The distribution and genetic structure of Escherichia coli in Australian vertebrates: host and geographic effects

Microbiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 3575-3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gordon ◽  
Ann Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Group A ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
The Tropics

Escherichia coli was isolated from more than 2300 non-domesticated vertebrate hosts living in Australia. E. coli was most prevalent in mammals, less prevalent in birds and uncommon in fish, frogs and reptiles. Mammals were unlikely to harbour E. coli if they lived in regions with a desert climate and less likely to have E. coli if they lived in the tropics than if they lived in semi-arid or temperate regions. In mammals, the likelihood of isolating E. coli from an individual depended on the diet of the host and E. coli was less prevalent in carnivores than in herbivores or omnivores. In both birds and mammals, the probability of isolating E. coli increased with the body mass of the host. Hosts living in close proximity to human habitation were more likely to harbour E. coli than hosts living away from people. The relative abundance of E. coli groups A, B1, B2 and D strains in mammals depended on climate, host diet and body mass. Group A strains were uncommon, but were isolated from both ectothermic and endothermic vertebrates. Group B1 strains could also be isolated from any vertebrate group, but were predominant in ectothermic vertebrates, birds and carnivorous mammals. Group B2 strains were unlikely to be isolated from ectotherms and were most abundant in omnivorous and herbivorous mammals. Group D strains were rare in ectotherms and uncommon in endotherms, but were equally abundant in birds and mammals. The results of this study suggest that, at the species level, the ecological niche of E. coli is mammals with hindgut modifications to enable microbial fermentation, or in the absence of a modified hindgut, E. coli can only establish a population in ‘large-bodied’ hosts. The non-random distribution of E. coli genotypes among the different host groups indicates that strains of the four E. coli groups may differ in their ecological niches and life-history characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antipyretic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Corchorus depressus Linn. in Escherichia coli–induced pyretic rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879295
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Sabira Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the antipyretic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Corchorus depressus Linn. against Escherichia coli ( E. coli)-induced pyrexia in rabbits. Hydroalcohalic extracts of C. depressus were given orally at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for antipyretic affect in E. coli-induced fever in rabbits. The animals were divided into five groups of five each. Among these five groups, three received various doses of experimental treatments, whereas the fourth one served as positive control and received paracetamol. The fifth group of animals served as negative control and received no treatment. The body temperature of the rabbits was measured rectally over a period of 5 h. C. depressus exhibited better effects at dose rate of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. depressus has significant antipyretic effect. These results lend support to the popular use of C. depressus in traditional medicine as a remedy for pyrexia and suggest that the characterization of the principles for such activity deserves further investigation.

Growth of Selected Cross-Contaminating Bacterial Pathogens on Beef and Fish at 15 and 35°C+

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJIBOLA O. FAPOHUNDA ◽  
KENNETH W. MCMILLIN ◽  
DOUGLAS L. MARSHALL ◽  
W. M. WAITES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
The Tropics

Isolates of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens from beef and Aeromonas hydrophila from fish were examined for their ability to survive and grow as cross-contaminates on nonnative tissues at simulated ambient (35°C) and aging/conditioning (15°C) temperatures of handling and retailing found in the tropics. Growth of all isolates over a 10-h period was greater (P < 0.05) on their native tissues at both temperatures. The aging/conditioning temperature effectively limited growth of E. coli and A. hydrophila to less than l-logl0 CFU/g and prevented growth of C. perfringens on beef and fish samples. All three isolates demonstrated characteristic mesophilic growth response on both tissues at 35°C during the 10-h retail period. The study suggests that two muscle food products could be jointly handled to efficiently use available storage/haulage capacity in tropical countries. Potential savings in space, labor and energy would be made if cross-contamination between the two products is minimized by available packaging and sanitizing technologies.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HEMAGGLUTINATION AND HEMOLYSIS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI ANTISERA

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Neter ◽  
Lee F. Bertram ◽  
Dorothy A. Zak ◽  
Miriam R. Murdock ◽  
Carl E. Arbesman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Homologous Blood ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Group A

