scholarly journals Use of Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) as a new method to detect prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bartoletti ◽  
Alberto Greco ◽  
Tommaso Di Vico ◽  
Jacopo Durante ◽  
Vincenzo Ficarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Discrimination Accuracy ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Detect Prostate Cancer ◽  
Total Psa

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the accuracy of a novel BIA test endorectal probe.MethodsOne hundred-forty consecutive patient candidates to prostate biopsy and 40 healthy volunteers were selected (NCT03428087). Total PSA and PSA density (PSAD) determinations, digital rectal examination (DRE), and the BIA test were analysed in patients and controls. A 16 cores trans rectal prostate biopsy was performed on all patients with clinical suspicion of PCa after a multiparametric MRI (mMRI) test. The study endpoints were to determine accuracy of BIA test in comparison to PSA, PSAD levels, and mMRI and obtain PCa prediction in candidates to prostate biopsy by BIA test. The Mann-Withney U test, the Wilkoxon rank test, and Holm-Bonferroni’s method were adopted for statistical analyses, and a computational approach was also applied to differentiate patients with PCa from those with benign disease (BPH).ResultsCombined DRE, TRUS, PSA, and PSAD alone failed to satisfactorily discern patients with PCa from those with BPH (62.86% of discrimination accuracy) and mMRI PIRADS ≥3 showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 59%. The accuracy in discerning PCa and BPH increased up to 75% by BIA test (sensitivity 63.33% and specificity 83.75%).ConclusionsThe BIA test is a simple, promising, cheap, and reliable test for PCa non-invasive diagnosis. The novel finger probe may improve PCa detection also in patients with low-risk PCa, thus reducing the need of useless biopsies.

scholarly journals Bioelectric Impedance Analysis Test Improves the Detection of Prostate Cancer in Biopsy Candidates: A Multifeature Decision Support System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bartoletti ◽  
Alberto Greco ◽  
Tommaso Di Vico ◽  
Jacopo Durante ◽  
Vincenzo Ficarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance

Prostate cancer (PCa) gold-standard diagnosis relies on prostate biopsy, which is currently overly recommended since other available noninvasive tools such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) multiparametric MRI (mMRI) showed low diagnostic accuracy or high costs, respectively. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of a novel Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) test endorectal probe for the selection of patients candidate to prostate biopsy and in particular the clinical value of three different parameters such as resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PA) degree. One-hundred twenty-three consecutive candidates to prostate biopsy and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled. PSA and PSA density (PSAD) determinations, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), and the novel BIA test were analyzed in patients and controls. A 16-core prostate biopsy was performed after a mMRI test. The study endpoints were to determine accuracy of BIA test in comparison with PSA, PSAD levels, and mMRI and obtain prostate cancer (PCa) prediction by BIA test. The Mann-Whitney U-test, the Wilkoxon rank test, and the Holm-Bonferroni’s method were adopted for statistical analyses, and a computational approach was also applied to differentiate patients with PCa from those with benign disease. Combined PSA, PSAD, DRE, and trans-rectal ultrasound test failed to discern patients with PCa from those with benign disease (62.86% accuracy). mMRI PIRADS ≥3 showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 59%. The accuracy in discerning PCa increased up to 75% by BIA test (sensitivity 63.33% and specificity 83.75%). The novel finger probe BIA test is a cheap and reliable test that may help to improve clinical multifeature noninvasive diagnosis for PCa and reduce unnecessary biopsies.

The Association of PSA-IGM and Total PSA Improves the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
Danilo Zani ◽  
Silvia Costa ◽  
Lorenzo Gatti ◽  
Nicola Pesenti ◽  
Alberto Pettenò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psa Test ◽  
Total Psa

