Diagnostic Role of Collagen Type III Alpha in Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast: An Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract Background The fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) are heterogeneous biphasic tumors composed of epithelial and stromal components, they include fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumor (PT). The most FAs are benign, while the PTs have unpredictable biologic behavior, where they can recur if incompletely excised, and can even metastasize. According to the WHO Classification of Tumors of The Breast, PT is classified by the histological features into benign, borderline, and malignant. There is difference in management of the FELs, where a FA is treated conservatively or by simple enucleation. While PT must be excised with wide surgical margin to avoid the recurrence of this tumor, where it can recur as high grade. For this reason the preoperative distinction between FA and PT is critical for management. On another hand, still this differentiation is difficult and challenging in some cases especially on limited sample of core needle biopsy (CNB) and also on excision due to the heterogeneity of PT and overlapping features between the FELs. Recently, the use of immunohistochemical markers may have helpful role in differentiation between FA and PT, and grading of the last one. Collagen III α (Col A ) has been emerged as a potential new diagnostic maker useful in differentiation between fibroepithelial lesions. Methodology In this retrospective study we evaluated the histopathological features of Cases of FELs including FA and PT with its subgrades. We also evaluated an immunohistochemical diagnostic potential of collagen III α (Col A) in differentiating FA from PT, and categorizing the last one. Furthermore, correlations between Col A expression and clinicopathological parameters were performed. Results The staining expression of Col A was increased significantly in PTs when compared with FAs (P<) . Col A expression increased with increased grade of PT but without significant difference between benign PT and borderline PT, and between borderline PT and malignant PT. By pairwise comparison, there was a significant difference between CFA and benign PT according to Col A expression (P<) , and also between the typical FA and FA with PT like features (P<) . There was a trend of increased expression but did not reach the significance between FA with PT like features and benign PT (P=) . Distinct periductal cuffing pattern of Col A staining was present in all PTs and absent in most FAs (P<) , and only cases of FA with PT features exhibited this pattern. Conclusion Col A is a diagnostic marker can differentiate between FA and PT, especially between CFA and benign PT, and the Col A expression increased with increased grade of PT but without significant difference. FA with PT like features might be a distinct category that should be distinguished from typical FΑ as it may an initial event of tumor progression to PT.

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Analysing Touchscreen Gestures: A Study Based on Individuals with Down Syndrome Centred on Design for All

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1328

Author(s):

Jorge Martin-Gutierrez ◽

Marta Sylvia Del Rio Guerra

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Success Rates ◽

Touch Gestures ◽

Design For All ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Collateral Effect ◽

Completion Times

There has been a conscious shift towards developing increasingly inclusive applications. However, despite this fact, most research has focused on supporting those with visual or hearing impairments and less attention has been paid to cognitive impairments. The purpose of this study is to analyse touch gestures used for touchscreens and identify which gestures are suitable for individuals living with Down syndrome (DS) or other forms of physical or cognitive impairments. With this information, app developers can satisfy Design for All (DfA) requirements by selecting adequate gestures from existing lists of gesture sets. Twenty touch gestures were defined for this study and a sample group containing eighteen individuals with Down syndrome was used. A tool was developed to measure the performance of touch gestures and participants were asked to perform simple tasks that involved the repeated use of these twenty gestures. Three variables are analysed to establish whether they influence the success rates or completion times of gestures, as they could have a collateral effect on the skill with which gestures are performed. These variables are Gender, Type of Down syndrome, and Socioeconomic Status. Analysis reveals that significant difference is present when a pairwise comparison is performed, meaning individuals with DS cannot perform all gestures with the same ease. The variables Gender and Socioeconomic Status do not influence success rates or completion times, but Type of DS does.

