scholarly journals Measuring antimicrobial use on dairy farms: a longitudinal method comparison study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Rees ◽  
D. C. Barrett ◽  
F. Sánchez-Vizcaíno ◽  
K. K. Reyher
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Standard Measure ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Medicine Waste

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial use on UK dairy farms is measured for surveillance purposes and utilizes veterinary sales data as a proxy for use. Two other methods of recording use have been used commonly on-farm: medicine waste bins and farm medicine records. However, none of these methods have been validated to measure antimicrobial use. The objectives of this research are to assess agreement between the 3 most common methods for measuring on-farm antimicrobial use with a pre-determined “gold standard” measure. Antimicrobial use was measured prospectively on 26 UK dairy farms using medicine waste bins into which participants placed all discarded medicine packaging for a 12-month period. At the end of 12 months, farm medicine records and veterinary sales data were obtained retrospectively for participating farms. The systematic difference between the mean on-farm antimicrobial use measured by each of the 3 methods with a gold standard measure was investigated using one-way repeated measures ANOVAs. Reliability and clinical relevance of the agreement between each pair of methods was quantified using the concordance correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman method, respectively. Veterinary sales data shows excellent reliability for all forms of antimicrobial when compared with the gold standard. Medicine waste bins show moderate to excellent reliability for injectables, poor to good reliability for intramammaries and no agreement for other forms of antimicrobial. Farm medicine records do not show agreement for any form of antimicrobial when compared with the gold standard. The use of veterinary sales data as a proxy for on-farm antimicrobial use in the UK represents excellent statistical reliability and offers a clinically acceptable agreement with a gold standard method when used to measure both injectable antimicrobials and intramammary antimicrobials. These results have policy implications both nationally and internationally and are essential in quantifying the actual impact of agricultural antimicrobial use on both animal and human health.

scholarly journals A modified technique for radiographic measurement of the tibial plateau angle in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
L. Stehlik ◽  
M. Vignoli ◽  
P. Proks ◽  
S. Trnkova ◽  
A. Necas
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Significant Difference

This prospective study was aimed at testing a modified method for the measurement of the tibial plateau angle on radiographs of the stifle joint and the proximal part of the tibia. Forty-four stifle joints of 32 client-owned dogs were included in this study. Dogs were presented for hindlimb lameness and suspected cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The diagnostic procedures included radiographic examination. The mediolateral projection of the stifle joint including the tibia and the tarsal joint was used in this study. We tested the most widely used gold standard method as well as three additional methods for tibial plateau angle measurement on each joint. The tibial plateau angle, the positioning of the stifle joint and the presence of osteoarthrosis were recorded. Only 29 (66%) joints had correct position on the radiograph and were used for further study. Repeated-measures ANOVA identified significant differences in mean tibial plateau angle between the different measuring methods. Dunnett’s post-hoc test identified a significant difference between the TA-2 and TA-2i methods and TA-0. No significant differences in tibial plateau angle were identified between joints with and without osteoarthrosis. The positioning of the limb significantly influenced the tibial plateau angle. One of the modified methods was found to not differ significantly from the gold standard method; thus, it can be recommended for further testing.

scholarly journals Detection of Movement Events of Long-Track Speed Skating Using Wearable Inertial Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Yosuke Tomita ◽  
Tomoki Iizuka ◽  
Koichi Irisawa ◽  
Shigeyuki Imura
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Standard Measure ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Integrated Detection

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been used increasingly to characterize long-track speed skating. We aimed to estimate the accuracy of IMUs for use in phase identification of long-track speed skating. Twelve healthy competitive athletes on a university long-track speed skating team participated in this study. Foot pressure, acceleration and knee joint angle were recorded during a 1000-m speed skating trial using the foot pressure system and IMUs. The foot contact and foot-off timing were identified using three methods (kinetic, acceleration and integrated detection) and the stance time was also calculated. Kinetic detection was used as the gold standard measure. Repeated analysis of variance, intra-class coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots were used to estimate the extent of agreement between the detection methods. The stance time computed using the acceleration and integrated detection methods did not differ by more than 3.6% from the gold standard measure. The ICCs ranged between 0.657 and 0.927 for the acceleration detection method and 0.700 and 0.948 for the integrated detection method. The limits of agreement were between 90.1% and 96.1% for the average stance time. Phase identification using acceleration and integrated detection methods is valid for evaluating the kinematic characteristics during long-track speed skating.

scholarly journals Quantum chemical benchmark databases of gold-standard dimer interaction energies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Donchev ◽  
Andrew G. Taube ◽  
Elizabeth Decolvenaere ◽  
Cory Hargus ◽  
Robert T. McGibbon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Coupled Cluster ◽  
Interaction Energies ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Representative Subset ◽  
Semi Empirical

AbstractAdvances in computational chemistry create an ongoing need for larger and higher-quality datasets that characterize noncovalent molecular interactions. We present three benchmark collections of quantum mechanical data, covering approximately 3,700 distinct types of interacting molecule pairs. The first collection, which we refer to as DES370K, contains interaction energies for more than 370,000 dimer geometries. These were computed using the coupled-cluster method with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], which is widely regarded as the gold-standard method in electronic structure theory. Our second benchmark collection, a core representative subset of DES370K called DES15K, is intended for more computationally demanding applications of the data. Finally, DES5M, our third collection, comprises interaction energies for nearly 5,000,000 dimer geometries; these were calculated using SNS-MP2, a machine learning approach that provides results with accuracy comparable to that of our coupled-cluster training data. These datasets may prove useful in the development of density functionals, empirically corrected wavefunction-based approaches, semi-empirical methods, force fields, and models trained using machine learning methods.

