Mobility indicators and COVID-19 growth ratio in Iraq: a correlation study

Abstract Background There is no prior study of the effect of mobility-limiting measures on the occurrence of COVID-19 in Iraq. Objectives To determine the relationship between publicly available mobility index data and the growth ratio (GR) of COVID-19. Method We used Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports to extract Iraq’s mobility data and the official Ministry of Health COVID-19 statements. We used the data to calculate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and fit a linear regression model to determine the relationship between percentage change from the baseline in the mobility indices and the GR of COVID-19 in Iraq. Results There was a moderate positive correlation between each of the mobility indices except the residential index and COVID-19 GR in Iraq. The general linear model indicated that as each of the mobility indices increases by one unit, the GR of COVID19 increases by 0.002–0.003 except for the residential index. As the residential mobility index increases by one unit, the GR decreases by 0.009. All the findings were statistically significant (P-value < 0.0001). Conclusion Mobility-limiting measures may be able to reduce the growth rate of COVID-19 moderately. Accordingly, mobility-limiting measures should be combined with other public control measures particularly mass mask use.

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The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends Data

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1726276 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark David Walker ◽

Mihály Sulyok

Keyword(s):

Generalized Additive Models ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Additive Models ◽

Online Data ◽

German Government ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Community Mobility ◽

The Relationship ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Background Restrictions on social interaction and movement were implemented by the German government in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apple's “Mobility Trends” (AMT) data details levels of community mobility; it is a novel resource of potential use to epidemiologists. Objective The aim of the study is to use AMT data to examine the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence for Germany. Is a change in mobility apparent following COVID-19 and the implementation of social restrictions? Is there a relationship between mobility and COVID-19 occurrence in Germany? Methods AMT data illustrates mobility levels throughout the epidemic, allowing the relationship between mobility and disease to be examined. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were established for Germany, with mobility categories, and date, as explanatory variables, and case numbers as response. Results Clear reductions in mobility occurred following the implementation of movement restrictions. There was a negative correlation between mobility and confirmed case numbers. GAM using all three categories of mobility data accounted for case occurrence as well and was favorable (AIC or Akaike Information Criterion: 2504) to models using categories separately (AIC with “driving,” 2511. “transit,” 2513. “walking,” 2508). Conclusion These results suggest an association between mobility and case occurrence. Further examination of the relationship between movement restrictions and COVID-19 transmission may be pertinent. The study shows how new sources of online data can be used to investigate problems in epidemiology.

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Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21358-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pierre Nouvellet ◽

Sangeeta Bhatia ◽

Anne Cori ◽

Kylie E. C. Ainslie ◽

Marc Baguelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Ability ◽

Control Measures ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Strict Control ◽

Before And After ◽

Proxy Measure ◽

Lower Transmission ◽

The Relationship

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have sought to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission by restricting population movement through social distancing interventions, thus reducing the number of contacts. Mobility data represent an important proxy measure of social distancing, and here, we characterise the relationship between transmission and mobility for 52 countries around the world. Transmission significantly decreased with the initial reduction in mobility in 73% of the countries analysed, but we found evidence of decoupling of transmission and mobility following the relaxation of strict control measures for 80% of countries. For the majority of countries, mobility explained a substantial proportion of the variation in transmissibility (median adjusted R-squared: 48%, interquartile range - IQR - across countries [27–77%]). Where a change in the relationship occurred, predictive ability decreased after the relaxation; from a median adjusted R-squared of 74% (IQR across countries [49–91%]) pre-relaxation, to a median adjusted R-squared of 30% (IQR across countries [12–48%]) post-relaxation. In countries with a clear relationship between mobility and transmission both before and after strict control measures were relaxed, mobility was associated with lower transmission rates after control measures were relaxed indicating that the beneficial effects of ongoing social distancing behaviours were substantial.