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Evaluation of Different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Devices for Assessing Tissue Oxygenation with a Vascular Occlusion Test in Healthy Volunteers

Journal of Vascular Research ◽

10.1159/000510072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 341-347

Author(s):

Jaeyeon Chung ◽

Sang-Hwan Ji ◽

Young-Eun Jang ◽

Eun-Hee Kim ◽

Ji-Hyun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Vascular Occlusion ◽

Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽

Vascular Occlusion Test ◽

Occlusion Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Near-infrared spectroscopy devices can measure peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). This study aims to compare StO2 using INVOS® and different O3™ settings (O325:75 and O330:70). Twenty adults were recruited. INVOS® and O3™ probes were placed simultaneously on 1 side of forearm. After baseline measurement, the vascular occlusion test was initiated. The baseline value, rate of deoxygenation and reoxygenation, minimum and peak StO2, and time from cuff release to peak value were measured. The parameters were compared using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Bonferroni’s correction and Mann-Whitney pairwise comparison were used for post hoc analysis. The agreement between StO2 of devices was evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. INVOS® baseline value was higher (79.7 ± 6.4%) than that of O325:75 and O330:70 (62.4 ± 6.0% and 63.7 ± 5.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). The deoxygenation rate was higher with INVOS® (10.6 ± 2.1%/min) than with O325:75 and O330:70 (8.4 ± 2.2%/min, p = 0.006 and 7.5 ± 2.1%/min, p < 0.001). The minimum and peak StO2 were higher with INVOS®. No significant difference in the reoxygenation rate was found between the devices and settings. The time to reach peak after cuff deflation was faster with INVOS® (both p < 0.001). Other parameters were similar. There were no differences between the different O3™ settings. There were differences in StO2 measurements between the devices, and these devices should not be interchanged. Differences were not observed between O3™ device settings.

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Differences in the outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer prescribed by physicians in different disciplines: a population-based study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021341 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e021341

Author(s):

Cheng-I Hsieh ◽

Raymond Nien-Chen Kuo ◽

Chun-Chieh Liang ◽

Hsin-Yun Tsai ◽

Kuo-Piao Chung

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Surgical Margin ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Multiple Primary Cancers ◽

Positive Surgical Margin ◽

Recurrence Rates ◽

Significant Difference

ObjectivesOne feature unique to the Taiwanese healthcare system is the ability of physicians other than oncologists to prescribe systemic chemotherapy. This study investigated whether the care paths implemented by oncologists and non-oncologists differ with regard to patient outcomes.SettingData from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Database were linked to identify patients with colon cancer who underwent colectomy as first treatment within 3 months of diagnosis and adjuvant chemotherapy between 2005 and 2009.Participants and methodsPostoperative patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study. The exclusion criteria included patients with stage IV disease, a positive surgical margin and early disease recurrence. Among the patients presenting with multiple primary cancers, we also excluded patients who were diagnosed with colon cancer but for whom this was not the first primary cancer. The variables included sex, age, comorbidities, disease stage, chemotherapy cycle and changes in treatment regimen as well as the specialty of treatment providers and their case volume. Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to examine differences in outcomes in the matched cohorts.ResultsWe examined 3534 patients who were prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy by physicians from different disciplines. In terms of 5-year disease-free survival, no significant difference was observed between the groups of oncologists or surgeons among patients with stage II (90.02%vs88.99%) or stage III (77.64%vs79.99%) diseases. Patients who were subjected to changes in their chemotherapy regimens presented recurrence rates higher than those who were not.ConclusionsThe discipline of practitioners is seldom taken into account in most series. This is the first study to provide empirical evidence demonstrating that the outcomes of patients with colon cancer do not depend on the treatment path, as long as the selection criteria for adjuvant chemotherapy is appropriate. Further study will be required before making any further conclusions.

