory that explains the process of a fathers’ bonding with their infants born prematurely. Through meta-synthesis of 19 qualitative studies, we developed a conceptual framework to illustrate how fathers perceive the relationship with their premature infant formed over the first 18 months of life. It details the contextual factors that contribute to that process. Findings reveal a complex process comprised of five stages, derived from five core themes and related subthemes. Fathers progress through five sequential stages to establish their role as fathers and form emotional connections with their child. Stages include: (a) feeling alien and lacking emotional connection to the infant, (b) caregiving engagement and claiming the role as a father, (c) claiming the infant as their own, (d) adjusting to having the infant home, and (5) normalizing family life. This conceptual framework can inform future research and clinical interventions designed to foster father−infant bonding.

Success Factors in the Implementation of a Collaborative Technology and Resulting Productivity Improvements in a Small Business

2005 ◽  
pp. 129-150
Author(s):  
Nory B. Jones ◽  
Thomas R. Kochtanek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collaborative Technology ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Practitioners and academics often assume that investments in technology will lead to productivity improvements. While the literature provides many examples of performance improvements resulting from adoption of different technologies, there is little evidence demonstrating specific, generalizable factors that contribute to these improvements. Furthermore, investment in technology does not guarantee effective implementation. This qualitative study examined the relationship between four classes of potential success factors on the adoption of a collaborative technology and whether they were related to performance improvements in a small service company. Users of a newly adopted collaborative technology were interviewed to explore which factors contributed to their initial adoption and subsequent effective use of this technology. The results show that several factors were strongly related to adoption and effective implementation. The impact on performance improvements was further explored. Results showed a qualitative link to several performance improvements including timesavings and improved decision-making. These results are discussed in terms of generalizability as well as suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Rethinking political distrust

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Bertsou
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unethical Conduct ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
Political Distrust ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIncreasing political distrust has become a commonplace observational remark across many established democracies, and it is often used to explain current political phenomena. In contrast to most scholarship that focuses solely on the concept of trust and leaves distrust untheorized, this article makes a contribution by analysing political distrust. It argues that citizen distrust of government and political institutions poses a threat for democratic politics and clarifies the relationship between the distrust observed in established democracies and classical ‘liberal distrust’, which is considered beneficial for democracy. Further, it addresses the relationship between trust and distrust, identifying a series of functional asymmetries between the two concepts, with important implications for theoretical and empirical work in political science. The article suggests that a conceptualization of political distrust based on evaluations of incompetence, unethical conduct and incongruent interests can provide a fruitful ground for future research that aims to understand the causes, consequences, and potential remedies for political distrust.

Power and Influence Strategies in Violent and Nonviolent Marriages

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Hanson Frieze ◽  
Maureen C. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Dimension ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

How important is the use of physical violence in determining the balance of power within marriage? Do women in violent marriages make more use of indirect strategies in attempting to persuade their husbands than do women in nonviolent marriages? Is marital satisfaction related to influence styles? These questions are investigated by looking at decision making in couples and how this is related to the forms of influence strategies used by wives and husbands in violent and nonviolent marriages. Data from in-depth structured interviews with 137 self-identified battered wives and 137 comparison wives, some of whom were also found to have experienced violence from their husbands, are used to answer these questions. Results indicated that women with violent husbands used more influence strategies overall, although these women had less overall power in terms of decision making than did women with nonviolent husbands. The relationship of influence strategies to decision making was different for women with violent husbands than for those whose husbands were not violent. As expected, the use of coercive strategies related negatively to marital happiness, whereas positive strategies were positively predictive. Violence and other negative strategies should be included in future research on influence strategies in close relationships, and a positive–negative dimension should be included as a way of categorizing influence strategies.

scholarly journals Reflections and Review on the Audit Procedure

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691876321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renske de Kleijn ◽  
Anouschka Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Audit Trail ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Position

Arguably, quality assurance is more complicated in qualitative studies than in quantitative studies. Several procedures for quality assurance are available, among which the audit procedure as proposed by Akkerman, Admiraal, Brekelmans, and Oost. In this article, we reflect on this procedure based on our own experiences as well as based on a review of studies in which the audit procedure was employed. More specifically, we discuss (1) the choice for an auditor and the relationship between auditee and auditor and (2) the function of the audit. We propose that future auditees (a) explicitly report on the auditee–auditor relationship, (b) explicitly report on the function of their audit, and (c) have their audit trail documents available for review. With this methodological position paper, we aim to contribute to the current call to make social science studies and their conclusions more transparent and thereby to enhance the quality of qualitative studies.

scholarly journals Sentencing and Plea Bargaining

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Tata ◽  
Jay M. Gormley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Moral Arguments ◽  
The Relationship

In the daily work of criminal justice, the relationship between plea decision-making and sentencing is important. Meanwhile in the academic and policy literatures, it is one of the most controversial. This essay appraises the international empirical literature and the moral arguments surrounding this plea-dependent (guilty/not guilty) “sentence differential.” Sentence differential is the morally neutral term used here to denote practices variously termed as “sentence discount,” “trial tax/penalty,” “guilty plea discount/reduction,” and “sentence bargain/negotiation.” Section II analyzes whether the sentence differential undermines the presumption of innocence. Section III investigates whether the sentence differential violates legal equality. Section IV assesses the three main justifications for the differential. Section V scrutinizes measurement of the sentence differential. Section VI proposes an agenda for future research, including the need for deeper research into the experiences of and interpretations by defendants of the justice process.

scholarly journals Fear from Afar, Not So Risky After All: Distancing Moderates the Relationship Between Fear and Risk Taking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewend Mayiwar ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

