scholarly journals The Use of Psychoactive Substances in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Trinta Weber ◽  
Ingridi Teixeira Monteiro ◽  
Julia Medeiros Gehrke ◽  
Wagner Silva de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Field

Background: The protocols for mitigating the transmission of Covid-19 seem to be a trigger for the use of psychoactive substances, as an individual's adaptive response to support this new way of being in the world. Objective: To investigate the use of psychoactive substances in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional and prospective observational study, undertaken in a virtual environment. An online survey was developed and employed through Google Forms to collect data. The survey was made available to participants on social networks, Facebook@, Whatsapp@, and Instagram@, linked to the research group, during the period 06/15/2020 to 07/15/2020. 1,145 individuals participated in the research. Results: The average age of the participants was 37 years old. They were mostly female, white, Brazilians, with a higher education level, with occupations in the health field, and had religion. They either maintained their family income or suffered a small income decrease. Moreover, they informed that they were caring for social isolation. The most used substances before and after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic were alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, although the use of these substances decreased (P<0.001). Approximately 32% of the participants started using psychoactive substances in this period. Among them, most individuals started by their own initiative. Conclusions: For a better understanding of the pattern use of psychoactive substances during the Covid-19 pandemic and the adverse effects on human behavior and mental disorders, careful longitudinal studies must be developed, due to the great interest in the knowledge of adaptive responses when people's lives are at risk.

The Use of Psychoactive Substances in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Trinta Weber ◽  
Ingridi Teixeira Monteiro ◽  
Julia Medeiros Gehrke ◽  
Wagner Silva de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Field

BACKGROUND The protocols for mitigating the transmission of Covid-19 seem to be a trigger for the use of psychoactive substances, as an individual's adaptive response to support this new way of being in the world. OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of psychoactive substances in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional and prospective observational study, undertaken in a virtual environment. An online survey was developed and employed through Google Forms to collect data. The survey was made available to participants on social networks, Facebook@, Whatsapp@, and Instagram@, linked to the research group, during the period 06/15/2020 to 07/15/2020. 1,145 individuals participated in the research. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 37 years old. They were mostly female, white, Brazilians, with a higher education level, with occupations in the health field, and had religion. They either maintained their family income or suffered a small income decrease. Moreover, they informed that they were caring for social isolation. The most used substances before and after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic were alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, although the use of these substances decreased (P<0.001). Approximately 32% of the participants started using psychoactive substances in this period. Among them, most individuals started by their own initiative. CONCLUSIONS For a better understanding of the pattern use of psychoactive substances during the Covid-19 pandemic and the adverse effects on human behavior and mental disorders, careful longitudinal studies must be developed, due to the great interest in the knowledge of adaptive responses when people's lives are at risk.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Saudi Parents Towards Their Children's Oral Health: An Online Questionnaire Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malaz Mohamed Elrafie Mustafa ◽  
Ebtehaj Saleh Albeshri ◽  
Mashael Khaled Althobati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Children’S Oral Health

Children's oral health is of paramount importance as it governs the oral health status of the upcoming generation. Their oral hygiene is a vital part of general childcare. This under-appraised issue is often neglected by young parents, which can result in poor children's oral health. Aim: To assess standard knowledge, attitude and behavior of Saudi parents pertaining to the oral health of their young children. Materials and Methods: a prospective cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2017. The questionnaire included a total of 16 questions which were divided into two parts; the first part asked about parents' general information such as the name, age, gender, educational level, occupation and total family income. The second part included questions related to knowledge, attitude and practices toward children on selected oral health issues. Results: 1038 Saudi parents responded to the online questionnaire (70% Females and 30% male). Majority Saudi parents recognized many preventive dental aspects like importance of early acquisition of tooth brushing, avoidance of caries-related diet and nocturnal on demand breast feeding. Seventy three percent were convinced that it is better to take their children to a specialized pediatric dentist rather than a general dental practitioner. However, it was revealed that there was limited knowledge and awareness of Saudi parents about the significance of the routine dental checkups, ideal timing of first dental visit and importance of topical fluoride. Hypothetical myths and social beliefs associated with dental treatment like endodontic treatment were common; creating barriers to early preventive and curative dental care of young Saudi children. Conclusion: Parents were found to have inadequate knowledge in regard to oral health of their young children. The present research points to a need for enhanced dental education of parents, particularly in planning for their children's first visit and effect of prolonged on-demand at night breast feeding on development of early childhood caries. Community based oral health programs are required in order to raise parents' awareness regarding their children's oral health.

