Body synchrony in triadic interaction

Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the structure of synchrony in groups larger than two. We conducted an optic flow analysis of body movement in triads engaged in face-to-face conversation, and explored a common measure of synchrony: time-aligned bodily covariation. We correlated this measure of synchrony with a diverse set of covariates related to the outcome of interactions. Triads showed higher maximum cross-correlation relative to a surrogate baseline, and ‘meta-synchrony’, in that composite dyads in a triad tended to show correlated structure. A windowed analysis also revealed that synchrony varies widely across an interaction. As in prior studies, average synchrony was low but statistically reliable in just a few minutes of interaction. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated the potential function of body synchrony by predicting it from various covariates, such as linguistic style matching, liking, laughter and cooperative play in a behavioural economic game. Exploratory results do not reveal a clear function for synchrony, though colaughter within triads was associated with greater body synchrony, and is consistent with an earlier analysis showing a positive connection between colaughter and cooperation. We end by discussing the importance of expanding and codifying analyses of synchrony and assessing its function.

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Teledermatology in Times of COVID-19 Confinement: Comparing Patients’ and Physicians’ Satisfaction by the Standardized Brest Teledermatology Questionnaire

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000514029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Joachim W. Fluhr ◽

Annie Gueguen ◽

Delphine Legoupil ◽

Emilie Brenaut ◽

Claire Abasq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Main Question ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Global Satisfaction ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Face To Face ◽

Almost All ◽

Outpatient Settings

The French government imposed the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown from March 17 until May 11, 2020. Only emergency cases and teledermatology (TD) were allowed in outpatient settings. A standardized questionnaire was developed to compare the satisfaction level of patients and their treating physicians. Our main question was whether the patients would perceive TD as a valid alternative for direct physical face-to-face consultation. Eighty-two patients and their 4 treating dermatologists from one dermatology department participated in the study (43 females, 39 males) with a mean age of 46.6 years (SD ±23.9). The reason for TD was a chronic disease in the majority (87.8%), and mainly as a follow-up (96.3%). Regarding satisfaction, almost all categories rated around 9 on a 0–10 verbal analogue scale. The same level of global satisfaction could be seen between the patients and the physicians as well as for the quality of the patient-physician relation and whether all questions could be addressed during the TC. Physicians showed significantly higher scores than patients only for the category of “length” of the consultation. Gender, age, as well as distance between the clinic and home of the patient were not influencing factors for satisfaction. Regarding the technical parameters, the evaluation was mostly comparable for patients and physicians, but overall lower than the relational satisfaction parameters, especially for image quality. Patients were significantly more motivated to continue the TD after the lockdown than their treating dermatologists. We see an interest for implementing TD in specialized centers with chronic patients coming from remote places for regular follow-ups. TD cannot replace in-person patient-physician interaction, but was helpful during the lockdown. As a result, TD might become part of dermatology training to prepare for future lockdown situations.

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An Investigation of How Online Learning Reduces ZPD in Mandarin Language Classrooms

International Journal of Education ◽

10.5296/ije.v13i1.18399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Noor Hanim Rahmat ◽

Mok Soon Sim ◽

Lau Suk Khi ◽

Ling Tek Soon

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Language Learning ◽

Proximal Development ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Face To Face ◽

Mandarin Language ◽

Language Classrooms ◽

Language Needs ◽

Almost All ◽

Play Group

Traditionally, language needs to be learnt face-to-face. Pronunciation practices, role play, group discussions are all activities that allow interaction among learners. Previously, some things are better learnt face-to-face, while some can be learnt online. Nevertheless, the pandemic has accelerated the need for online learning in almost all courses offered at institutions. Devices used for online learning can be used as a leaning tool by learners to improve understanding. These devices help to reduce a learner’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) thus maximizing learning. Online learning has been said to facilitate rather than hinder language learning. This study is therefore done to explore how it helps the learning of Mandarin. The study investigates how online interaction affects the learning of Mandarin in language classrooms. 173 participants responded to a 28 items (5 likert scale) instrument. Findings reveal how online learning influences interaction, encourages participation of more knowledgeable others, and improves interaction with content among learners.