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Stigma and attitudes on epilepsy a study: with secondary school students

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2007001000008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 65 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Brenda A. Reno ◽

Paula T. Fernandes ◽

Gail S. Bell ◽

Josemir W. Sander ◽

Li M. Li

Keyword(s):

Epileptic Seizure ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

School Students ◽

Lecture Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Appropriate Education ◽

Difference Test

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether an inappropriate attitude towards a person having an epileptic seizure contributes to the stigma found in society and whether an appropriate attitude helps to diminish it in the short term; to perform a long term investigation about information remembered and stigma perception after an educational lecture. METHOD: This study was performed in two steps: Step 1. Students of first year of high school of two schools in Campinas completed a questionnaire including the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy following a seizure demonstration. They were divided into three groups: a) one group had a demonstration of proper attitudes towards someone having an epileptic seizure; b) one group was shown incorrect procedures; c) control group. After the completion of the questionnaire, an educational lecture about epilepsy was given. Step 2: six months later, the questionnaire was re-administered. RESULTS: The comparison between the four groups (step 1 and step 2) show a significant difference (Anova (3,339)=2.77; p=0.042). Pairwise comparison using Fisher's Least-Significant-Difference Test showed a significant difference between the group shown incorrect procedures (step 1) versus step 2, and the control group (step 1) versus step 2, but no difference between the group shown correct procedures (step 1) versus step 2. DISCUSSION: Exhibiting proper attitudes towards a person experiencing an epileptic seizure may cause significant differences among the subjects’ degrees of stigma towards people with epilepsy. It is therefore fundamental that there should be de-stigmatization campaigns provided, to correct information and provide appropriate education.

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Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Various Bulk-fill Bioactive Dentin substitutes: An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1970 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 997-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fahad I Alkhudhairy ◽

Zeeshan H Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tukey Honestly Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Various bulk-fill materials depending on their composition, viscosity, and flow ability have different physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength and microleakage properties of activa restorative with other bulk-fill restorative materials surefil (SDR), Biodentine, ever X posterior. Materials and methods Forty permanent premolars were selected for shear bond strength, and 20 permanent premolars were selected with class II cavities on mesial and distal side for microleakage. Universal testing device was used to assess the shear bond strength. Microleakage was checked using dye penetration method under a stereomicroscope. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated from the recorded values. Intergroup comparison was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by pairwise comparison using Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Results The mean shear bond strength was highest for SDR surefil followed by Ever X posterior, Bioactive restorative, and Biodentine respectively. In this study, SDR (surefil) showed better shear bond strength and better microleakage properties compared with the other test materials (F = 186.7157, p < 0.05). Conclusion The result of this study showed that flowable and fiber-reinforced composites have better shear bond strength and microleakage properties. Clinical significance Flowable bulk-fill composite resins can be used as dentin substitutes because of its superior properties. How to cite this article Alkhudhairy FI, Ahmad ZH. Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Various Bulk-fill Bioactive Dentin substitutes: An in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):997-1002.

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Serum total adenosine deaminase activity in Nepalese patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v4i2.6208 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

N Gautam ◽

J Archana ◽

R Kumar ◽

LI Singh ◽

RM Sapkota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Adenosine Deaminase Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reliable Marker

Objective: Several studies indicate that serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity could be a potential marker for the diagnosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there has been no such study that could independently verify this finding in Nepali population. The present study therefore aims to measure the total ADA activity in the sera of Nepalese RA patients and verify its diagnostic potential. Materials and Methods: A total of 69 RA patients who visited Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH), Bhairahawa, Nepal for their medical treatment were enrolled for this study. An equal number of age and sex-matched healthy controls were also included in the study. Blood samples were collected from each study subjects and analyzed for serum total ADA, Creactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Results: Serum total ADA activity was found to be significantly (p<0.0001) higher (30.0 }10.1 U/L) in all RA patients compared to healthy controls (13.5 } 3.6 U/L). However, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the ADA activity was found between the smokers and non-smoker RA patients. Out of total 69 RA patients, only 16 (23.1%) were positive for CRP and 11 (15.9%) were positive for RF. Conclusion: Measurement of serum total ADA activity could be a reliable marker for the diagnosis of RA in Nepali population with relevant clinical scenarios when there is absence of CRP and RF in the serum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.6208 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 30-35