scholarly journals Awareness of COVID-19 Before and After Quarantine Based on Crowdsourced Data From Rabigh City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Aldhahri ◽  
Rana Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

Background: Infection prevention and control measures are critical for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19.Aim: In this study, we aimed to measure and evaluate the level of awareness and knowledge of the prevention, symptoms, and transmission control of COVID-19 before and after quarantine among the residents of Rabigh city and adjacent villages in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in two stages: the first stage took place before quarantine and the second stage took place after quarantine. The survey was filled out electronically.Results: A total of 448 participants responded and filled out the questionnaires. Females (73.70%) formed the largest number of participants for both stages. The majority of the participants were &lt;30 years old (50.90%) and had a high education level in various sectors and levels (97.1%). It was noticeable that during the first stage, the participants' awareness of COVID-19 symptoms was not very high: 13.62% did not know about the symptoms. However, by the second stage, awareness about symptoms had increased (9.6%).Conclusion: The residents of Rabigh city and the surrounding villages had good levels of knowledge about COVID-19.

Psychological Effects of Attack on the World Trade Center: Analysis before and after

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cody Wilson ◽  
Beth Spenciner Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
World Trade Center Attack ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trade Center

Four different studies using a total sample of 711 from the same New York City student population tested a model that has emerged from previous research on disasters. The model suggests that postdisaster psychological distress is a function of exposure to the disaster, predisaster psychological distress, acute distress following the disaster, time elapsed between disaster and observation of distress, and additional traumatic experiences since the disaster. Although findings replicate those of previous cross-sectional studies regarding association of exposure and distress after the disaster, before and after studies did not detect an effect on postdisaster psychological distress of the World Trade Center attack. Great caution must be used in attributing elevated psychological distress observed postdisaster to the effects of the disaster.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTER DENGAN MINAT MAHASISWA KEBIDANAN STIKES BINA USADA MENJADI ENTERPRENEUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
I Gede Wirajaya ◽  
Alfiery Leda Kio ◽  
Nina Rismawati Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Midwifery is one of many professions in the world of health assigned to help the process of labor for mothers, including the caregiving during the childbirth and has as well become the only profession to assist women in the pre and post-labor. The large amount of midwife graduates as counted in every year is contributing in the increasing number of unemployment in Indonesia. For those who had been graduated as a midwife in addition with specific skills of taking care for mothers before and after the birth giving, must have not been unemployed after being equipped with the knowledge of entrepreneurship as there should be an opportunity to create business and new job fields for others. STIKES Bina Usada Bali has inserted entrepreneurship subject to become compulsory in the curriculum to help give new vision to the students. This research is aimed to see the influence of entrepreneurship education to the interest of becoming an entrepreneur for midwifery students of STIKES Bina Usada Bali. The cross sectional design was implemented in this research by applying quantitative method of approach. The data were collected in September 2019 through questionnaire distributed to 39 students of midwifery. The data analysis included Kendall’s Tau univariate and bivariate analysis. The univariate analysis showed that most students had moderate characteristics for entrepreneurship numbered 16 of the total students (43.2%) and those with high interest in entrepreneurship was in the number of 18 students (48.6%). Meanwhile, the bivariate analysis with Kendall Tau’s correlation value of -0.775 showed the presence of weak level of correlation with the value of p=0.00 less than ɑ =0.05 (p<0.05) meaning that there was significant relation between the education of entrepreneurship and the interest in becoming entrepreneurs of the midwifery students of STIKES Bina Usada Bali. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Lectures, Entrepreneurs Interest, Midwifery. Bidan merupakan salah satu profesi dalam dunia kesehatan yang memiliki tugas untuk membantu proses melahirkan pada seorang ibu, memberi asuhan pada masa persalinan dan menjadi satu–satunya profesi yang memiliki tugas untuk merawat seorang wanita yang akan melahirkan dan  juga setelah melahirkan. Banyaknya lulusan bidan setiap tahunnya menjadi salah satu penyebab meningkatnya jumlah pengangguran di Indonesia. Lulusan bidan yang sudah memiliki kemampuan yang khusus dalam bidang pengasuhan dan perawatan seorang ibu yang sedang mengandung dan setelah melahirkan, seharusnya tidak menjadi pengangguran ketika mereka dibekali pengetahuan tentang entrepreneurship, karena mereka dapat membangun usaha mereka sendiri dan bahkan mampu membuka lapangan pekerjaan. STIKES Bina Usada Bali menambahkan mata kuliah entrepreneurship sebagai salah satu mata kuliah yang wajib diambil oleh mahasiswa untuk memberikan pandangan baru kepada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pendidikan entrepreneurship terhadap minat mahasiswa kebidanan STIKES Bina Usada Bali menjadi seorang entrepreneur. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan September 2019 melalui pengisian kuesioner oleh 39 mahasiswa kebidanan. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat Korelasi Kendall’s Tau. Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar memiliki karakter entrepreneur sedang sebanyak 16 mahasiswa (43,2%) dan mahasiswa yang memiliki minat tinggi menjadi entrepreneur sebanyak 18 mahasiswa (48,6%%). Analisis bivariat dengan nilai korelasi Kendall’s Tau sebesar -0,775 menunjukkan adanya tingkat hubungan yang lemah dengan nilai p= 0,00 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05 (p<0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan entrepreneurship dengan minat mahasiswa kebidanan STIKES Bina Usada Bali menjadi entrepreneur.  Kata Kunci: Kuliah Entrepreneurship, Minat Entrepreneur, Bidan.

