Photosynthetic Responses to High Temperature and Strong Light Suggest Potential Post-flowering Drought Tolerance of Sorghum Japanese Landrace Takakibi

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2086-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Ohnishi ◽  
Fiona Wacera W. ◽  
Wataru Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a C4 crop known to be adaptable to harsh environments such as those under high temperature and water deficit. In this study, we focused on a Japanese sorghum landrace Takakibi (NOG) and employed chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to assess its response to environmental stress. Comparison of photosynthetic rate evaluated using two parameters (effective quantum yield and electron transfer rate) indicated that NOG showed less activity than BTx623 in the pre-flowering stage, which was consistent with the higher susceptibility of NOG seedlings to drought than BTx623. The observed differences in photosynthetic activity between the two cultivars were detectable without drought conditions on days with high temperature and strong light. Interestingly, the photosynthetic activity of NOG leaves in stress conditions increased soon after heading, and the trend was similar to that in BTx642, a well-characterized post-flowering drought-tolerant cultivar. In contrast, BTx623 showed a gradual decline in photosynthetic rate. Thus, we inferred that Japanese Takakibi has the potential to show pre-flowering drought susceptibility and post-flowering drought tolerance, through which it adapts to local climates with high temperature and strong light at harvest.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Tolerance and Photosynthetic Activity of Alloplasmic Lines T. dicoccum x T. aestivum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina V. Terletskaya ◽  
Andrey B. Shcherban ◽  
Michail A. Nesterov ◽  
Roman N. Perfil’ev ◽  
Elena A. Salina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Tetraploid species T. dicoccum Shuebl is a potential source of drought tolerance for cultivated wheat, including common wheat. This paper describes the genotyping of nine stable allolines isolated in the offspring from crossing of T. dicoccum x T. aestivum L. using 21 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats—SSR) markers and two cytoplasmic mitochondrial markers to orf256, rps19-p genes; evaluation of drought tolerance of allolines at different stages of ontogenesis (growth parameters, relative water content, quantum efficiency of Photosystem II, electron transport rate, energy dissipated in Photosystem II); and the study of drought tolerance regulator gene Dreb-1 with allele-specific PCR (AS-MARKER) and partial sequence analysis. Most allolines differ in genomic composition and T. dicoccum introgressions. Four allolines—D-b-05, D-d-05, D-d-05b, and D-41-05—revealed signs of drought tolerance of varying degrees. The more drought tolerant D-41-05 line was also characterized by Dreb-B1 allele introgression from T. dicoccum. A number of non-specific patterns and significant differences in allolines in regulation of physiological parameters in drought conditions is identified. Changes in photosynthetic activity in stress-drought are shown to reflect the level of drought tolerance of the forms studied. The contribution of different combinations of nuclear/cytoplasmic genome and alleles of Dreb-1 gene in allolines to the formation of stress tolerance and photosynthetic activity is discussed.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLUBLE LECTINS IN CORN UNDER THE IMPACT OF WATER DEFICIT AND HYPERTHERMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(48)) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
O. V. Ryshchakova ◽  
О. О. Molodchenkova ◽  
S. A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction. Drought and high temperature are two of the key factors of the environment limiting crop capacity of grains. Response of the plants to drought and high temperature is very complex and includes interaction between various molecular, physiological and biochemical processes. Synthesis of a number of proteins present under normal conditions, including lectins, increases along with synthesis of stress proteins under adverse conditions.Aim. The goal of our study is to identify the changes in the activity and biochemical characteristics of soluble lectins in maize seedlings with different drought tolerance under water and heat stress in order to create new biochemical methods for assessing drought tolerance.Methods. Three-day young sprouts of corn lines (Zea mays L.) with different levels of drought tolerance were used in the research: drought-tolerant lines Od 329, IK107 zM, non-drought tolerant lines GK 26, IK107VS3 / 66. Lectin activity was defined on the basis of their ability to agglutinate trypsinized erythrocytes of white rats. Electrophoresis was performed in 10 % PAGE following the Laemmli method.Results. The study enabled us to identify increase in soluble lectin activity (244-281 % of the reference value) under the given stress factors in drought-tolerant lines, and decrease in soluble lectin activity (39 - 79 % of reference value) under the given stress factors in non-drought-tolerant lines. Soluble lectins were isolated and purifid using salting out with ammonium sulfate, dialysis and affiity chromatography. The molecular weight of the isolated soluble lectins is in the range of 50-60 kDa. The isolated lectins had a high affiity for N-acetylglucosamine and D-fructose-6-phosphate.Conclusion. Therefore, it has been established that corn lines with positively different levels of drought tolerance are characterized by varying activity of soluble lectins.