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PEMASANGAN KATETER DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH PADA PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP

Jurnal Keperawatan Priority ◽

10.34012/jukep.v3i2.961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Tiarnida Nababan

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Correlation Study ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Aseptic Technique ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Relationship

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a result of the development of microorganisms in the urinary tract, which in normal conditions do not contain bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. Urinary tract infections are also infections that occupy the second position that most often attacks the body after respiratory infections. The objective of the study was to identify the relationship between catheter placement and the incidence of urinary tract infections at Royal Prima hospital Medan. This is a correlation study (correlation study) on the patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The sampling technique used was a saturated sampling technique. Analysis research data using the Spearmen test. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the majority of catheter installation was in the category of good were 78%, and in the category of not good 22%, and 78% suffered from do not experience urinary tract infections, and 22% infection urinary tract. The results of the study of the Spearmen test showed that p-value = 0.00. It was found that there was a relationship between catheter insertion and the incidence of urinary tract infections in the inpatient room. The local nurses are suggested to improve the aseptic technique of care performed when catheterization is performed so that the incidence of urinary tract infections due to catheter installation can be avoided.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KLIEN MENGONTROL HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN DI POLI JIWA RSJD Dr. RM SOEDJARWADI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2018

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.35913/jk.v6i2.121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 108-119

Author(s):

Ruthy Ngapiyem ◽

Erik Adik Putra Bambang Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Family Support ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Auditory Hallucinations ◽

P Value ◽

Nursing Management ◽

Chi Square ◽

Related Factors ◽

Central Java ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Latar Belakang : Halusinasi merupakan gangguan persepsi dimana pasien mempersepsikan sesuatu yang sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Penatalaksanaan keperawatan pada pasien dengan perubahan sensori persepsi: halusinasi selain diberi pengobatan farmakologi juga dengan dukungan keluarga agar dapat mengontrol halusinasi. Keterlibatan pendukung pasien (keluarga) sangat dapat membantu dalam proses pengobatan dalam kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran pada klien halusinasi pendengaran. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran pada klien halusinasi pendengaran di Poli Jiwa RSJD Dr. RM Soedjarwadi Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2018. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi korelasi untuk melihat adanya hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran pada klien halusinasi pendengaran. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini mengunakan kriteria sampling sebagai berikut: Populasi < 100 diambil total/ semua sampling. Dalam penelitian ini, jumlah sampelnya berjumlah 40 responden. Hasil Penelitian : Berdasarkan hasil uji statistic chi-square didapatkan nilai P-value > α yaitu (0,356 > 0,05) yang artinya tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemampuan klien mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran di Poli Jiwa RSJD Dr. RM Soedjarwadi Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2018. Kesimpulan dan Saran : Tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemampuan klien mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran di Poli Jiwa RSJD Dr. RM Soedjarwadi Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2018. Diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya meneliti terkait dengan faktor apa saja yang dapat mendukung kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran. Kata Kunci : dukungan keluarga, halusinasi pendengaran, kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pendengaran ABSTRACT Background: Hallucinations are perceptual disorders where patients perceive something that really doesn't happen. Nursing management in patients with hallucinations besides being given pharmacological treatment also with family support in order to control hallucinations. The involvement of supporting patients (families) can greatly assist in the treatment process in the ability to control auditory hallucinations in auditory hallucinations clients. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of family support with the ability to control auditory hallucinations in auditory hallucinations clients at the Psychiatric Psychology RSJD Dr. RM Soedjarwadi Province of Central Java in 2018. Method: This study uses a correlation study design to see the relationship of family support with the ability to control auditory hallucinations in auditory hallucinations clients. The sample size in this study used the following sampling criteria: Population <100 was taken total/ all sampling. In this study, the number of samples was 40 respondents. Result: Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, the value of P-value> α is obtained (0.356> 0.05) which means there is no relationship between family support and the client's ability to control auditory hallucinations at the Psychiatric Psychology RSJD Dr. RM Soedjarwadi Province of Central Java in 2018. Conclusion and Reccomendation: There is no relationship between family support and the client's ability to control auditory hallucinations at the Psychiatric Psychology RSJD Dr. RM Soedjarwadi Province of Central Java in 2018. It is hoped that the next researcher will examine the related factors that can support the ability to control auditory hallucinations. Keywords : family support, auditory hallucinations, ability to control auditory hallucinations