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Transaksi E-Commerce dalam Perspektif Islam

El-Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business ◽

10.21154/elbarka.v2i1.1662 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annisa Dwi Kurniawati

Keyword(s):

Credit Card ◽

Payment System ◽

The Internet ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Status ◽

Almost All

Abstract: The development of technology flows is increasing. The internet, which was initially used by several groups as a medium for the transformation of scientific and academic data, has now been used in almost all aspects of people's lives, including e-commerce transactions. E-commerce transactions are transactions carried out without meetings between parties. By using e-commerce, many reservations are obtained from the seller or buyer. The convenience offered doesn't mean it doesn’t rise the problems. For Muslims, understanding the status of e-commerce transactions is important. E-commerce accepts payments with bai’s-salam, which is about non-related transactions and the suspension of goods for payments that have been hastened. It's just that if on Bai 's-Salam a face-to-face meeting is held for the implementation of sighat, it is different with e-commerce that communicate only through chat. E-commerce is permitted in Islam with a note that there is no riba ',gharar, maisir, etc. Therefore, if it is approved by the payment system on e-commerce, it is asked not to use a credit card to avoid riba’.الملخص: يشهد تطوير تدفقات التكنولوجيا زيادة هائلة. يستخدم الإنترنت في جميع جوانب حياة الناس تقريبًا ، بما في ذلك معاملات التجارة الإلكترونية، معاملات التجارة الإلكترونية هي معاملات تتم بدون اجتماع بين الطرفين .باستخدام التجارة الإلكترونية، الكثير من السهولة حصلت من البائع أو المشتري. يتم تقديم التسهيلات المقدمة. التسهيلات المقدمة لايمكن تسبب مشاك. معلومات المسلمين عن حالة المعاملة التجارة الإلكترونية شيء مهمة. التجارة الإلكترونية مثل بيع السلام هي عن العناصر فى المعاملات وتأخير القبض دفعت مقدما. إذا كان بيع السلام يتم عقد اجتماع وجها لوجه في تنفيذ سيغات تختلف عن التجارة الإلكترونية استخدام التواصل مع الدردشة. التجارة الإلكترونية مباحات في الإسلام مع ملاحظة عدم وجود عناصر الربا والغرار والميسر وغيرها لذلك ، إذا كانت مرتبطة بنظام دفع في التجارة الإلكترونية المستحسن عدم استخدام بطاقة الائتمان لتجنب الربا.. Abstrak: Perkembangan arus teknologi mengalami peningkatan yang masif. Internet yang pada awalnya digunakan oleh beberapa kalangan sebagai media transformasi data ilmiah dan akademik, kini telah digunakan di hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk transaksi jual beli (e-commerce). Transaksi e-commerce merupakan transaksi yang dilakukan tanpa adanya pertemuan antar para pihak. Dengan menggunakan e-commerce, banyak kemudahan yang diperoleh baik dari pihak penjual maupun pembeli. Kemudahan yang ditawarkan bukan berarti tidak menimbulkan masalah. Bagi kaum muslim, mengetahui status dari transaksi e-commerce merupakan hal yang penting. E-commerce memiliki kesamaan dengan bai’ as-salam yaitu mengenai unsur-unsur terjadinya transaksi serta adanya penangguhan barang untuk pembayaran yang telah disegerakan. Hanya saja, jika pada bai’ as-salam dilakukan pertemuan face to face untuk pelaksanaan sighat, berbeda halnya dengan e-commerce yang melakukan komunikasi via chatting. E-commerce diperbolehkan dalam Islam dengan catatan tidak adanya unsur riba’, gharar, maisir, dsb. Oleh karena itu, jika dihubungkan dengan sistem pembayaran pada e-commerce, maka dianjurkan tidak menggunakan kartu kredit guna menghindari terjadinya riba’.

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Students’ Perspective on Remote On-Line Teaching and Learning at the University of Latvia in the First and Second COVID-19 Period

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132111890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 11890

Author(s):

Sanita Baranova ◽

Dita Nīmante ◽

Daiga Kalniņa ◽

Alise Oļesika

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

Face To Face ◽

Short Period ◽

Digital Skills ◽

On Line ◽

Study Process ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Almost All ◽

The University ◽

Remote Learning

In Spring 2020, due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, all educational institutions in Latvia, including the University of Latvia (UL), transitioned from face-to-face on-site learning to remote learning. After a short period of face-to-face on-site learning in autumn, UL returned to remote learning in November for the second time. This paper investigates the UL students’ perspectives on remote teaching and learning at the UL during the first and second COVID-19 periods. The research assesses several remote study organization aspects, including the lecturer’s and student’s digital skills, their access to information and support during the study process, planning and implementation of the study process, and students’ acquisition of the content. The study used an original questionnaire designed in the Spring 2020 semester. Seven questions from the first questionnaire were included in another follow-up questionnaire distributed in the Spring 2021 semester. A total of 2248 UL students from the Spring 2020 semester and 742 students from the Spring 2021 semester participated in the study, representing 13 faculties across all study levels. The survey responses were collected via a QuestionPro survey platform and then downloaded into an IBM SPSS 28 file for a reliability check. Next, descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for each reported survey item using Microsoft Excel 2016. The research presented here implies that, in general, students perceive positive improvements in almost all the investigated aspects of the organization of the remote study process when comparing the first and second COVID-19 periods, which could indicate a certain level of resilience in students and university lecturers when subject to COVID circumstances. However, the results reveal that students have, in one year, developed a more realistic approach in assessing their digital skills. The results lead us to believe that remote on-line learning is not just a short-term solution but could become a valuable element for providing qualitative education in the long term. It could indicate that the students and lecturers at university are ready for new and sustainable higher education study organization solutions in the future.