scholarly journals Willingness of Nigerian residents to disclose COVID-19 symptoms and take COVID-19 test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Oladoyin ◽  
Oluyemi Okunlola ◽  
Oluwaseyi Israel ◽  
Demilade Ibirongbe ◽  
Joy Osifo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
The World ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractBackgroundAn understanding of willingness of people to disclose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and take the COVID-19 test will help provide important insight for motivators towards the self-surveillance and testing strategies recommended by the World Health Organization to curtail and halt the transmission of COVID-19.ObjectivesThis study assessed willingness to disclose symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and willingness to take COVID-19 test as well as their predictors.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey of 524 Nigerian adults, aged ≥ 18 years, residing in Nigeria and who had not taken the COVID-19 test was conducted. Information on willingness to disclose COVID-19 symptoms, take COVID-19 test and possible predictors were collected. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics evaluated at 5% significance level.ResultsMean age of respondents was 35.8 ± 10.7 years and 57.0% were males. Majority (85.8% and 86.2% respectively) were willing to disclose COVID-19 symptoms and take COVID-19 test. Self-risk perception of contracting COVID-19 predicted both willingness to disclose COVID-19 symptoms (aOR=3.236; 95%CI=1.836-5.704) and take COVID-19 test (aOR=3.174; 95%CI=1.570-6.419). Willingness to disclose COVID-19 symptoms (aOR=13.060; 95%CI= 6.253-27.276), knowledge of someone who had taken the test (aOR= 4.106; 95%CI= 1.179-14.299) and thought that it was important for people to know their COVID-19 status (aOR=3.123; 95%CI= 1.516-6.434) also predicted willingness to take COVID-19 test.ConclusionNigerians are willing to disclose symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and take the COVID-19 test. Investment in interventions developed based on the predicting factors will help speed up the finding and testing of suspected COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Fitness and the Crisis: Impacts of COVID-19 on Active Living and Life Satisfaction in Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13073
Author(s):  
David Jungwirth ◽  
Chiara Amelie Weninger ◽  
Daniela Haluza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Austrian Population

