scholarly journals Prediction of COVID-19 mortality among hospitalized patients in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Omer Hamad Abd El-Raheem ◽  
Maysoun Ahmed Awad Yousif ◽  
Doaa Salih Ibrahim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Admission Ward ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Chi Square Test

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 was primarily reported in China. The mortality rate across countries had ranged from 1% up to more than 10% and it is underestimated in some countries. Advanced age is the most frequently reported factor associated to mortality. Other factors were the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity. Several models for mortality prediction had been developed to assist in improving the prognosis. The aim of our study was to assess the factors related to mortality among COVID-19 patients and develop a prediction model based on these factors.MethodsA retrospective cohort study assessed the factors related to the mortality among COVID-19 patients who attended Imperial Hospital isolation centre on November-December, 2020, Khartoum, Sudan. Statistical tests performed were chi-square test, odds ratio and regression to develop the prediction model. Tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05.Results105 patients were studied. 29% of the patients were deceased, while, 71% were discharged alive. A statistically significant association was found between the age and severity with regards to mortality rate (p=0.034, 0.018 respectively). The model equation for mortality prediction: Mortality = −14.724+ (1.387* Age) + (−0.323* Gender) + (1.814* Admission) + (0.193* Ischemic Heart Disease) + (−0.369* Fever) + (1.595* Cough) + (1.953* Complications) + (0.149* Duration of hospitalization) + (0.999* Enoxaparin dose).ConclusionsAge, admission ward, cough and enoxaparin dose were statistically significant predictors for COVID-19 mortality (p= 0.014, 0.011, 0.015, 0.006 respectively).

Analisis Faktor Determinan Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Oleh Bidan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Novita ◽  
Gusman Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

Implementation of IMD in hospitals has decreased from the previous year and has not reached the target set by the government. Some IMD implementation processes have not been carried out according to applicable standards. So that babies do not get an IMD in accordance with existing SOPs. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the implementation of the IMD by midwives in the Midwifery and Maternity Room Emergency Room (IGD) at the Anutapura General Hospital in Palu. This research method is analytical with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was that all midwives in the obstetrics emergency room and maternity room at Anutapura Palu Hospital were 37 respondents. The sample in this study is total sampling. The analysis used was univariate, and bivariate analysis using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of statistical tests on variable knowledge of midwives with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.018 (p value <0.05). APN training with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.697 (p value> 0.05). length of work with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.029 (p value <0.05). and peer support with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.007 (p value <0.05). Conclusions there is a relationship between knowledge, length of work, peer support with the implementation of the IMD, and training factors that have nothing to do with IMD implementation. The strongest factor in the relationship is peer support. It is recommended that the Anutarapura Palu Hospital be able to motivate midwives so that they can further enhance their role in the implementation and provide support to their colleagues so that the implementation of the IMD can be carried out in accordance with applicable standards.Keywords: Knowledge, APN Training, Duration of work, Implementation of IMD

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽  
Augusto César Braz Hollanda ◽  
Marcelo Sampaio Moura ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. A total of 1,372 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed based on the quality of root filling, status of coronal restoration and presence of posts associated with apical periodontitis (AP). Data were analyzed statistically using odds ratio, confidence intervals and chi-square test. The prevalence of AP with adequate endodontic treatment was low (16.5%). This percentage dropped to 12.1% in cases with adequate root filling and adequate coronal restoration. Teeth with adequate endodontic treatment and poor coronal restoration had an AP prevalence of 27.9%. AP increased to 71.7% in teeth with poor endodontic treatment associated with poor coronal restoration. When poor endodontic treatment was combined with adequate coronal restoration, AP prevalence was 61.8%. The prevalence of AP was low when associated with high technical quality of root canal treatment. Poor coronal restoration increased the risk of AP even when endodontic treatment was adequate (OR=2.80; 95%CI=1.87-4.22). The presence of intracanal posts had no influence on AP prevalence.

Vicinity of Schools, But Not of Residences, Seems to Regulate Physical and Sports Activities of 13-Year-Old Teenagers in a South European Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magalhães ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Maria Fátima Pina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sports Activities

Background:Proximity to urban green spaces (UGS) and open sports spaces (OSS) benefits health, promotes physical activity (PA) and sports practice (SP).Objective:Analyze the association between PA or SP according to distances between UGS or OSS and teenagers’ residences or schools.Methods:We evaluated 1333 (53.9% girls) teenagers (13 years old) living and studying in Porto, Portugal (EPITeen cohort). PA was classified as light or moderate/vigorous. Distances were the shortest routes from residences or schools to UGS/OSS, and classified in ≤250 m; >250 m to ≤500 m; >500 m to ≤750 m; >750 m. Chi-square test and chi-square for trends were used to compare proportions; associations were measured using logistic regression, through odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting to BMI and parental education.Results:Regarding vicinity’ of schools, the prevalence of moderate/vigorous PA among boys, decreases as distances to OSS increases. For girls, the prevalence of sports decreases as distances to UGS increase. For boys, we found an association between moderate/vigorous PA and proximity to OSS in the vicinity of schools: considering ≤250 m as reference, the odds of moderate/vigorous PA is 0.20 (0.06–0.63) for >250 m to ≤500 m; 0.21 (0.07–0.61) for >500 m to ≤750 m and 0.19 (0.06–0.58) for >750 m.Conclusion:Vicinities of schools seem to influence teenagers to be more physically active and increase sports participation.