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For the Ultimate Accessibility and Reusability

Handbook of Research on Learning Design and Learning Objects ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-861-1.ch029 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 589-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philippe Martin ◽

Michel Eboueya

Keyword(s):

Semantic Networks ◽

Knowledge Bases ◽

Learning Objects ◽

Semantic Learning ◽

Face To Face ◽

Peer Network ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Almost All ◽

Peer To Peer Network ◽

Research Domain

This chapter first argues that current approaches for sharing and retrieving learning objects or any other kinds of information are not efficient or scalable, essentially because almost all of these approaches are based on the manual or automatic indexation or merge of independently created formal or informal resources. It then shows that tightly interconnected collaboratively updated formal or semiformal large knowledge bases (semantic networks) can, should, and probably will, be used as a shared medium for the tasks of researching, publishing, teaching, learning, evaluating, or collaborating, and thus ease or complement traditional methods such as face-to-face teaching and document publishing. To test and support these claims, the authors have implemented their ideas into a knowledge server named WebKB- 2 and begun representing their research domain and several courses at their universities. The same underlying techniques could be applied to a semantic/learning grid or peer-to-peer network.

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Perception of Nature’s Contributions to People in Rural Communities in the Eastern Amazon

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187665 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7665

Author(s):

Rafael Melo de Brito ◽

Valente José Matlaba ◽

Vera Lúcia Imperatriz-Fonseca ◽

Tereza Cristina Giannini

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Low Income ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Well Being ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Face To Face ◽

Almost All ◽

First Time

Nature’s contributions to people (NCP) are increasingly being considered in decisions by policy-makers because of their relevance to the well-being of people. Learning the value of nature from the perception of communities can help to define priorities and to guide the development of public policies for environmental conservation. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of the importance, benefits, and problems of NCP among residents of five rural communities, and their opinion about the protected areas of the municipality, considering their socioeconomic characteristics. The method consisted of conducting questionnaire-based, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a sample of 214 randomly selected households in five rural communities of Parauapebas (Pará, Eastern Amazon). We used appropriate statistical tests for data analysis. The main results show that the communities were highly homogeneous and that 52% of the households had low income (below a minimum wage of USD 250). A high proportion of respondents gave the highest importance to all categories of NCP (2/3 of respondents for material, 3/4 for non-material, and 4/5 for regulating NCP). The most commonly mentioned benefits of NCP referred to subsistence or livelihood and quality of life (40% of total mentions). Environmental degradation problems were the most cited (38% of total mentions). Almost all respondents stated that they had a positive opinion about the protected areas of the municipality, despite underusing them. This study is relevant because it analyses, for the first time, the perceptions of NCP among residents of rural communities in the Eastern Amazon, an essential aspect for decision-and public policy-making.

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STARZ-DRP AS A TRIAGING TOOL FOR COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: PERSPECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS OF STAKEHOLDERS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.20876 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nazri Nordin ◽

Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽

Azmi Sarriff

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacy ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Medical Practitioner ◽

Face To Face ◽

Triage Decision ◽

The Face ◽

Almost All ◽

Ideal Framework ◽

Systematic Framework

Objective: To investigate perspectives and expectations of stakeholders of community pharmacists’ (CPs) roles and the use of STARZ-DRP as a structured and systematic framework to help CPs to extend their role to make an accurate triage decision in community pharmacy settings.Methods: Individuals who were in high positions in the Ministry of Health (MOH), pharmacy, medical and consumer associations and individuals who were a private medical practitioner and retail pharmacist were invited via mail to participate in the face to face interview. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim to identify themes as many as possible.Results: Eight stakeholders had responded to the invitation. Mean (± standard deviation) age (years) of stakeholders was 56.50 ± 11.82. Five themes were noted which were: (i) CPs are focusing more on business-oriented, (ii) CPs should perform patient-oriented services, (iii) responsibilities to triage customers, (iv) a systematic approach for triaging activities, (v) STARZ-DRP as a systematic approach to making triage decision.Conclusion: CPs are paying particular attention on business-oriented than patient-oriented services. All stakeholders point out that CPs should intensify their current practice and all of them have the same opinion that CPs should take the responsibilities to make an accurate triage decision for self-care customers. Almost all stakeholders agree that STARZ-DRP is an ideal framework to help CPs to make an accurate triage decision in community pharmacy settings.