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Correlation between Students’ Self-Efficacy and Teachers’ Educational Leadership Style in Iranian Midwifery Students

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p260 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zohreh Sohrabi ◽

Masoomeh Kheirkhah ◽

Elahe Sadegi Sahebzad ◽

Seyedehsahel Rasoulighasemlouei ◽

Siamak Khavandi

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Correlation Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Science Degree ◽

Complete Work ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is believe in and feeling of ability to complete work. One of these factors is educational teachers ' role. This study aimed to determine relationship between teachers’ leadership style and students’ self-efficacy in midwifery students.METHOD: This Study is a cross sectional correlation study. Sampling was conducted in midwifery students in Bachelor Science degree in 2013. Data collection tools were multi leadership questionnaire and self-efficacy clinical performance. After explaining the goals of study, 97 students completed the questionnaire. Scoring the questionnaire was based on a Liker’s scale (0-5).Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Correlation coefficient test was adopted to investigate the relationship and p value was considered 0.05.RESULT: Mean of self-efficacy scores were 116.12 (24.66.). In 53.3% of the cases, self-efficacy was good, in 42.2% moderate and in 4.3%, it was bad. The majority of the students (88.9%) reported that their teachers had an idealized style in leadership. About 94.6% of the students with good self- efficacy believed that their teachers’ leadership style was transformational style. There was a significant correlation between self- efficacy and leadership style (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that transformational style is appropriate for midwifery teachers.

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A Correlation Study of the Effectiveness of Teaching Practice between Taught Programs and Personal In-Built Performance Talents

Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics ◽

10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.3.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Rozhgar Jalal Khidhir

Keyword(s):

Classroom Management ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Teaching Practice ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Study ◽

P Value ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Teaching Programs ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

The study aims to identify the types of relationships related to the conversation, teaching methods, language testing, syntax, micro-teaching, classroom management, and teaching practice. It is hypothesized that there is no linear relationship between the two variables, r= 0. In other words, no connection is there between the teaching programs at the university and performing well at schools during practising. Thus, and by contrast, there is a linear relationship between the two variables, r ≠0. In other words, the teaching programs at the university and teaching practice are related. However, there is an uncertainty that performing well at schools could be solely due to the effectiveness of taught programs and personal in-built talents. Specifically, the study tries to answer these questions: 1. Is there any relationship between the teaching programs and teaching well at schools during practising? If yes, how strong is that? 2. Which teaching program is relatively strongly related to the teaching practice module? And 3. Does personal in-built talent bring about an escalation in performing well at schools during practicing? Also, the study aims to figure out any connection between programs at university and teaching performance at schools by identifying the type and the magnitude of the relationship available. Also, it attempts to highlight the most influential positive or negative connection between the taught program variables. Further, it reveals the rationale beyond teaching practice achievements and, consequently, relates them to the actual causes. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between all the selected modules and teaching practice based on the Pearson Correlation test calculating the coefficient value output at 0.494 with a p. value of 0.000. Since correlation does not mean causation, the findings report a kind of confusion about whether teaching programs are beyond teaching well at schools.

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Hubungan Spiritualitas Dan Tipe Kepribadian Dengan Psychological Well-Being Remaja SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v11i1.2226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Burhanuddin Hartono ◽

I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin ◽

Supriyadi

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Well Being ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Personality Types ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Significance Level ◽

The Relationship

Teenagers are the next generation of the nation who are expected to be potential leaders of the nation. Therefore teenagers need to feel prosperous in order to develop and gain knowledge well. Psychological well-being is an important element that needs to be cultivated in individuals in order to fully strengthen engagement in facing responsibilities and achieving their potential. Psychological well-being is influenced by personality types and spirituality. Knowing the relationship between spirituality and personality types with psychological well-being teenagers in SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The research design used in this study was a descriptive correlation study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were teenagers at SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling as many as 70 people. Data analysis using Chi Square statistical test with a significance level of 5%. Nurse spirituality was low category 36 (51%) respondents, extrovert personality type 39 (56%) respondents and low psychological well-being 37 (53%) respondents. There is a significant relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.005). Then the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being was also significant with a p-value of 0.015 (<0.005).