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Histopathologic Analysis of Pancreaticoduodenectomy Specimen

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.2857 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (204) ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

Ramesh Dhakhwa ◽

Neeta Kafle

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽

Perineural Invasion ◽

Surgical Margin ◽

College Teaching ◽

Distal Cholangiocarcinoma ◽

Medical College ◽

Periampullary Neoplasms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Histopathologic Evaluation ◽

Histopathologic Analysis

Introduction: Whipple’s Pancreaticoduodenectomy has increasingly been used as an appropriate resectional procedure for tumors of the periampullary region which are pancreatic, periampullary, ampullary and biliary tumors. Our aim was to study the distribution and histopathologic features of these tumors and to examine local trends of periampullary neoplasms resected with a PD.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from July 2013 to June 2016.Results: Thirty five patients underwent Whipple’s Pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure during a period of 36 months from July 2013 to June 2016. Malignant tumor was present in 31 (88.57%) cases where as four cases (11.43%) harboured benign lesions. Periampullary mixed carcinoma was the predominant tumor (34.28%) followed by periampullary duodenal (20%), ampullary (14.28%), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (11.42%) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (5.71%). There was no significant difference in tumor size among periampullary, ampullary, pancreatic and biliary carcinomas. Ampullary carcinomas were predominantly well differentiated (80%) where as the other tumors were mostly moderately differentiated. Lymphovascular and perineural invasion varied in different tumor types. Four pancreatic adenocarcinomas showed lymphovascular and perineural invasion. Adequate surgical margin clearance was achieved in most of the cases except in one case each of periampullary duodenal carcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma and two cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma..Conclusions: Pancreaticoduodenectomy specimen requires thorough histopathological evaluation. Pathologists should also be aware of possibility of a benign diagnosis in PD specimens which have been resected presuming malignancy based on clinical judgement and radiological data. Keywords: histopathologic evaluation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, periampullary carcinoma. | PubMed

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Prognosis-Related Autophagy Genes in Female Lung Adenocarcinoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53994/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhongxiang Liu ◽

Haicheng Tang ◽

Yongqian Jiang ◽

Xiaopeng Zhan ◽

Sheng Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Regression Model ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Risk Score ◽

Risk Group ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Clinicopathological Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cox Analysis

Abstract Background: To screen the prognosis-related autophagy genes of female lung adenocarcinoma by the transcriptome data and clinical data from TCGA database.Methods: In this study, Screen meaningful female lung adenocarcinoma differential genes in TCGA, use univariate COX proportional regression model to select genes related to prognosis, and establish the best risk model. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were applied for carrying out bioinformatics analysis of gene function.Results: The gene expression and clinical data of 260 female lung adenocarcinoma patient samples were downloaded from TCGA. 12 down-regulated genes: NRG3, DLC1, NLRC4, DAPK2, HSPB8, PPP1R15A, FOS, NRG1, PRKCQ, GRID1, MAP1LC3C, GABARAPL1. Up-regulated 15 genes: PARP1, BNIP3, P4HB, ATIC, IKBKE, ITGB4, VMP1, PTK6, EIF4EBP1, GAPDH, ATG9B, ERO1A, TMEM74, CDKN2A, BIRC5. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these genes were significantly associated with autophagy and mitochondria (animals). Multi-factor COX analysis of autophagy-related genes showed that ITGA6, ERO1A, FKBP1A, BAK1, CCR2, FADD, EDEM1, ATG10, ATG4A, DLC1, VAMP7, ST13 were identified as independent prognostic indicators. According to the multivariate COX proportional hazard regression model, there was a significant difference in the survival rate observed between the high-risk group (n=124) and the low-risk group (n=126) during the 10-year follow-up (p<0.05). Univariate COX analysis showed that tumor stage, T, M and N stages, and risk score were all related to the survival rate of female lung adenocarcinoma patients. Multivariate COX analysis found that autophagy-related risk scores were independent predictors, with an AUC value of 0.842. At last, there are autophagy genes differentially expressed among various clinicopathological parameters: ATG4A, BAK1, CCR2, DLC1, ERO1A, FKBP1A, ITGA6.Conclusion: The risk score can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The autophagy genes ITGA6, ERO1A, FKBP1A, BAK1, CCR2, FADD, EDEM1, ATG10, ATG4A, DLC1, VAMP7, ST13 were identified as prognostic genes in female lung adenocarcinoma, which may be the targets of treatment in the future.