Photosynthesis ecophysiology of polar Vaucheria sp. – inter-annual comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Jana Kvíderová ◽  
Josef Elster
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Arctic Summer

The Vaucheria sp. microbial mats represent the most important primary producer in the tidal flat in Adventdalen, Svalbard. Its photosynthetic activity was monitored ex situ in a microcosm in late Arctic summer in 2016 and 2017 using variable chlorophyll fluorescence measurements with blue and red excitation lights. The effective quantum yield (FPSII) was measured, and the photosynthetic relative electron transport rate (rETR) was calculated. During the measurement period, the microclimate data, air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), were recorded as well. Year 2016 was slightly warmer than year 2017. Despite of higher maximum PAR values found in 2016, the mean irradiance reached higher values in 2017 than 2016. When using red light excitation, the rETR and effective quantum yield values were lower than those measured using blue excitation light in 2016. However, opposite results were recorded in 2017, indicating thus rather sample-specific differences. According to redundancy analysis, the PAR was confirmed as the main driver of photosynthesis in late Arctic summer in both years. No serious photoinhibition, expressed as serious systematic decline of the rETR, was observed in both years indicating rapid photoacclimation of Vaucheria sp. photosynthesis to changing light environment. The air temperature was found to be less important driver of the photosynthetic activity. The inter-annual comparisons showed increased photosynthetic activity in 2017, probably caused by higher PAR in 2017, by differences in microcosmos design and/or heterogeneity of samples.

scholarly journals Growth, Photosynthesis, and Nutrient Uptake at Different Light Intensities and Temperatures in Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1925-1933
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
PingPing Li ◽  
JiZhang Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Different Temperatures

Light and temperature are two crucial factors affecting plant growth. Light intensities vary considerably with season and weather conditions. Reasonable light regulation at different temperatures is a key issue in environmental regulation. In this study, we determined the effects of light intensity and temperature on crop growth and development. Furthermore, we determined an optimal light value and a suitable light range at different temperatures for producing the lettuce Lactuca sativa L. Artificial climate chamber experiments were conducted at five light intensities (100, 200, 350, 500, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1), as well as at low (15 °C/10 °C), medium (23 °C/18 °C), and high (30 °C/25 °C) temperatures. In these experiments, we investigated the photosynthetic rate; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; total N, P, and K uptake; and growth of lettuce plants. The results indicated that at a low temperature, the values of effective quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate (Tr) —as well as those of N, K, and P uptake—were the highest at 350 μmol·m−2·s−1, followed by 500 μmol·m−2·s−1, which resulted in higher values for leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry weight (DW), and fresh weight (FW). At the medium temperature, the values of ΦPSII, Pn, gS, and Tr, as well as those of N, K, and P uptake were higher at 350, 500, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 than at other light intensities, resulting in high values for LN, LA, DW, and FW of lettuce plants. The LN, LA, and FW of lettuce plants were the highest at 500 μmol·m−2·s−1, whereas DW was the highest at 600 μmol·m−2·s−1. At a high temperature, lettuce plants exhibited the highest values of Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, Pn, gS, and Tr, as well as those of N, K, and P uptake for the 500 μmol·m−2·s−1 treatment; whereas LN, LA, FW, and DW were the highest at 600 μmol·m−2·s−1. In addition, the values of Fv/Fm indicated that lettuce plants were under stress under the following combinations: 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 at the low temperature, 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 at the medium temperature, and 100–350 μmol·m−2·s−1 at the high temperature. Based on these results, an optimal regulation strategy for light intensity at different temperature environments was proposed for lettuce cultivars similar to L. sativa L. in some regions, such as the subtropical regions of China. Specifically, for low temperatures, light intensities of 350 to 500 μmol·m−2·s−1are recommended for production, and an intensity of 350 μmol·m−2·s−1 provides optimal supplementary light during early spring and winter in greenhouses. For medium temperatures, light intensities of 350 to 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 are recommended, and 500 μmol·m−2·s−1 is the optimal value during the middle of spring and autumn. For high temperatures, light intensities of 500 to 600 μmol·m−2·s−1are recommended, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 is the optimal value of light intensity during late spring and early autumn.