A growing line of research has shown that individuals can regulate emotional biases in risky judgment and decision-making processes through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, we focus on a specific tactic of reappraisal known as distancing. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion and the emotion regulation literature, we examine how distancing moderates the relationship between fear and risk taking and anger and risk taking. In three pre-registered studies (Ntotal = 1,483), participants completed various risky judgment and decision-making tasks. Replicating previous results, Study 1 revealed a negative relationship between fear and risk taking and a positive relationship between anger and risk taking at low levels of distancing. Study 2 replicated the interaction between fear and distancing but found no interaction between anger and distancing. Interestingly, at high levels of distancing, we observed a reversal of the relationship between fear and risk taking in both Study 1 and 2. Study 3 manipulated emotion and distancing by asking participants to reflect on current fear-related and anger-related stressors from an immersed or distanced perspective. Study 3 found no main effect of emotion nor any evidence of a moderating role of distancing. However, exploratory analysis revealed a main effect of distancing on optimistic risk estimation, which was mediated by a reduction in self-reported fear. Overall, the findings suggest that distancing can help regulate the influence of incidental fear on risk taking and risk estimation. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research.

Framing Sustainable Practices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1510-1526
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gauthier ◽  
Chris Meyer ◽  
David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This paper develops and clarifies social intrapreneurship theory by examining the “how” of effective intrapreneurial championing. More specifically, the authors consider the following research question: How does the manner in which middle managers frame sustainable practices influence successful championing outcomes? The authors integrate the natural-resource-based view of the firm with research on middle management championing behaviors and issue-contingent models of ethical decision making to propose a model of sustainability championing for social intrapreneurs. To that end, propositions are developed concerning the relationship between the types of sustainable practice championed, how the argument for a given practice is framed, and successful championing outcomes. This paper contributes to a growing body of literature on social intrapreneurship, providing insight into how intrapreneurial championing can be more effective and building a foundation for future research.

scholarly journals Which came first, the chicken or the egg?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia McInnis-Bowers ◽  
Denise Linda Parris ◽  
Bella L. Galperin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Resilience ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training ◽  
Period Constant ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and resilience in an indigenous context. The overarching research questions are: What are the mechanisms that link entrepreneurial thought and action to resilience in a marginalized context? How can entrepreneurial thought and actions lead to building economic, community and cultural resilience? Design/methodology/approach An exploratory-naturalistic case study methodology was used to examine the entrepreneurial journey of the Boruca. Data were collected from in-depth semi-structured and unstructured interviews among 10 informants over a five-year period. Constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Findings Due to the need to survive, the Boruca engaged in entrepreneurial thought and action, which, in turn, led to the development of community, cultural and economic resilience. The authors developed a conceptual model to illustrate how individual resiliency gained through entrepreneurial thought and action led to community, cultural and economic resiliency of the Boruca. Research limitations/implications This paper examines the entrepreneurial journey of one of the eight indigenous tribes of Costa Rica. Future research should expand their sample to include the other indigenous contexts. Practical implications From a practical standpoint, this paper suggests the need for entrepreneurial training among indigenous businesses as a key factor in developing resiliency. This is applicable for non-profit, for-profit and public organizations interested in preserving world ethnic cultures and empowering indigenous people. Social implications Gaining deeper and richer insights into the linkages of resilience and entrepreneurial success is important for supporting efforts of those seeking to forge pathways out of poverty. Originality/value This paper suggests a different view of the relationship between resilience and entrepreneurship when the context is outside of the resource-rich context of the developed world.

scholarly journals Volunteer choice of nonprofit organisation: an integrated framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Louise Mitchell ◽  
Moira Clark
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nonprofit Organisation ◽  
Medical Volunteer ◽  
Personal Needs ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explore how volunteers choose one nonprofit organisation (NPO) rather than another. It identifies the drivers of choice, and the relationship between them, to enable NPOs to strengthen their volunteer recruitment. Design/methodology/approach A total of 51 service-delivery volunteers were interviewed, drawn from 5 leading NPOs. A laddering technique was used to understand the context in which the choice of organisation was made and the underlying personal needs and goals. The data was analysed using means-end chain (MEC) methodology to uncover the relationships between, and hierarchy of, the decision drivers. Findings Brand, cause, and role were found to be important in meeting personal needs and goals through volunteering. The paper makes three contributions. Firstly, it presents a clearer understanding of NPO choice through adopting an integrated theoretical perspective. Secondly, it identifies the decision-making process and key relationships between the attributes of the NPO, the consequences for the volunteer, and the connection to their personal needs. Finally, the study makes an important contribution to literature through presenting a new conceptual framework of volunteer decision-making in the nonprofit context to act as a catalyst for future research. Research limitations/implications This research is both impactful through, and limited by, its context selection: regular service-delivery volunteers from five NPOs within two causes. The paper presents a rich research stream to extend this understanding to other nonprofit stakeholders, other causes including medical volunteer, and smaller NPOs. Practical implications In an increasingly competitive nonprofit environment with a growing need to support the vulnerable in society, NPO sustainability is dependent on their ability to recruit new volunteers. NPOs compete not only with other organisations with similar causes but also those offering similar volunteering roles, and other uses of time to meet personal needs such as sport, career, or community. Understanding how volunteers make their choice of NPO rather than other uses of their time is of vital importance to make the most effective use of scarce marketing resources. This paper contributes to that practitioner understanding. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to extend the understanding of generic motivations of volunteers to consider specific choice of NPO. Unlike previous literature, the authors bring together theory on brand, cause, and role with personal needs. The authors are also the first to apply MEC methodology to the nonprofit context to uncover the personal underlying, less salient reasons behind NPO choice and the relationship between them.

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