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A Retrospective Study of Ultrasound Characteristics and Macroscopic Findings in Confirmed Malignant Pleural Effusion

Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/5628267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Nevenka Piskac Zivkovic ◽

Igor Cikara ◽

Nina Petra Novak ◽

Boris Brkljacic ◽

Neven Tudoric

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Malignant Pleural Effusion ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Macroscopic Appearance ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Thoracic Ultrasound ◽

Pleural Thickening ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference

Background. A definitive diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is reached by cytological or histological assessment, but thorough analysis of the ultrasound features of the effusion as well as pleural thickening or nodularity can also be of significant diagnostic help. Objective. To assess the relationship of specific ultrasound characterisctics and macroscopic features of confirmed malignant pleural effusion, thus increasing the diagnostic potential of thoracic ultrasound. Methods. The findings of thoracic ultrasonography performed prior to initial thoracentesis in 104 patients with subsequently confirmed malignant pleural effusion were analyzed with regard to the macroscopic features of the pleural effusion. Results. Distribution in terms of frequency of hemorrhagic/sanguinolent (n=64) in relation to nonhemorrhagic transparent/opaque (n=40) MPE, regardless of their ultrasound characteristics, did not yield a statistically significant correlation (p=0.159). Conversely, the frequency distribution of hemorrhagic pleural effusions (n=8) in relation to nonhemorrhagic effusions (n=1), in the group of septated MPE, showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The least number of patients (0.96%) had a complex septated MPE combined with the macroscopic appearance of a serous/transparent nonhemorrhagic effusion, which suggests that this combination is a sporadic occurrence and may have a diagnostic significance for this patient group. Conclusion. The incidence of specific combinations of the ultrasound characteristics and macroscopic appearance of MPEs showed different frequency distributions, which may improve the diagnostic value of thoracic ultrasound in this patient population.

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Evaluation of healing prosthetic materials polyester mesh resorbable film and collagen elastin matrix /polypropylene used in rabbits abdominal wall defects

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502009000600010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 476-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Danielle Duck Schulz ◽

Nicolau Gregori Czeczko ◽

Osvado Malafaia ◽

Gustavo Justo Schulz ◽

Leticia Elizabeth A. Czeczko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Wall ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Collagen Type I ◽

Abdominal Wall Defects ◽

Type I ◽

Polyester Mesh ◽

Collagen Formation ◽

Collagen Iii ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Significant Difference

PURPOSE: To compare polyester with absorbable layer prosthesis with collagen-elastin/polypropylene prosthesis in the repair of abdominal wall defects. METHODS: The 16 studied rabbits were divided in groups A and B (euthanized on the 30th and 60th days, after the implant of the mesh). The animals underwent laparotomy and received a 2cm wall "defect" on each side of the Alba linea. The repair was made with the suture of a polyester mesh with absorbable film on the left side of the Alba Linea and with collagen-elastin/polypropylene mesh on the right side. Adherences were classified according to Nair Score and microscopic evaluation observing types I and III collagen formation and other immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in adhesion formation. The collagen type I showed higher deposition in polyester with absorbable layer. In group B, the difference between the meshes was significant, with higher collagen III deposition in polyester with absorbable layer (60º P.O.). About the metalloproteinases, the presence of MMP -1 and MMP-8 were about the same; the expression of MMP-13 increased near to the 60th day. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between the two meshes in adhesion formation and immunohystochemical evaluation. The polyester mesh resorbable film presented a higher deposition of collagen.

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