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Thermomechanical Transient Analysis and Conceptual Optimization of a First Stage Bucket

Journal of Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/1.4001367 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alfonso Campos-Amezcua ◽

Zdzislaw Mazur-Czerwiec ◽

Armando Gallegos-Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Transient Analysis ◽

Computational Models ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Thermomechanical Analysis ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Simulation Techniques ◽

Calculated Stress ◽

Three Dimensional Models ◽

Almost All

This paper presents a thermomechanical analysis of a first stage bucket during a gas turbine startup. This analysis uses two simulation techniques, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the conjugate heat transfer and flow analysis, and finite element analysis (FEA) for the thermostructural analysis. Computational three-dimensional models were developed using two commercial codes, including all elements of the real bucket to avoid geometric simplifications. An interface was developed to transfer the three-dimensional behavior of bucket temperatures during turbine startup from CFD analysis to subsequent FEA analysis, imposing them as a thermal load. This interface virtually integrates the computational models, although they have different grids. The results of this analysis include temperature evolution and related stresses, as well as the thermomechanical stresses and zones where they are present. These stresses are dominated by thermal mechanisms, so a new temperature startup curve is proposed where the maximum calculated stress decline around 100 MPa, and almost all stresses are lower throughout the transient analysis. The results are compared with experimental data reported in the literature obtaining acceptable approximation.

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Scale-Independent Aggression: A Fractal Analysis of Four Levels of Human Aggression

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2020/2047157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Julia J. C. Blau ◽

Alexandra Paxton

Keyword(s):

Fractal Structure ◽

Body Movement ◽

The United States ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Face To Face ◽

Mixed Support ◽

Fractal Analyses ◽

Independence Hypothesis ◽

Behavioral Domain ◽

Four Levels

Using fractal analyses to study events allows us to capture the scale-independence of those events, that is, no matter at which level we study a phenomenon, we should get roughly the same results because events exhibit similar structure across scales. This is demonstrably true in mathematical fractals but is less assured in behavioral fractals. The current research directly tests the scale-independence hypothesis in the behavioral domain by exploring the fractal structure of aggression, a social phenomenon comprising events that span temporal scales from minutes of face-to-face arguments to centuries of international armed conflicts. Using publicly available data, we examined the temporal fractal structure of four scales of aggression: wars (very macrolevel, worldwide data), riots (macrolevel, worldwide data), violent crimes (microlevel, data gathered from cities and towns in the United States of America), and body movement during arguments (very microlevel, data gathered on American participants). Our results lend mixed support to the scale-independence hypothesis and provide insight into the self-organization of human interactions.

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Online Video Instruction on Hand Expression of Colostrum in Pregnancy is an Effective Educational Tool

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040883 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 883 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Therese A. O’Sullivan ◽

Joy Cooke ◽

Chris McCafferty ◽

Roslyn Giglia

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Large Scale ◽

Instructional Video ◽

Online Video ◽

Educational Tool ◽

Video Instruction ◽

Face To Face ◽

Almost All ◽

In Pregnancy

The use of antenatal colostrum expression in the weeks prior to birth may help improve long-term breastfeeding, but few large-scale studies exist. Typically, antenatal colostrum expression instruction relies on face-to-face education, making large interventions costly. We aimed to determine whether an expert online instructional video can improve knowledge and confidence around antenatal colostrum expressing. Pregnant women were asked to complete a questionnaire pre- and post-watching the instructional video online. Ninety five pregnant women completed both pre- and post-questionnaires. Total antenatal colostrum expression knowledge scores improved after watching the video, from a mean of 3.05 ± 1.70 correct out of a maximum of 7, to 6.32 ± 0.76 (p < 0.001). Self-reported confidence around hand expressing in pregnancy also improved from an average ranking of not confident (2.56 ± 1.17, out of a possible 5) to confident (4.32 ± 0.80, p < 0.001). Almost all women (98%) reported that they would recommend the video to a friend or family member if antenatal colostrum expression was suggested by their healthcare provider. Findings suggest that the use of an online expert video is an acceptable and effective way to educate pregnant women in antenatal colostrum expression.

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