Monasticism in the Oriental Orthodox Churches

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Samuel Rubenson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Syrian Orthodox ◽  
Charismatic Authority

The Christian monastic tradition has its origins in the Middle East. It has been and remains a constitutive institution in the Oriental Orthodox Churches, which are the Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Syrian Orthodox Churches. In Armenia, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Syriac-speaking Christian traditions, the monasteries have been the most important educational institutions in which language and literature have been transmitted. A strong emphasis on charismatic authority in Oriental monasticism, as well as a lack of political support for the hierarchy in the Coptic and Syrian traditions, has strengthened the role of the monasteries. The monasteries had a major importance for the spread of Christianity in central Asia, south India, and the Horn of Africa in the medieval period. A remarkable revival of Coptic monasticism beginning in the mid-twentieth century is of importance for all the churches.

scholarly journals МИТРОПОЛИТ АНДРЕЙ ШЕПТИЦЬКИЙ В КОНТЕКСТІ МУЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДІАСПОРИ (до 155-річчя від дня народження)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admink Admink
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Choral Works ◽  
The World ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
Church In The World

Досліджується роль митрополита Андрея Шептицького у розвитку музичної культури української діаспори ХХ століття. Акцентована увага на таких аспектах діяльності Митрополита: розбудова української греко-католицької церкви у світі, його візити у різні країни, розвиток системи духовних навчальних закладів, підтримка світських навчальних закладів, встановлення стипендій для музикантів, які здобували освіту за кордоном, участь у процесах розвитку церковного співу. Виокремлюються святкування на честь Митрополита та вшанування його пам’яті за участю музикантів у різних країнах світу. Питання втілення художнього образу митрополита Андрея Шептицького в музичній творчості композиторів діаспори розглянуто на прикладі аналізу хорових творах одного із його стипендіатів – А. Гнатишина з Австрії.Ключові слова: музична культура, українська діаспора, українська греко -католицька церква, художній образ, митрополит Андрей Шептицький. The author studied role of Metropolitan Archbishop Andrei Sheptytskyi in the development of musical culture of the Ukrainian Diaspora during the twentieth century Emphasis is made on the following aspects of the Metropolitan Archbishop’s activity: development of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the world, his visits to different countries, development of the system of spiritual educational institutions, support of religious educational institutions, establishment of scholarships for musicians who have received education abroad, participation in processes of church singing development. The article highlights the celebration in honor of the Metropolitan Archbishop and honoring his memory with the participation of musicians from around the world. The author reveals embodiment of the image of Metropolitan Archbishop Andrei Sheptytskyi in the musical creativity of the Diaspora composers at the example of the choral works of one of his fellows, Andrei Hnatyshyn from Austria.Key words: musical culture, Ukrainian diaspora, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, image, Metropolitan Archbishop Andrei Sheptytskyi.

The temple and the state in medieval South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesavan Veluthat
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
The State ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Temple

This article brings out certain aspects of the ways in which the temple and the state were related in the early medieval period. Arriving in South India almost simultaneously, both derived support from each other. While the state patronised the temple, the latter lent considerable legitimacy to the former. The temple gradually started appropriating the role of the state in numerous ways, assuming administrative, judicial and fiscal functions. In many cases it was now in a position even to challenge the local political authorities.

scholarly journals MARTHA BIBESCU, A „FLOWER” AMONG ROMANIAN FRANCOPHONE WRITERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Onorina BOTEZAT ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
European History ◽  
French Language ◽  
French Academy ◽  
Personal Loss ◽  
Language And Literature

Princess Martha Bibescu plays an important role in Romanian Francophone culture. A Romanian aristocrat, she conducted a successful literary career writing both nonfiction and novels during the first half of the twentieth century. She was also a laureate of the French Academy and a member of the Royal Belgian Academy of French Language and Literature. Known for her charming personality, intelligence and beauty, she proudly shared her dual cultural identity: French and Romanian. During the first part of her life, Princess Bibescu was admired for her wealth and grace, and her relations with the last kings of Europe as well as with an impressive number of chiefs of state. In the second part of her life, a period marked by hardship and the loss of a huge fortune, Martha Bibescu travelled, wrote, experienced personally the disruptive events in European history, assumed with dignity her social role of confident and supporting relative, turned writing into a livelihood, overrode personal loss and cherished the only single passion in her life: writing.

scholarly journals Theological issues on the pages of the tatar press of the early twentieth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Rezeda Rifovna Safiullina - Al Ansi ◽  
Ramil Mirgalimovich Galiullin ◽  
Marat Foatovich Safin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Muslim Community