Background and aim The specific causes of prostate cancer (Pca) are unknown but the main risk factors of tumor development are associated with age, genetic factors, ethnicity, diet and lifestyle. Prostate cancer is rare in men under 45 years of age, but becomes more common with advancing age. The main diagnostic tools for demonstrating the presence of PCa include digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography, and serum measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) followed by prostate biopsy for confirmation of the diagnosis. While the measurement of PSA levels has revolutionized the diagnosis of PCa, it has also increased its overdiagnosis due to the poor diagnostic accuracy. Scientific evidence indicates that biomarkers for different types of cancer such as liver and colorectal cancer circulate in the blood associated with immunoglobulin M (IgM) to form complexes that allow a better diagnosis in comparison to circulating free biomarkers. In prostate cancer it has been demonstrated that testing for serum levels of the PSA-IgM immune complex improves the diagnostic performance of total PSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PSA-IgM compared to total PSA for the selection of patients to be submitted to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Patients and methods Serum samples from 67 male patients, 33 affected by PCa with a Gleason score from 5 to 7, and 34 affected by benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH), were collected by the Department of Urology of the Spedali Civili of Brescia. The samples were immediately snap frozen at −80°C. Serum levels of PSA-IgM were assessed using Prostate-IC (Xeptagen, Italy) while PSA levels were determined with the Immulite 2000 of Medical Systems S.p.A. Results Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to age; the first group consisted of 24 patients with PCa and 20 with BPH aged between 60 and 70 years and the second group consisted of 9 patients with PCa and 14 with BPH aged between 70 and 80 years. Serum levels of PSA and PSA-IgM were analyzed in the 2 groups using cutoff values of 4 ng/mL for PSA and 145 AU/mL for PSA-IgM. In the first group, 1 8 of 24 PCa patients were positive for PSA (75% sensitivity) with a specificity of 50% (10 of 20 BPH patients), and 1 0 of 24 PCa patients were positive with the PSA-IgM assay (42% sensitivity), which had a higher specificity (70%; 6 of 20 BPH patients). The combination of both biomarkers resulted in a sensitivity of 38% (9 of 24 patients with PCa) but showed a significant improvement in specificity up to 90%, since 18 of 20 patients with BPH were negative for at least one test. In the second group of patients aged 70 to 80 years, the PSA test had a sensitivity of 67% (6/9 PCa patients) and a specificity of 78% (3/14 BPH patients) compared with a sensitivity of 44% for the PSA-IgM test (4/9 PCa patients) with a specificity of 71% (4/14 BPH patients). The combination of PSA and PSA-IgM had a sensitivity of 30% (3/9) but the highest specificity (93%, 13/14 BPH patients). Conclusion The results of the study demonstrate the diagnostic value of the PSA-IgM assay compared with the total PSA test. The combination of PSA-IgM with total PSA was the best approach to reduce the number of false-positive results, thus improving the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Utility of PCA3 urine assay in Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
K. Okihara ◽  
A. Ochiai ◽  
K. Kamoi ◽  
T. Miki
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine Assay ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

50 Background: Studies have shown the high specificity of PCA3 urine assay for biopsy detection of prostate cancer in European and American. We determined the diagnostic performance of PCA3 urine test in predicting prostate cancer in Japanese men. Methods: The study group included 261 men who underwent extended prostate biopsy at our institutions. 79 men of them had repeated biopsy. In all cases, race was Asian. Urine specimens were collected after digital rectal examination. On PROGENSA PCA3 assay, PCA3 score was calculated using PCA3 mRNA copy divided by PSA mRNA copy. PCA3 score was correlated with biopsy outcome and compared with serum PSA and free-total PSA. Results: 257 urine samples collected were successfully analyzed (i.e., the informative specimen rate was 98%). Biopsy revealed prostate cancer in 104 men (40%). There was no significant relationship between serum PSA and PCA3 score. PCA3 score in prostate cancer was significantly higher than that in negative (median 54.5 vs 17.0, p<0.001). The probability of positive biopsy increased as PCA3 score increased. Using a PCA3 cutoff value of 35.0, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 65%, 75% and 71%, respectively (p<0.01). Area under the curve (AUC) for PCA3 score was 0.757 and AUC for serum PSA was 0.599 in all men. There was a significant difference in AUC between PCA3 score and serum PSA (p<0.001). In men with serum PSA 4 to 10ng/ml, AUCs of PCA3 score, free-total PSA, and serum PSA were 0.759, 0.681, and 0.542, respectively. Conclusions: The specificity of PCA3 urine assay was high for detection of prostate cancer in Japanese men. PCA3 urine assay could improve the prediction for prostate cancer and help better decision making for prostate biopsy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Osteopontin Plasma Level Does Not Detect Prostate Cancer in Patients Referred for Diagnostic Prostate Biopsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Puzone ◽  
Laura Paleari ◽  
Franco Montefiore ◽  
Luca Ruggiero ◽  
Matteo Puntoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Detect Prostate Cancer ◽  
Plasma Marker

Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cause of tumor-related deaths in men in Western countries. The selection and evaluation of new markers might help to overcome the limits of the most widely used diagnostic tool, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, often combined with digital rectal examination (DRE). Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin-binding glycoprotein that has recently been shown to be related to tumor development, progression and metastasis in both experimental and clinical studies. The present study compares plasma OPN levels and tumor presence and grade in a group of PSA/DRE-positive patients referred for diagnostic prostate biopsy. Methods Plasma OPN levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood samples of 194 PSA/DRE-positive patients referred for diagnostic prostate biopsy. OPN measurements were compared with PSA levels and tumor presence and grade as established by needle biopsy. Results Plasma OPN levels were not increased in patients with prostate cancer, and in patients with high-grade prostate cancer the plasma OPN levels were not different from those in patients with low-grade or no prostate cancer. Conclusions In PSA/DRE-positive patients referred for diagnostic prostate biopsy, OPN does not appear to be a plasma marker able to detect prostate cancer or high-grade prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of position and exercise on measurement of muscle quantity and quality: towards a standardised pragmatic protocol for clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Welch ◽  
Zeinab Majid ◽  
Isabelle Andrews ◽  
Zaki Hassan-Smith ◽  
Vicky Kamwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vastus Intermedius ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background Ultrasonography is an emerging non-invasive bedside tool for muscle quantity/quality assessment; Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an alternative non-invasive bedside measure of body composition, recommended for evaluation of sarcopenia in clinical practice. We set out to assess impact of position and exercise upon measures towards protocol standardisation. Methods Healthy volunteers aged 18–35 were recruited. Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness (BATT; rectus femoris and vastus intermedius), BATT: Subcutaneous Ratio (BATT:SCR), and rectus femoris echogenicity were measured using ultrasound and BIA was performed; 1) lying with upper body at 45° (Reclined), 2) lying fully supine at 180o (Supine), 3) sat in a chair with upper body at 90o (Sitting), and 4) after exercise Reclined. Variability of Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) by two different equations from BIA (SMM-Janssen, SMM-Sergi), phase angle, fat percentage, and total body (TBW), extracellular (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) were assessed. Results Forty-four participants (52% female; mean 25.7 years-old (SD 5.0)) were recruited. BATT increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.45 cm, 1.27–1.63), and after exercise (+ 0.51, 0.29–0.73). Echogenicity reduced from Reclined to Sitting (− 2.1, − 3.9 – -0.26). SMM-Sergi declined from Reclined to Supine (− 0.65 kg, − 1.08 – − 0.23) and after exercise (− 0.70 kg, − 1.27 – -0.14). ECW increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.19 L, 0.04–2.35). There were no other statistically significant changes. Conclusion Standardisation of protocols is especially important for assessment of muscle quantity by ultrasonography; BIA measurements may also vary dependent on the equations used. Where possible, participants should be rested prior to muscle ultrasonography and BIA, and flexion of the knees should be avoided.

Prognostic role of myocardial work in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction treated by sacubitril/valsartan

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Galli ◽  
Y Bouali ◽  
C Laurin ◽  
A Gallard ◽  
A Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Constructive Work

Abstract Background The non-invasive assessment of myocardial work (MW) by pressure-strain loops analysis (PSL) is a relative new tool for the evaluation of myocardial performance. Sacubitril/Valsartan is a treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) which has a spectacular effect on the reduction of cardiovascular events (MACEs). Purposes of this study were to evaluate 1) the short and medium term effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan treatment on MW parameters; 2) the prognostic value of MW in this specific group of patients. Methods 79 patients with HFrEF (mean age: 66±12 years; LV ejection fraction: 28±9%) were prospectively included in the study and treated with Sacubitril/Valsartan. Echocardiographic examination was performed at baseline, and after 6- and 12-month of therapy with Sacubitril/Valsartan. Results Sacubitril/Valsartan significantly increased global myocardial constructive work (CW) (1023±449 vs 1424±484 mmHg%, p&lt;0.0001) and myocardial work efficiency (WE) [87 (78–90) vs 90 (86–95), p&lt;0.0001]. During FU (2.6±0.9 years), MACEs occurred in 13 (16%) patients. After correction for LV size, LVEF and WE, CW was the only predictor of MACEs (Table 1). A CW&lt;910 mmHg (AUC=0.81, p&lt;0.0001, Figure 1A) identified patients at particularly increase risk of MACEs [HR 11.09 (1.45–98.94), p=0.002, log-rank test p&lt;0.0001] (Figure 1 B). Conclusions In patients with HFrEF who receive a comprehensive background beta-blocker and mineral-corticoid receptor antagonist therapy, Sacubitril/Valsartan induces a significant improvement of myocardial CW and WE. In this population, the estimation of CW before the initiation of Sacubitril/Valsartan therapy allows the prediction of MACEs. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3373
Author(s):  
Milena Matuszczak ◽  
Jack A. Schalken ◽  
Maciej Salagierski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

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