A study on hemagglutination and hemolysis by Escherichia coli O111 and O55 (rabbit) antisera and on hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition by E. coli O111 and O55 antigens revealed the following facts. 1. Red blood cells of man, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, rat, and chicken adsorb E. coli O111 and O55 antigens and thus become specifically agglutinable by the homologous E. coli antisera. 2. The adsorption of these E. coli antigens is a function of the concentration of the antigen, the time (from 5 minutes to 2 hours) of treatment of the red blood cells with the antigen, and the concentration of the red blood cells used. 3. Red blood cells of man and sheep adsorb simultaneously both antigens, as indicated by the fact that both antisera give agglutination of all red blood cells. Complete agglutination does not occur when a mixture of red blood cells treated separately with the two antigens is added to one or the other of the two antisera. 4. Treatment of red blood cells of man with one of the antigens does not block the adsorption of the second antigen. Human cells treated with either or both antigens are still agglutinated by the homologous blood group (A, B, and Rh)-specific antibodies. 5. In the presence of guinea pig complement, E. coli O111 and O55 antisera produce hemolysis of modified human red blood cells in titers of the same order of magnitude as those giving hemagglutination and bacterial agglutination. The same antisera produce hemolysis of sheep cells treated with the identical antigens in titers exceeding by far those giving agglutination of modified human or sheep red blood cells. 6. Both sediment and supernate of a boiled E. coli suspension are capable of modifying red blood cells for E. coli hemagglutination; in contrast, the supernate obtained from an unboiled suspension and then heated does not modify red blood cells for hemagglutination, although it contains the antigen which can specifically adsorb E. coli antibodies, as shown by means of the hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition tests. 7. Both the unheated and the boiled suspensions of E. coli O111 and O55 inhibit hemagglutination and hemolysis specifically. 8. Rabbit red blood cells modified by either E. coli O111 or 055 antigens, upon intravenous injection into rabbits, engender specific E. coli antibodies. The significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Despite Predominance of Uropathogenic/Extraintestinal Pathotypes Among Travel-acquired Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase–producing Escherichia coli, the Most Commonly Associated Clinical Manifestation Is Travelers’ Diarrhea

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kantele ◽  
Tinja Lääveri ◽  
Sointu Mero ◽  
Inka M K Häkkinen ◽  
Juha Kirveskari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractBackgroundOne-third of the 100 million travelers to the tropics annually acquire extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), with undefined clinical consequences.MethodsSymptoms suggesting Enterobacteriaceae infections were recorded prospectively among 430 Finnish travelers, 90 (21%) of whom acquired ESBL-PE abroad. ESBL-PE isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction–based detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes (enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], enterotoxigenic E. coli [ETEC], enteroinvasive E. coli, and Shiga toxin–producing E. coli), and extraintestinal pathogenic/uropathogenic E. coli (ExPEC/UPEC). Laboratory-confirmed ESBL-PE infections were surveyed 5 years before and after travel.ResultsAmong the 90 ESBL-PE carriers, manifestations of Enterobacteriaceae infection included travelers’ diarrhea (TD) (75/90 subjects) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (3/90). The carriers had 96 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 51% exhibiting a molecular pathotype: 13 (14%) were DEC (10 EAEC, 2 EPEC, 1 ETEC) (12 associated with TD) and 39 (41%) ExPEC/UPEC (none associated with UTI). Of ESBL-PE, 3 (3%) were ExPEC/UPEC-EAEC hybrids (2 associated with diarrhea, none with UTI). Potential ESBL-PE infections were detected in 15 of 90 subjects (17%). The 10-year medical record survey identified 4 laboratory-confirmed ESBL-PE infections among the 430 travelers, all in subjects who screened ESBL-PE negative after returning home from their index journeys but had traveled abroad before their infection episodes.ConclusionsHalf of all travel-acquired ESBL-producing E. coli strains qualified molecularly as pathogens. Extraintestinal and uropathogenic pathotypes outnumbered enteric pathotypes (41% vs 14%), yet the latter correlated more closely with symptomatic infection (0% vs 92%). Despite more ESBL-PE strains qualifying as ExPEC/UPEC than DEC, travel-acquired ESBL-PE are more often associated with TD than UTI.

scholarly journals Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
I. Lanza ◽  
P. Cármenes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhoea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

SummaryFaeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1–45 days were examined for enteric pathogens.Cryptosporidium parvumwas detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45%) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. F5+(K99+) and/or F41+Escherichia colistrains were isolated from 26% and 22% of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins ST I or LT I, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoeic animals. A F5−F41−ST I+E. colistrain was isolated from a diarrhoeic lamb (0·6%). VerotoxigenicE. coliwas isolated from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs (4·1% and 8·2%, respectively) and there was no association between infection and diarrhoea. The prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in diarrhoeic lambs was very low (2·1%). Groups A and B rotaviruses were detected in three (8·1%) and five (13·5%) diarrhoeic goat kids from two single outbreaks. Group C rotaviruses were detected in four non-diarrhoeic goat kids. An association of diarrhoea and infection was demonstrated only for group B rotavirus.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from 10·8% of the diarrhoeic goat kids but not from non-diarrhoeic goat kids or lambs.Salmonella arizonaewas isolated from a diarrhoeic goat kid (2·7%) and the clinical characteristics of the outbreaks where these two latter enteropathogens were found different from the rest. Picobirnaviruses were detected in a diarrhoeic lamb. No coronaviruses were detected using a bovine coronavirus ELISA. No evidence was found of synergistic effect between the agents studied. Enteric pathogens were not found in four (8·7%) and three (20%) outbreaks of diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids, respectively.

scholarly journals Can Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria Be Distinguished by Sensory Protein Abundance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrajit Bhar ◽  
Tungadri Bose ◽  
Sharmila S. Mande
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Signal transduction systems are essential for microorganisms to respond to their ever-changing environment. They can be distinguished into one-component systems, two-component systems, and extracytoplasmic-function σ factors. Abundances of a few signal-transducing proteins, termed herein as sensory proteins (SPs), have previously been reported to be correlated with the genome size and ecological niche of certain Gram-positive bacteria. No such reports are available for Gram-negative bacteria. The current study attempts to investigate the relationship of the abundances of SPs to genome size in Escherichia coli, and the bacterial pathotypes or phylotypes. While the relationship between SP abundance and genome size could not be established, the sensory protein index (SPI), a new metric defined herein, was found to be correlated with E. coli virulence. In addition, significant association was observed among the distribution of SPs and E. coli pathotypes. Results indicate that such associations might be due to genomic rearrangements to best utilize the resources available in a given ecological niche. Overall, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the occurrence of different SPs among pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli strains. Possibilities of using the SPI as a marker for identifying pathogenic strains from among an organism complex are also discussed. IMPORTANCE Sensory proteins (SPs) act as sensors and actuators for a cell and participate in important mechanisms pertaining to bacterial survival, adaptation, and virulence. Therefore, bacterial species residing in similar ecological niches or those sharing common pathotypes are expected to exhibit similar SP signatures. We have investigated profiles of SPs in different species of Escherichia coli and present in this article the sensory protein index (SPI), a metric for quantifying the abundance and/or distribution of SPs across bacterial genomes, which could indicate the virulence potency of a bacterium. The SPI could find use in characterizing uncultured strains and bacterial complexes, as a biomarker for disease diagnostics, evaluating the effect of therapeutic interventions, assessing effects of ecological alterations, etc. Grouping the studied strains of E. coli on the basis of the frequency of occurrence of SPs in their genomes could potentially replicate the stratification of these strains on the basis of their phylotypes. In addition, E. coli strains belonging to the same pathotypes were also seen to share similar SP signatures. Furthermore, the SPI was seen to be an indicator of pathogenic potency of E. coli strains. The SPI metric is expected to be useful in the (pathogenic) characterization of hereto uncultured strains which are routinely sequenced in host microbiome analysis projects, or from among an ensemble of microbial organisms constituting a biospecimen. Thus, the possibilities of using the SPI as a biomarker for diagnosis of a disease or the outcome of a therapeutic intervention cannot be ruled out. Further, SPIs obtained from longitudinal ecological samples have the potential to serve as key indicators of environmental changes. Such changes in the environment are often detrimental to the resident biome and methods for timely detection of environmental changes hold huge socioeconomic benefits.

scholarly journals Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Wild Birds and Rodents in Close Proximity to Farms

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6944-6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M�ller Nielsen ◽  
Marianne N. Skov ◽  
Jesper J. Madsen ◽  
Jens Lodal ◽  
J�rgen Br�chner Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Close Proximity

ABSTRACT Wild animals living close to cattle and pig farms (four each) were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC; also known as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). The prevalence of VTEC among the 260 samples from wild animals was generally low. However, VTEC isolates from a starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and a Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) were identical to cattle isolates from the corresponding farms with respect to serotype, virulence profile, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type. This study shows that wild birds and rodents may become infected from farm animals or vice versa, suggesting a possible role in VTEC transmission.

scholarly journals DiarrheagenicEscherichia coliPhylogroups Are Associated with Antibiotic Resistance and Duration of Diarrheal Episode