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted human lifestyles across the world. Lockdowns and home confinement decreased prior opportunities for everyday physical activity. To retrospectively assess how the Austrian population coped with these aspects of the crisis, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey from March to September 2021 using a structured questionnaire in German. In total, 1214 participants (56.9% females, mean age 37.0 years) living across Austria shared self-reported information on sociodemographic characteristics, indoor and outdoor physical activity, reasons for being outdoors, and life satisfaction before and after the emergence of the virus. As a result, overall indoor physical activity significantly decreased in a before–during COVID-19 crisis comparison, although exercising at home with online instructions increased by about 63%. Exercising outdoors increased overall, specifically in periurban forests and rural areas, both by about 9%. Life satisfaction decreased significantly by 19.7% (p < 0.001). Outdoor public places and natural environments gained importance due to restrictions affecting access to sport facilities. Further research is needed to evaluate benefits and therapeutic values of outdoor nature for physical and mental health in times of a global pandemic to maintain resilient societies, as it might impact future active living and life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Learning burnout: evaluating the role of social support in medical students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Zhang ◽  
Tao Shu ◽  
Ming Xiang ◽  
Zhanchun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background:Burnout is a stress-induced syndrome that is considered closely related to work. Although social support could reduce burnout syndrome, the effect of it on learning burnout in medical students remains unclear. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the association between learning burnout and social support in a cohort of Chinese medical students.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to students who participated in online learning in a medical college in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the Lian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess learning burnout and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) to assess social support.Results:A total of 684 students completed the survey (response rate of 30.9%), of which 315 (46.12%) met standard criteria for learning burnout. We found grade, family income, learning time, and the number of interactions with teachers or classmates had an effect on students’ learning burnout. After adjusting for the grade and residence, there was a significant and relevant association between the social support and learning burnout. (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 for 1-point decrease in total SSRS score; 95% CI, 0.90 – 0.96; p < 0.001).Conclusions:Learning burnout was highly prevalent in medical students of our college. The social support especially subjective support and utilization of support played a protective role in reducing the risk of learning burnout.

The impact of the COVID-19 "Infodemic" on Well-being: Social media practices during the pandemic - a cross-sectional study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iffat Elbarazi ◽  
Basema Saddik ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Faisal Aziz ◽  
Deena Al Souri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Practices

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic created a crisis in the world of information and digital literacy. The amount of misinformation surrounding COVID-19 that has circulated through social media (SM) since January 2020 is notably significant and it has been linked to rising levels of anxiety and fear amongst SM users. The COVID-19 'infodemic' was singled out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and several newly published studies as one of the causes of anxiety, depression, and fear amongst the global population OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess SM practices during COVID-19 and investigates their impact on well-being. METHODS An online infodemic cross-sectional survey was distributed via different SM platforms in the United Arab Emirates and other countries. Adults above 18 years of age were invited to complete an online survey that covered multiple domains, including the WHO-5 Well-being Index. RESULTS The study sheds light on the use of SM during the pandemic and its impact on well-being throughout the novel coronavirus pandemic. Out of 993 participants, 73% were females, 76% were non-Emirati, 91% university graduates, and 50% were employed in various occupations, of which 20% were health care professionals. Participants indicated that they acquired COVID-19 related information primarily from social media, of which WhatsApp was the most accessed. Most participants reported sharing the information after the verification. The mean well-being score was 12.6 ±5.6 with 49% of participants had poor well-being (WHO-5 score <12.5). The adjusted linear regression showed that Facebook usage was negatively associated with well-being score. Also, high time-usage was associated with poorer well-being. When adjusting for other factors, including low confidence in information around COVID-19 and poor knowledge overall, SM usage was significantly associated with poorer well-being CONCLUSIONS Social media practices during emergencies and disasters may impact public well-being. Authorities are advised to step in to minimize the spread of misinformation and more frequent use of social media, as it may influence well-being leading to increased levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. Public health specialists, information technology and communication experts should collaborate to limit the infodemic effect on communities.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and intentions towards nursing profession among Chinese high school graduates in central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Zhu ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Kenneth J. Gruber ◽  
Guangwu Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Central China ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and objective: Current nursing shortages and low willingness of young people to choose nursing as a career are of major concern in many countries. This study examined the knowledge, attitude and intention towards the nursing profession among high school graduates in China and factors associated with graduate’ intention to enroll in nursing program.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sampling. A total of 3764 high school graduates of selected schools in Central China participated in the study. Data were collected with online survey including demographics, knowledge of and attitude towards nursing and intention to choose nursing. Pearson’s correlations and Hierarchical regression analyses were performed.Results: Less than 10% of the participants expressed interest in a future career in nursing. Knowledge and attitude about nursing were positively associated with intention to study nursing. Both patents’ education, family income and attitude significantly predicted intention to study nursing in the hierarchy regression model (p < .001).Conclusions: Recruitment and retention strategies need to focus on addressing improving knowledge about the roles of nurse among high school students. Nursing administrators and educators should provide information about nursing profession on Websites and social media or programs for high school students with early clinical exposure to nursing to increase their knowledge and change their attitudes toward nursing.

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