Cattle Review

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
David C Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Students Attitudes

Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider a meta-analysis of dietary cation-anion difference research, methods of measuring antimicrobial use on dairy farms, and UK veterinary students' attitudes towards production animal orientated careers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of four different HPLC devices for hemoglobinopathy screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Müjgan Ercan Karadağ ◽  
Emiş Deniz Akbulut ◽  
Esin Avcı ◽  
Esra Fırat Oğuz ◽  
Saadet Kader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Thalassemia Screening

AbstractObjectiveHemoglobinopathies are a common public health problem in Turkey. In the screening of these disorders in population, cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is accepted as the gold standard method. In this study, the aim was to assess four different HPLC devices used in hemoglobinopathy screening.Materials and methodsA total of 58 blood samples were analyzed with four different HPLC methods (Bio-Rad variant II, Agilent 1100, Tosoh G8 and Trinity Ultra2 trademarks).ResultsThe comparison study demonstrated a good correlation between the results of each HPLC analyzer and the reference value obtained by averaging all the HbA2 results belonging to the methods tested in the study [ (Tosoh G8 (r=0.988), Bio-Rad variant II (r=0.993), Agilent 1100 (r=0.98) and Trinity Ultra2 (r=0.992) ]. HbA2 determination in the presence of HbE was interfered in both Bio-Rad variant II and Tosoh G8.ConclusionThe analyzers were found to have compatible HbA2 results but with accompanying different degrees of proportional and systematic biases. HPLC analyzers may be affected by different hemoglobin variants at different HbA2 concentrations, which is an important point to take into consideration during the evaluation of HbA2 results in thalassemia screening.

Current Developments in Diagnostic Assays for Laboratory Confirmation and Investigation of Botulism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominick A. Centurioni ◽  
Christina T. Egan ◽  
Michael J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Testing Algorithms

Detection of botulinum neurotoxin or isolation of the toxin producing organism is required for the laboratory confirmation of botulism in clinical specimens. In an effort to reduce animal testing required by the gold standard method of botulinum neurotoxin detection, the mouse bioassay, many technologies have been developed to detect and characterize the causative agent of botulism. Recent advancements in these technologies have led to improvements in technical performance of diagnostic assays; however, many emerging assays have not been validated for the detection of all serotypes in complex clinical and environmental matrices. Improvements to culture protocols, endopeptidase-based assays, and a variety of immunological and molecular methods have provided laboratories with a variety of testing options to evaluate and incorporate into their testing algorithms. While significant advances have been made to improve these assays, additional work is necessary to evaluate these methods in various clinical matrices and to establish standardized criteria for data analysis and interpretation.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnosis of Malaria by Antigen Detection

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Murshed Alam ◽  
Abdul Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Age And Sex

The study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Immunochromatographic test (ICT) for antigen, using microscopy as the "gold standard" method for diagnosis of malaria. A total of 98 clinically suspected malaria patients and another 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Thick and thin films were also prepared and examined under microscope as well as Immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed for malaria antigen. Sensitivity and specificity of ICT for antigen were 93.22% and 94.87% respectively. Keywords: Detection of malaria antigen, Immunochromatographic test   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2965 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 14-16

scholarly journals Use of Circulating Tumour DNA (ctDNA) for Measurement of Therapy Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Michael J. Duffy ◽  
John Crown
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Egfr Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Circulating Tumour Dna

Biomarkers that predict likely response or resistance to specific therapies are critical in personalising treatment for cancer patients. Such biomarkers are now available for an increasing number of anti-cancer therapies, especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The gold-standard method for determining predictive biomarkers requires tumour tissue. Obtaining tissue, however, is not always possible and even if possible, the amount or quality of tissue obtained may be inadequate for biomarker analysis. Tumour DNA, however, can be released into the bloodstream, giving rise to what is referred to as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). In contrast to tissue, blood can be obtained from effectively all patients in a minimally invasive and safe manner. Other advantages of blood over tissue for biomarker testing include a shorter turn-around time and an ability to perform serial measurements. Furthermore, blood should provide a more complete profile of mutations present in heterogeneous tumours than a single-needle tissue biopsy. A limitation of blood vis-à-vis tissue, however, is lower sensitivity and, thus, the possibility of missing an actionable mutation. Despite this limitation, blood-based predictive biomarkers, such as mutant EGFR for predicting response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and mutant PIK3CA for predicting response to alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer, may be used when tissue is unavailable. Although tissue remains the gold standard for detecting predictive biomarkers, it is likely that several further blood-based assays will soon be validated and used when tissue is unavailable or unsuitable for analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of distilled water as buffered water replacement during 3% Giemsa’s solution preparation in Malaria diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Yan Xia ◽  
Hamidah Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Modified Method

Malaria is a life-threatening disease which has claimed many lives. Giemsa's stain is the gold standard method in malaria diagnosis. Generally, Giemsa's stain is diluted with buffered water. However, sometimes, it produces poor staining of the blood smears, in which can create a major challenge in detecting and identifying positive malaria parasites in a peripheral blood smear. This can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment to a patient. The present study examined the effect of replacing the buffered water to distilled water during the preparation of 3% Giemsa's solution. Blood specimens were collected from selected positive (n=80) and negative (n=300) malaria cases in EDTA tube. The modified method employed distilled water and different concentrations of buffered water for diluting Giemsa’s solution stock. The microscopy observation was performed on each set of blood film stained by both modified and standard Giemsa staining methods by two WHO’s qualified technicians. All Giemsa solutions with different diluents were comparable in detecting malaria parasites in the blood films. There was no difference between distilled water and different concentrations of buffered water. Furthermore, distilled water produced homogeneous staining and clearer background of the blood films, which enables different species of malaria to be identified. The present study demonstrates that the modified staining using distilled water in malaria parasites identification is comparable to the gold standard method. In addition, the modified method is rapid, easily available, cost-effective, and reliable.

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