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the Muslim community of our region today, as at the beginning of the 20th century, is at an important stage in the transformation of public life. The article is aimed at illustrating the important role of the first Tatar newspapers and magazines in discussing the burning problems of the Ummah, using the examples of publications by Tatar authors of the early 20th century. After a thematic analysis of the articles and classification of theological issues raised by the authors, we can see that there was a plurality of solutions to various problems that were proposed during the discussions. This experience in the field of society reform and the search for effective solutions to the problems facing the Muslim community is extremely important today and can be useful for religious leaders, teachers of Islamic religious educational institutions.    

scholarly journals Charisma, volatility and violence: assessing the role of crises of charismatic authority in precipitating incidents of millenarian violence

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 404-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walliss
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Branch Davidians ◽  
Ten Commandments ◽  
Charismatic Authority ◽  
Almost All

In this article the author develops some of the points he has made elsewhere regarding the role of what may be termed ‘crises of charismatic authority’ in producing volatility or even violence within marginal apocalyptic religious groups. The last quarter of the twentieth century witnessed several incidents where such groups engaged in violent actions against themselves, others in the outside world, or typically both (among them the Peoples Temple in Guayana in 1978, Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas in 1994, Order of the Solar Temple in Switzerland, Quebec and France in 1997, Aum Shirinkyo, Japan in 1995, Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, Uganda in 2000). This notion of ‘crises of charismatic authority’ has in many ways become a central, recurring theme in the author's analysis of these incidents. While accepting that such crises were typically not sufficient in themselves to have precipitated each of the dramatic denouements the author has examined, he has come to the conclusion that they did play a major role in each; such crises played a much more significant role than that played by external opposition in almost all of the cases the author examined (the case of the Branch Davidians being perhaps the exception that proves the rule). In this article, the author discusses what he means by crises of charismatic authority (an important task in itself due to the diverse understandings of ‘charisma’ found within the literature) and presents a comparative analysis of some of the ways in which these crises can occur.

Cultural Origins of New Age Cults

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Hollis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
New Age ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Cultural Origins

Western culture abounds in New Age cults, which have grown dramatically in size and influence since the 1970s. New Age cults represent a crisis of cultural identity, a major dilemma of Western civilization at the end of the twentieth century. Such cults reflect and contribute to the disintegration of social institutions, ranging from turmoil in mainline religions, a weakening of business, legal, and political ethics, the tenuous role of science, and the failure of public educational institutions to create informed and independent minds. The New Age, with its multiple historical roots, also gauges a widespread desire for the recovery of a virtuous society, certainty about the material universe, spiritual meaning and a nurturing social and familial unity. The New Age has emerged as one path in that quest. Yet what is needed is the restoration of a culture of virtue.

scholarly journals Steal not this book my honest friend : Threats, Warnings, and Curses in the Edwardian Book

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Alex O’Hagan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Tradition

This article explores the role of the book inscription as an important rite of property in Edwardian Britain (1901–1914). In particular, it uses a multimodal ethnohistorical approach to examine the use of ownership marks as threats, warnings, and curses, and to explore how they were employed by their owners to deter potential malefactors. It reveals that these inscriptions were discursive acts that operated on a cline of politeness that stretched from mitigated to stronger ownership claims. However, while in the Medieval period book curses carried a serious threat of punishment, by the Edwardian era, most were written out of adherence to social tradition, thus their force lay in performing rather than describing a future act. This suggests that in the early twentieth century, book inscriptions were strongly linked to their owners’ social class and functioned symbolically to index ownership, property rights and power.

cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī & Muhammad Asad: Two Approaches to the English Translation of the Qur'an

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
British India ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
The Times

This article attempts to present a comparative study of the role of two twentieth-century English translations of the Qur'an: cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī's The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ān and Muḥammad Asad's The Message of the Qur'ān. No two men could have been more different in their background, social and political milieu and life experiences than Yūsuf cAlī and Asad. Yūsuf 'Alī was born and raised in British India and had a brilliant but traditional middle-class academic career. Asad traversed a vast cultural and geographical terrain: from a highly-disciplined childhood in Europe to the deserts of Arabia. Both men lived ‘intensely’ and with deep spiritual yearning. At some time in each of their lives they decided to embark upon the translation of the Qur'an. Their efforts have provided us with two incredibly rich monumental works, which both reflect their own unique approaches and the effects of the times and circumstances in which they lived. A comparative study of these two translations can provide rich insights into the exegesis and the phenomenon of human understanding of the divine text.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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