scholarly journals Confronting Theories of Firm Growth in Light of Degrees-of-Freedom Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (74) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende ◽  
Ricardo Salera ◽  
José Márcio de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Growth Optimum ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Do So

This article aims to confront four theories of firm growth – Optimum Firm Size, Stage Theory of Growth, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm and Dynamic Capabilities – with empirical data derived from a backward-looking longitudinal qualitative case of the growth trajectory of a Brazilian capital goods firm. To do so, we employed Degree of Freedom-Analysis for data analysis. This technique aims to test the empirical strengths of competing theories using statistical tests, in particular Chi-square test. Our results suggest that none of the four theories fully explained the growth of the firm we chose as empirical case. Nevertheless, Dynamic Capabilities was regarded as providing a more satisfactory explanatory power.

scholarly journals Maternal mortality in the indigenous and non-indigenous population in Pará: contribution to the surveillance of deaths

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivid Ramos dos Santos ◽  
Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ◽  
Bárbara Lopes Paiva ◽  
Ivaneide Leal Ataide Rodrigues ◽  
Lívia Félix de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: To analyze the occurrence of Maternal Mortality in general and in the indigenous population in the state of Pará. Method: A quantitative, analytical and retrospective study was performed, covering a historical series from 2005 to 2014. For the analysis of the results, non-parametric statistical tests, the Chi-square test and the G test were processed in the BioStat 5.0 software program. Results: A total of 884 maternal deaths were reported in the state of Pará, corresponding to a Mortality Rate of 60.7 per 100,000 live births for non-indigenous women and 135.8 per 100,000 live births for indigenous women. Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium corresponded to 30.5% (n = 270). Conclusion and Implications for the Practice: Maternal mortality remains a serious public health problem in the state of Pará, clearly demonstrating that indigenous pregnant women require greater care, since they showed higher Maternal Mortality Rates when compared to non-indigenous women.

scholarly journals Analysis of Healthy Latrine Ownership Factors in the Coastal Area of Lapulu Village, Kendari City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Sitti Marya Ulva ◽  
Sinar Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
Tidal Area ◽  
Chi Square Test

The percentage of families in Lapulu Village that had healthy latrines was 64,84% who met the health requirements and 35,16% who did not meet the health requirements in 2019. This shows that the ownership of healthy latrines is still lower than the national achievement. This study aims to determine the factors associated with low ownership of healthy latrines in the coastal areas of Lapulu Village, Kendari City. The research design was observational, with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 437 respondents, while the study sample was 209 respondents. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling technique. The analysis were performed using the Chi-Square test. The results of statistical tests with chi-square obtained the value of land availability (p-value=0,000), knowledge (p-value=0,031), and income (p-value=0,000). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between land availability, knowledge, and income levels associated with low ownership of healthy latrines in the tidal area of ​​Lapulu Village, Kendari City. Therefore, it is hoped that the community and local government will establish this inter sector collaboration with related agencies to increase community ownership of healthy latrines.

scholarly journals Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Mortality due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ayushi Rajkumar Jain ◽  
Doss Prakash ◽  
Sheetal Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Predictors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Common