scholarly journals The Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Purple Peppers

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Wu Miao ◽  
Huan Suo ◽  
Canfang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Purple Color

The yield of pepper with purple leaves (PF) is low, while the pepper with green leaves (GM) is not resistant to strong light and high temperature. In this study, we analyzed the photosynthesis characteristics and genetic stability of their hybrid progenies using PF(CS3) and GM(SJ11-3) as controls. Based on the decreased purple color and increased green color, the hybrid pepper was divided into five groups: Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5. Results showed that as the purple color increased, the anthocyanin content in leaves increased. Simultaneously, we found that PF exhibited higher resistance to strong light and high temperature. Thus, the purple hybrid progenies with higher photosynthetic rate were recommended, as they showed higher yield and better resistance to strong light and high temperature.

Evaluation of drought tolerance and screening for drought-tolerant indicators in sweetpotato cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan ZHANG ◽  
Bei-Tao XIE ◽  
Bao-Qing WANG ◽  
Shun-Xu DONG ◽  
Wen-Xue DUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on the behaviour and metabolism of an intertidal foraminifera and consequences for benthic ecosystem functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Deldicq ◽  
Dewi Langlet ◽  
Camille Delaeter ◽  
Grégory Beaugrand ◽  
Laurent Seuront ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractHeatwaves have increased in intensity, duration and frequency over the last decades due to climate change. Intertidal species, living in a highly variable environment, are likely to be exposed to such heatwaves since they can be emerged for more than 6 h during a tidal cycle. Little is known, however, on how temperature affects species traits (e.g. locomotion and behaviour) of slow-moving organisms such as benthic foraminifera (single-celled protists), which abound in marine sediments. Here, we examine how temperature influences motion-behaviour and metabolic traits of the dominant temperate foraminifera Haynesina germanica by exposing individuals to usual (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 °C) and extreme (high; i.e. 32, 34, 36 °C) temperature regimes. Our results show that individuals reduced their activity by up to 80% under high temperature regimes whereas they remained active under the temperatures they usually experience in the field. When exposed to a hyper-thermic stress (i.e. 36 °C), all individuals remained burrowed and the photosynthetic activity of their sequestered chloroplasts significantly decreased. Recovery experiments subsequently revealed that individuals initially exposed to a high thermal regime partially recovered when the hyper-thermic stress ceased. H. germanica contribution to surface sediment reworking substantially diminished from 10 mm3 indiv−1 day−1 (usual temperature) to 0 mm3 indiv−1 day−1 when individuals were exposed to high temperature regimes (i.e. above 32 °C). Given their role in sediment reworking and organic matter remineralisation, our results suggest that heatwaves may have profound long-lasting effects on the functioning of intertidal muddy ecosystems and some key biogeochemical cycles.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanomaterials for Enhancing the Thermal, Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2585
Author(s):  
Zhelun Li ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
Yangshi Liang ◽  
Shaopeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Two Parameters

Effective thermal conduction modification in asphalt binders is beneficial to reducing pavement surface temperature and relieving the urban heat island (UHI) effect in the utilization of solar harvesting and snow melting pavements. This study investigated the performance of two nanometer-sized modifiers, graphene (Gr) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), on enhancing the thermal, physical and rheological properties of asphalt binders. Measurements depending on a transient plant source method proved that both Gr and CNTs linearly increased the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of asphalt binders, and while 5% Gr by volume of matrix asphalt contributed to 300% increments, 5% CNTs increased the two parameters of asphalt binders by nearly 72% at 20 °C. Meanwhile, a series of empirical and rheological properties experiments were conducted. The results demonstrated the temperature susceptibility reduction and high-temperature properties promotion of asphalt binders by adding Gr or CNTs. The variation trends in the anti-cracking properties of asphalt binders modified by Gr and CNTs with the modifier content differed at low temperatures, which may be due to the unique nature of Gr. In conclusion, Gr, whose optimal content is 3% by volume of matrix asphalt, provides superior application potential for solar harvesting and snow melting pavements in comparison to CNTs due to its comprehensive contributions to thermal properties, construction feasibility, high-temperature performance and low-temperature performance of asphalt binders.

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