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HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP SISWI TENTANG KEPUTIHAN DI KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 8 KOTA BINJAI TAHUN 2016

Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan ◽

10.34008/jurhesti.v1i2.67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Helvia Gusvita

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Population Data ◽

Correlation Study ◽

P Value ◽

Student Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

The Relationship

Leucorrhoea is a normal thing for women. However, this can turn out to be a dangerous disease due to infection by fungi or viruses, and no less important is the cause of other leucorrhoea, namely bacteria or parasites. This study aims to determine the relationship between student knowledge and attitudes about vaginal discharge using a descriptive study design correlation (correlation study) using a cross sectional study design. The data sources in this study are primary and secondary data using questionnaire and analysis instruments with correlation test and chi-square test techniques using the SPSS program (Statistical Product and Service Solution). The population in this study was female students, to determine the number of samples by taking 30% of the population. Data collection using a questionnaire or questionnaire. From the results of the study showed that the relationship between female knowledge and attitudes about vaginal discharge with a low positive correlation number (positive relationship with weak interpretation) with a level of confidence (α) = 5% = (0.05). For the correlation test obtained the value of P Value = 0.029 (P <0.05), meaning that there is a relationship between student knowledge and attitudes about vaginal discharge. The majority of students have enough knowledge about vaginal discharge as many as 19 people (52.8%). It is recommended that students broaden their knowledge to better understand and understand vaginal discharge.Keywords: Knowledge and attitude, vaginal discharge

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Kesejahteraan Spiritual Dan Depresi Pada Keluarga Pasien Yang Dirawat Di Ruang ICU RSUD Banyumas

Adi Husada Nursing Journal ◽

10.37036/ahnj.v6i2.174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Agus Subarkah ◽

Nur Isnaini

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Well Being ◽

Correlation Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is one of the inpatient rooms in a hospital the purpose of observing, treating and treating patients who are in danger of life due to organ failure. Changes that occur in patients can cause pressure and become a burden for the family as caregivers and can have an impact on family psychology such as depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and depression in the families of patients who were treated in the ICU Banyumas Hospital. This study is a correlation study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study were the families of patients who were treated at the ICU at Banyumas Hospital as many as 32 respondents with purposive sampling technique. The analysis in this study used the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that there was no relationship between spiritual well-being and depression in the families of patients treated in the ICU room at Banyumas Hospital (p value 0.088 < 0.05). The better the spiritual welfare of the patient's family, the less the risk of experiencing depression when the patient is admitted to the ICU. Keywords: spiritual well-being, depression, ICU

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRES EMOSI DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR LANSIA

Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa ◽

10.26714/jkj.5.2.2017.68-71 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Dahroni Dahroni ◽

Triana Arisdiani ◽

Yuni Puji Widiastuti

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Emotional Stress ◽

The Elderly ◽

Correlation Study ◽

P Value ◽

Service Center ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Conditions ◽

The Relationship

Lanjut usia adalah seseorang yang telah mencapai usia lebih dari 60 tahun dan megalami beberapa perubahan fungsi fisiologis yang akan berdampak pada kondisi fisik maupun psikologis diantara stres emosi. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stres emosi dengan kualitas tidur pada lansia di Balai pelayanan sosial lansia. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan study deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 74 orang. Hasil : ada hubungan yang signifikan antara stres emosi dengan kualitas tidur lansia dengan nilai p value 0,003 (P<0,05). Diskusi : Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk mengembangkan penelitian yang serupa, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup lanjut usia. Kata Kunci: Stres emosi, kualitas tidur, lansia RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL STRESS AND SLEEP QUALITY ABSTRACTAdvanced age is someone who has reached the age of more than 60 years and has several changes in physiological functions that will have an impact on the physical and psychological conditions between emotional stress. This research aims to determine the relationship between emotional stress and sleep quality in the elderly in the elderly social service center. This research is a descriptive correlation study with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples is 74 people. The result of the research was significant correlation between emotional stress and elderly sleep quality with a p value of 0.003 (P <0.05) The research is expected to be able to develop similar research so that it can improve the quality of life of elderly. Keywords: Emotional stress, sleep quality, elderly

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