scholarly journals Gender Difference in Willingness and Capacity for Deliberation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsoun Afsahi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Facilitation Techniques

Abstract This article examines the gender gap in deliberation, focusing on three facets: willingness to deliberate, capacity for deliberation, and facilitation techniques aimed at reducing the gender gap. It hypothesizes that women will be less willing to deliberate but more likely to engage in strictly defined desired deliberative behaviors. Relying on original survey and experimental data, this paper finds women to be more willing to deliberate. However, men’s negative deliberative behaviors—particularly cutting others off or dominating speech––undermine women’s efforts to be effective deliberators. Finally, the two innovative facilitation methods outlined in the article eliminate the gender gap.

scholarly journals What Explains the Gender Gap in College Track Dropout? Experimental and Administrative Evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Almås ◽  
Alexander W. Cappelen ◽  
Kjell G. Salvanes ◽  
Erik Ø. Sørensen ◽  
Bertil Tungodden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Administrative Evidence

We exploit a unique data set, combining rich experimental data with high-quality administrative data, to study dropout from the college track in Norway, and why boys are more likely to drop out. The paper provides three main findings. First, we show that family background and personal characteristics contribute to explain dropout. Second, we show that the gender difference in dropout rates appears both when the adolescents select into the college track and after they have started. Third, we show that different processes guide the choices of the boys and the girls of whether to drop out from the college track.

Economic Vulnerability, Self-Interest, and Individual Trade Preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Guisinger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Do So

Chapter 4 provides an original explanation both for why women and minorities are more likely to express protectionist sentiments and for why those protectionist sentiments are not reflected in their voting. The chapter provides an extension of standard models of individual economic well-being to consider trade’s effect not only on wages but also on employment volatility, which is increased by openness to foreign trade. The chapter offers analysis of original survey data from 2006 and 2010 and three decades of American National Election Studies to confirm the previously observed gender gap and newly identified racial gap in trade preferences. The chapter then presents two experimental surveys testing alternative causal mechanisms for the divides. Both experiments vary the type of information provided to respondents about trade partners and potential benefits of trade. In both cases, experiments show stability in women and non-whites preferences for trade and variability in white men’s preferences. Next, the chapter reinvestigates the salience of trade by gender and racial groupings and shows low salience among women and non-whites. The chapter concludes with a description of who might benefit from women and minorities stable preferences and why so few organizations seek to do so.

scholarly journals Explaining Gender in the Journals: How Submission Practices Affect Publication Patterns in Political Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Djupe ◽  
Amy Erica Smith ◽  
Anand Edward Sokhey
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Publication Rates ◽  
Publication Patterns ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Political Science Journals ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTIn recent work, Teele and Thelen (2017) documented the underrepresentation of female-authored scholarship in a broad selection of political science journals. To better understand these patterns, we present the results of an original, individual-level survey of political scientists conducted in the spring of 2017. Confirming Teele and Thelen’s speculation, our evidence indicates that differences in submission rates underlie the gender gap in publication—a pattern particularly pronounced for the discipline’s “top three” journals. Leveraging original survey items, we pursue explanations of the submission gap, finding that both methodological specialization and attitudes toward publication strategies play roles. Importantly, we also conclude that men and women obtain differential returns on their investments in coauthorship: although male and female respondents report identical propensities to coauthor, coauthorship boosts submission and publication rates more strongly for men than women. We discuss the implications of our findings for ongoing conversations about inequality in political science.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Cassese ◽  
Christina E. Farhart ◽  
Joanne M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Dispositional Factors

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate gender differences in COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs. We find that women are significantly less likely than men to endorse COVID-19 conspiracy theories and that this gender difference cuts across party lines. Our analysis suggests that this gender gap is partially explained by two dispositional factors: learned helplessness and conspiratorial thinking. Our findings qualify past work on the antecedents of conspiracy theory beliefs, which does not uncover robust and significant gender differences. The results highlight the need for work in this area to better theorize about the significance of gender.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER F. KARPOWITZ ◽  
TALI MENDELBERG ◽  
LEE SHAKER
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social

Can men and women have equal levels of voice and authority in deliberation or does deliberation exacerbate gender inequality? Does increasing women's descriptive representation in deliberation increase their voice and authority? We answer these questions and move beyond the debate by hypothesizing that the group's gender composition interacts with its decision rule to exacerbate or erase the inequalities. We test this hypothesis and various alternatives, using experimental data with many groups and links between individuals’ attitudes and speech. We find a substantial gender gap in voice and authority, but as hypothesized, it disappears under unanimous rule and few women, or under majority rule and many women. Deliberative design can avoid inequality by fitting institutional procedure to the social context of the situation.

Gender difference in the continuance intention to e-file income tax returns in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Saman Arshad ◽  
Sobia Khurram
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Continuous Usage Intention

This paper investigates the continuous usage intention of an e-government service from the digital divide perspective, particularly the gender differences. To find out whether the gender difference exists, the case of income tax e-filing service of Pakistan was taken, and the data was collected by means of an online survey from citizens who have previously used tax e-filing service (N = 401). The collected data was analyzed using Welch’s t-test in IBM SPSS v.20. The findings revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between men and women with regards to continuance intention to use income tax e-filing service. Specifically, men are more likely to continue usage than women probably because women are more influenced by their social circle and the ease of use of system while men majorly prefer to use a system for its functional benefits and/or performance. This study contributes to the body of knowledge as the research in the area of gender gap in the e-government usage particularly in a developing country context is scarce. Finally, the results are discussed in the light of the previous research and some practical implications are also provided.

scholarly journals Gender Gap in the Career Success of University Graduates: Effects of Work-Related Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-71
Author(s):  
Barbara Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Graduate Survey ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe article deals with the unequal career outcomes between women and men. The data from the graduate survey are used to investigate the effect of work-related values on career success. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition determines which factors can explain the gender difference. The results show that career aspirations have a more positive effect on men than on women and that a considerable proportion of the gender gap remains unexplained.

scholarly journals Gender Difference in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Performance in Science among Secondary School Students in Migori County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p154
Author(s):  
Polycarp O. Gor ◽  
Lucas O. A. Othuon ◽  
Quinter A. Migunde
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
School Students ◽  
Girls In Science ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference in the relationship between self-efficacy and performance in science. A sample of 327 Form Four students in Migori County was used. Questionnaires, focus group discussion guide and interview schedules were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Qualitative data were organized into themes and interpreted. Overall, boys had higher levels of performance in science (Mean=39.21) than girls (Mean=30.80) and the mean difference was statistically significant (t=3.89, p=.00). Boys had higher levels of self-efficacy (Mean=2.89) than girls (Mean=2.81) and the mean difference was not statistically significant (t=1.56, p=.12). Further, the overall correlation between self-efficacy and performance was statistically significant with r=.236 (p=.002, n=327). The correlation between self-efficacy and performance for boys was significant with r=.250 (p=.005, n=200) and non-significant for girls with r=.085 (p=.558, n=127). It is concluded that boys outperform girls in science and record higher scores in self-efficacy than girls. In addition, the variance shared in common between self-efficacy and performance is higher for boys than girls. To improve performance and also reduce the gender gap in science performance, self-efficacy should be enhanced for students but more particularly so for girls.

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