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mosquito ◽  
Maria J. Pons ◽  
Maribel Riveros ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Theresa J. Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Episode ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D

Conventionally, inEscherichia coli, phylogenetic groups A and B1 are associated with commensal strains while B2 and D are associated with extraintestinal strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate diarrheagenic (DEC) and commensalE. coliphylogeny and its association with antibiotic resistance and clinical characteristics of the diarrheal episode. Phylogenetic groups and antibiotic resistance of 369E. colistrains (commensal strains and DEC from children with or without diarrhea) isolated from Peruvian children <1 year of age were determined by a Clermont triplex PCR and Kirby-Bauer method, respectively. The distribution of the 369E. colistrains among the 4 phylogenetic groups was A (40%), D (31%), B1 (21%), and B2 (8%). DEC-control strains were more associated with group A while DEC-diarrhea strains were more associated with group D(P<0.05). There was a tendency(P=0.06)for higher proportion of persistent diarrhea (≥14 days) among severe groups (B2 and D) in comparison with nonsevere groups (A and B1). Strains belonging to group D presented significantly higher percentages of multidrug resistance than the rest of the groups(P>0.01). In summary, DEC-diarrhea strains were more associated with group D than strains from healthy controls.

scholarly journals Genomic and phenotypic evolution of Escherichia coli in a novel citrate-only resource environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Blount ◽  
Rohan Maddamsetti ◽  
Nkrumah A. Grant ◽  
Sumaya T. Ahmed ◽  
Tanush Jagdish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Aerobic Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Control Set ◽  
Resource Environment

ABSTRACTEvolutionary innovations allow populations to colonize new, previously inaccessible ecological niches. We previously reported that aerobic growth on citrate (Cit+) evolved in a population of Escherichia coli during adaptation to a minimal glucose medium containing citrate (DM25). Cit+ can grow in citrate-only medium (DM0), which is a novel environment for E. coli. To study adaptation to this new niche, we evolved one set of Cit+ populations for 2,500 generations in DM0 and a control set in DM25. We identified numerous parallel mutations, many mediated by transposable elements. Several lineages evolved multi-copy amplifications containing the maeA gene, constituting up to ∼15% of the genome. We also found substantial cell death in ancestral and evolved clones. Our results demonstrate the importance of copy-number variation and transposable elements in the refinement of the Cit+ trait. However, the observed mortality suggests a persistent evolutionary mismatch between E. coli physiology and a citrate-only environment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND COGNITION IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES- A CORRELATIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Anjali Belwal ◽  
◽  
Reena Kumari ◽  
Deepak Nainwal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Adolescent is characterised by rapid physical growth and sexual development, accompanied by changes in the percentage of body fat. Obesity and underweight are one of the most prominent problems of the modern society which consists of a wide range of short-term and long-term complications. The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is directly related to the vascular, metabolic condition and risk factor to cognitive decline or dementia. Under-weight is also often associated with acute and chronic medical complications like Anorexia nervosa, low bone density and mass with impaired immune system and increased mortality rate. Therefore purpose of this study is to identify early signs of impaired BMI as a cause of cognitive impairment and prevent the child obesity and underweight to overcome the future health risk factors. The aim of this study is to find a correlation between BMI and MMSE score in Indian adolescent females. Methodology: 31 female subjects with mean age 16±3 years were selected according to random sampling in this study. The Quetlets formula was used to measure body mass index. Group division for Underweight, Normal and Over-weight was done for the BMI score then Score of MMSE, a measure of cognition was taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. The Karl Pearsons Coefficient correlation was calculated to see correlation between BMI and MMSE cognitive function. P < 0.05 was considered of statistical significance. Result: The study found correlative change in variables as observed in group A MMSE mean 25.84±3.83 and BMI mean 16.10±1.08 with P<0.05 i.e which was found statically significant. In group B MMSE mean 26.22±1.30 and BMI mean 20.60±1.80 with P>0.05 i.e which was found statically non significnat. In group C MMSE mean 23.00±3.46 and BMI mean 26.06±1.15 with P<0.05 i.e which was found statically significant. And in total number of subject MMSE mean 25.68±3.3 and BMI mean 18.37±3.51with P>0.05. it was found that there was a significant correlation between the body mass index and cognition in group A and group C but there was no significant correlation between body mass index and cognition in group B and total number of subjects(31). Conclusion: The study conclude to state that there exist a significance correlation and of body mass index on cognition.

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