The alarming statistics of COVID-19 surges up in 2021 throwing an enormous burden on the healthcare system across the world. According to WHO reports on 14th April 2021, globally 136,996,364 confirmed COVID-19 cases are reported across the continents, including 2,951,832 deaths. The state of Maharashtra reported the maximum number of cases of India including high mortality rate. This study was conducted to identify and describe the relation of different predictors (Age, gender, duration of hospital stay, presence of co morbidities) of mortality among the COVID-19 deceased patients by retrospectively analyzing the medical case records of 121 patients from a dedicated COVID hospital at Aurangabad from July 2020 to December 2020. Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between causes of death with different cluster of variables and their significance. This study helps us to identify risk factors that show association between various predictors and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Out of 121 deaths, 96 (79%) were male, 61 (49.6%) were in age group between 60-79 years, ARDS was one of the major complication in the deceased patients accounting 29.8% and cardio respiratory arrest was the common cause of death among the deceased patients with 85%. It was also observed that mortality rate was very higher in the initial five days of hospitalization with critical care support. Our result findings provide clinical inferences for physicians to identify high-risk factors with COVID-19 at a very early stage. Key words: COVID-19, Mortality rate, Demographic predictors, Co-morbidities, Cardio respiratory arrest.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SUHU TUBUH BAYI BARU LAHIR ANTARA BAYI YANG BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DAN BAYI YANG TIDAK BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Aprilia Aprisanti Reyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Latar Belakang :Kehangatan dada ibu dapat menghangatkan bayi, sehingga apabila bayi diletakan di dada ibunya segera setelah melahirkan atau dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, dapat menurunkan resiko hipotermia dan menurunkan kematian bayi baru lahir akibat kedinginan atau hipotermia. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Metode  :Analitik,desain cross sectional,populasi semua bayi baru lahir, sampel bayi barulahir, teknik Non Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Lembar Observasi dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikan α = 0.05 yaitu bila hasil uji statistik menunjukan p ≤ α maka H0 ditolak. Hasil      :Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhtidakhipotermisebanyak 20 bayi (87%) Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhhipotermisebanyak 8 bayi (66,7%). Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh hasil nilai p = 0,005 < α = 0.05 maka H1 diterima, artinya ada Perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Kesimpulan :Terdapat perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD.   Kata kunci : Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Suhu Tubuh Bayi Baru Lahir                                                                                               THE DIFFERENCE BODY TEMPERATURE BETWEEN BABIES WHO SUCCESSFULLY INITIATE BREASTFEEDING EARLY AND BABIESWHO FAIL TO INITIATE EARLY BREASTFEEDING AT RSIA KIRANA SIDOARJO 2019  Background : The warmth of the mother’s chest can warm the baby, so that when the baby is in the mother’s breast immediately after birth or initiated early breastfeeding can reduce the mortality rate of newborns due to hypotermia.Purpose :the purpose of this study was to determine the difference in body temperature of newborns between infants who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and infants who did not succeed in initiating early breastfeedingMethods : analytical, cross sectional design, population 40 newborns, samples 35 newborns, Non Random Sampling techniques, the data accumulation using observation sheets and using chi-square test, with significant value α = 0.05 is when the statistical test results show p ≤ α then Ho is rejected.Result : The body temperature of the newborn who succeeded in initiating early breastfeeding was 36.78ºC with 23 (65.7%) of infants none having hypothermia, the newborn baby's body temperature that did not succeed in doing this early breastfeeding was 35.78ºC With 8 infants experiencing hypothermia, while 4 babies with normal temperature. From the results of statistical tests obtained results with the value p = 0,000 <α = 0.05 then H1 accepted, meaning there is a difference in body temperature of a newborn who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and who did not succeed in Early Breastfeeding Initiation. Conclusion : There is a difference in the body temperature of a newborn between infants who successfully initiated breastfeeding and infants who are not successful in initiating early breastfeeding....Keywords : Early breastfeedinginitiation, newborns temperature

scholarly journals The Impact of Watching Television Sports Channels in Promotion of Sports Activities among the Students of University of Sargodha

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Ilmas ◽  
Shajee Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Uses And Gratification ◽  
Uses And Gratification Theory ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

This study analyzes the impact of watching television sports channels on the promotion of sports activities among the students of the University of Sargodha. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of sports channels on students. Previous researches are used to set up the concepts of the present study. In this research, a survey technique is used to collect the data. The population of the study consists of male and female students of the University of Sargodha. In this research, the Stratified and Purposive sampling technique is used, through which specification characteristics of the respondent's demographics. The study explores the impact of sports channels in the view of Uses and Gratification Theory. The data for this study is collected through the use of a well-designed questionnaire. Chi-square test and other statistical tests like ANOVA and t-Test are applied to test the hypothesis. The finding shows that more the exposure to TV sports channels more the information level of students of the University of Sargodha.

scholarly journals Kohor retrospective study: development of children age 1-3 year with history of low born weigh (LBW) infants

PUINOVAKESMAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Heni Puji Wahyuningsih ◽  
Indah Ajeng Pramesti ◽  
Endah Marianingsih Theresia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Low Born Weigh (LBW) is a baby with a birth weight <2500 grams. LBW babies are weak in fine motor skills. If toddlers' developmental disorders are not detected early it will affect the quality of life, showed the prevalence of LBW by 5.52%. The prevalence of LBW infants in Bantul Regency from 2014 to 2018 has increased. The highest LBW cases were in the Pleret Puskesmas which reached 6.23%. The high prevalence of LBW in Pleret District has made researchers interested in researching the relationship of LBW history with the development of toddlers aged 1-3 years. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of LBW history on the development of toddlers aged 1-3 years. This type of research is an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design. The sample in this study is toddlers aged 1-3 years in the district of Pleret. The independent variables of this study were the birth weight of infants and the dependent variable of development of infants aged 1-3 years. Statistical tests use the Chi-square test and relative risk. This research shows that as many as 31% of children under five with a history of LBW had inappropriate development status. The chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.016 (<0.05) which meant that there was a significant relationship between LBW history and the developmental status of toddlers. Obtained RR value of 1,250 (> 1,00), shows that toddlers with a history of LBW have a risk of experiencing developmental disorders 1.25 times greater than toddlers with normal weight history. The conclusion of this research is a there is a significant relationship between LBW history and the development of toddlers aged 1-3 years. Toddlers with an LBW history have a greater risk of developing developmental disorders compared to toddlers with normal weight history.

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