scholarly journals Investigation of biochemical changes in barley inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum T-22 under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Gupta ◽  
Penelope M. C. Smith ◽  
Berin A. Boughton ◽  
Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe ◽  
Siria H.A. Natera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

AbstractIncreases in soil salinity impacts growth and yield of agricultural plants by inhibiting plant functions. Soil salinization is increasing because of the pressure of a growing population on food supply. Genetically modified crops and plant breeding techniques are being used to produce plants tolerant to salt stress. However, interactions of fungal endophytes with crop plants can also improve tolerance and is a less expensive approach. Here, the role of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in alleviating NaCl-induced stress in two barley genotypes (cv. Vlamingh and cv. Gairdner) has been investigated. Metabolomics using GC-MS for polar metabolites and LC-MS for lipids was employed to provide insights into the biochemical changes in barley roots inoculated with fungus during the early stages of interaction. T. harzianum increased the root length of both genotypes under controlled and saline conditions. The fungus reduced the relative concentration of sugars in both genotypes and caused no change in organic acids under saline conditions. Amino acids decreased only in cv. Gairdner in fungus-inoculated roots under saline conditions. Lipid analyses suggest that salt stress causes large changes in the lipid profile of roots but that inoculation with fungus greatly reduces the extent of these changes. By studying a tolerant and a sensitive genotype and their responses to salt and inoculation we have been able to develop hypotheses about what lipid species and metabolites may be involved in the tolerant genotype for its tolerance to salt and how fungal inoculation changes the response of the sensitive genotype to improve its tolerance.

scholarly journals Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Pandey ◽  
Radha Krishna Paladi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Penna Suprasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Redox Environment ◽  
Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in two contrasting soybean genotypes subjected to phosphate starvation

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Zhang ◽  
Huanqing Xu ◽  
Yuming Yang ◽  
Xiangqian Zhang ◽  
Zhongwen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

Abstract Background Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and development, and low-phosphorus (LP) stress is a major factor limiting the growth and yield of soybean. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been reported to be key regulators in the responses of plants to stress conditions, but the mechanism through which LP stress mediates the biogenesis of lncRNAs in soybean remains unclear. Results In this study, to explore the response mechanisms of lncRNAs to LP stress, we used the roots of two representative soybean genotypes that present opposite responses to P deficiency, namely, a P-sensitive genotype (Bogao) and a P-tolerant genotype (NN94156), for the construction of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries. In total, 4,166 novel lncRNAs, including 525 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, were identified from the two genotypes at different P levels. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that numerous DE lncRNAs might be involved in diverse biological processes related to phosphate, such as lipid metabolic processes, catalytic activity, cell membrane formation, signal transduction, and nitrogen fixation. Moreover, lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA and lncRNA-mRNA networks were constructed, and the results identified several promising lncRNAs that might be highly valuable for further analysis of the mechanism underlying the response of soybean to LP stress. Conclusions These results revealed that LP stress can significantly alter the genome-wide profiles of lncRNAs, particularly those of the P-sensitive genotype Bogao. Our findings increase the understanding of and provide new insights into the function of lncRNAs in the responses of soybean to P stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Betula halophila in Response to Salt Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenjuan Shao ◽  
Lisha Zhang ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
Deyou Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Overly Sensitive

Soil salinization is a matter of concern worldwide. It can eventually lead to the desertification of land and severely damage local agricultural production and the ecological environment. Betula halophila is a tree with high salt tolerance, so it is of importance to understand and discover the salt responsive genes of B. halophila for breeding salinity resistant varieties of trees. However, there is no report on the transcriptome in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Using Illumina sequencing platform, approximately 460 M raw reads were generated and assembled into 117,091 unigenes. Among these unigenes, 64,551 unigenes (55.12%) were annotated with gene descriptions, while the other 44.88% were unknown. 168 up-regulated genes and 351 down-regulated genes were identified, respectively. These Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) involved in multiple pathways including the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, ion transport and uptake, antioxidant enzyme, ABA signal pathway and so on. The gene ontology (GO) enrichments suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in a plant-type cell wall organization biological process, cell wall cellular component, and structural constituent of cell wall molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the top-four enriched pathways were ‘Fatty acid elongation’, ‘Ribosome’, ‘Sphingolipid metabolism’ and ‘Flavonoid biosynthesis’. The expression patterns of sixteen DEGs were analyzed by qRT-PCR to verify the RNA-seq data. Among them, the transcription factor AT-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized gene and dehydrins might play an important role in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Our results provide an important gene resource to breed salt tolerant plants and useful information for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in B. halophila.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Three Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna ASSIMAKOPOULOU ◽  
Ioannis SALMAS ◽  
Kallimachos NIFAKOS ◽  
Panagiotis KALOGEROPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
Technological Educational ◽  
Technological Educational Institute ◽  
Southern Greece

Agriculture is increasingly forced to utilize marginal waters to meet its increasing demands, which in turn increases the risks of soil salinization and yield reduction in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean basin. Given that the bean is an extremely salt sensitive species, the purpose of the present work was to study the effect of 0 and 75 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) on leaf characteristics, growth, pod yield and ion accumulation of three green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (‘Corallo Nano’, ‘Romano Bush Plaja’ and ‘Starazagorski’), widely used in Greece. Plants were grown in a greenhouse of Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese in Messinia, Southern Greece, from April to June 2014, in hydroponics. The experimental design was the factorial completely randomized one with five replications; each replication consisted of the three plants grown on the same rockwool slab. The results of the majority of growth and yield parameters determined showed the superiority of ‘Corallo’ over ‘Romano’ whereas ‘Starazagorski’ tolerance was found to be intermediate. ‘Corallo’ tolerated NaCl salinity better due to its capacity for Na retention in the roots and maintaining appropriate K/Na and Ca/Na ratios, limiting the accumulation of toxic ions into actively growing shoots. The salt sensitivity of ‘Romano’ was related to its higher concentration of Na in the leaves and lower in the roots, to the greater decrease of the leaf number and leaf water content, as well as to the specific leaf area increase compared to the other two cultivars under saline conditions.

Time of Salt Stress Affects Growth and Yield Components of Irrigated Wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland E. Francois ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
Eugene V. Maas ◽  
Scott M. Lesch
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

scholarly journals Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Khoma ◽  
L. Khudolieieva ◽  
N. Kutsokon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

scholarly journals Physiological Evaluation of Different Rice Genotypes to Two Salinity Level during Seedling Stage under Hydroponic System

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
S. Lakshmi ◽  
V. Ravichandran ◽  
L. Arul ◽  
K. Krishna Surendar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Hydroponics study was conducted to screen eight rice genotypes (CO 51, ADT 53, ADT 37, IR 64, CO 43, ASD 16, Pokkali; TRY 3) under salinity stress on early seedling stage. Two Saline treatments (75 and 100 mM NaCl) were given at 15 days old seedling; observations were recorded at 10 days after salt stress. Results showed that shoot length, root length, total fresh and dry weight, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and root- shoot ratio were reduced under saline conditions compared to control. Na+ ion Concentration and Na+/ k+ ratio was higher in saline treatments than control. However, K+ ion absorption decreased with increasing salinity level. Electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential had increasing trend with increasing level of salinity. In this study, rice genotypes Pokkali, TRY 3 and CO 43 perform as tolerant; CO 51, ADT 53 and ASD 16 perform as moderately tolerant; ADT 37 is susceptible and IR 64 is highly susceptible. This type of study is required to develop salt tolerant genotypes at salt stress during seedling stage; to increase the growth and yield of rice there by satisfy the need of country’s requirement.

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