scholarly journals Plaque Size Tool: an automated plaque analysis tool for simplifying and standardising bacteriophage plaque morphology measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellina Trofimova ◽  
Paul R Jaschke
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Laboratory Automation ◽  
Plaque Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Eye Morphology ◽  
Plaque Area ◽  
Bull's Eye ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractBacteriophage plaque size measurement is essential for phage characterisation, but their manual size estimation requires a considerable amount of time and effort. In order to ease the work of phage researchers, we have developed an automated command-line application called Plaque Size Tool (PST) that can detect plaques of different morphology on the images of Petri dishes and measure plaque area and diameter. Plaque size measurements using PST showed no difference to those obtained with manual plaque size measurement in Fiji, indicating future results using PST are backwards compatible with prior measurements in the literature. PST can be applied to a range of lytic bacteriophages producing oval-shaped plaques, including bull’s-eye morphology. The application can also be used for titer calculation if most of the plaques are stand-alone. As laboratory automation becomes more commonplace, standardised and flexible open-source analytical tools like PST will be important parts of biofoundry and cloud lab bacteriophage workflows.

Abstract 102: Cd98 Modulates Atherosclerotic Plaque Morphology by Regulating Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via the P-38 Map Kinase Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara McCurdy ◽  
Yvonne Baumer ◽  
Franz Hess ◽  
William A Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Necrotic Core ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Plaque Area

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) are known to migrate and proliferate to form a stabilizing fibrous cap that encapsulates atherosclerotic plaques. It has been shown that CD98hc, a transmembrane protein with a known role in amino acid transport and integrin signaling, is involved in proliferation and survival of various cell types including SMC. Based on these data, we hypothesized that CD98hc deficiency selectively in SMC would have pathogenic effects on atherosclerosis development and plaque composition. To test this, we utilized mice with SMC-specific deletion of the CD98hc ( CD98hc fl/fl SM22Cre + ) to determine the effects of CD98hc deficiency on SMC function in the context of atherosclerosis. We performed in vitro proliferation and survival/apoptosis assays to investigate the role of CD98hc in the proliferation and survival of primary mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. We found that VSMC isolated from whole aortas of CD98hc -/- animals displayed approximately 60% reduced cell counts compared to control (41 ± 8.2% of control) after 5 days in culture. EdU assays in vivo showed a defect in the ability of CD98hc -/- SMC to proliferate, with 25% reduction in EdU-positive VSMC compared to controls (2.3 ± 0.2% vs 3 ± 0.2%). In addition, caspase-3 staining of SMC in vitro displayed a 41% increase in propensity of CD98hc -/- SMC to undergo apoptosis compared to controls (7.9 ± 0.6% vs 5.6 ± 0.5%). Furthermore, the absence of CD98hc in SMC caused a sharp increase in phosphorylated p-38, which was partially abrogated towards control levels when the cells were treated with PDGF-BB to induce proliferation. Long-term atherosclerosis study using SMC-CD98hc -/- /LDLR -/- mice showed that atherosclerotic plaque morphology was altered with increased necrotic core area (25.8 ± 1.9% vs 10.9 ± 1.6% necrotic core area per plaque area) due to a reduction in infiltration of SMC within the plaque (2.1 ± 0.4% vs 4.3 ± 0.4% SM22α positive area per plaque area) compared to control LDLR -/- mice. These data support an important role for CD98hc and its regulation of p-38 MAP kinase signaling in aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and survival. We conclude that CD98hc is critical for the formation of fibrous cap that is important in maintaining the stability of atherosclerotic plaque.

The Use of Simulations as an Analytical Tool for Payment Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Virtual Experiments ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Real Performance ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Analytical Tools

Simulations are among the analytical tools in payment systems analysis. They can be used to overcome epistemological weaknesses of models and calibrations, and they are virtual experiments that do not affect the real performance of payment systems. The chapter is intended to give an inside view into the use of simulations as an analysis tool for payment systems as well as settlement systems. Section 1 highlights the basic features of payment systems in order to explain the usefulness of, and the most important questions addressed by, simulations. Based on these features, an epistemological assessment of simulations versus other analytical tools will show the range and limits of simulations (section 2). Following the historic development, the use of simulations for functional development will be explained in section 3, before dealing with oversight aspects (section 4). Finally, in section 5, the authors list a couple of practical tools to do simulations and to discuss tendencies in simulation tools and speculate on the future direction of research.

scholarly journals A New Analysis Tool Assessment for Rotordynamic Modeling of Gas Foil Bearings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Howard ◽  
Luis San Andre´s
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Foil Bearing ◽  
Analytical Tools

Gas foil bearings offer several advantages over traditional bearing types that make them attractive for use in high-speed turbomachinery. They can operate at very high temperatures, require no lubrication supply (oil pumps, seals, etc), exhibit very long life with no maintenance, and once operating airborne, have very low power loss. The use of gas foil bearings in high-speed turbomachinery has been accelerating in recent years, although the pace has been slow. One of the contributing factors to the slow growth has been a lack of analysis tools, benchmarked to measurements, to predict gas foil bearing behavior in rotating machinery. To address this shortcoming, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has supported the development of analytical tools to predict gas foil bearing performance. One of the codes has the capability to predict rotordynamic coefficients, power loss, film thickness, structural deformation, and more. The current paper presents an assessment of the predictive capability of the code, named XLGFBTH©. A test rig at GRC is used as a simulated case study to compare rotordynamic analysis using output from the code to actual rotor response as measured in the test rig. The test rig rotor is supported on two gas foil journal bearings manufactured at GRC, with all pertinent geometry disclosed. The resulting comparison shows that the rotordynamic coefficients calculated using XLGFBTH© represent the dynamics of the system reasonably well, especially as they pertain to predicting critical speeds.

Abstract 3448: Differences in the Associations between Various Ultrasound-Based Markers of Peripheral Atherosclerosis at Carotid and Femoral Levels and Risk factors in a general Middle-Aged Population

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O Yerly ◽  
Nicolas Rodondi ◽  
Fred Paccaud ◽  
Pierre Vogt ◽  
Pascal Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Plaque Area

Introduction: Ultrasound detection of sub-clinical atherosclerosis (ATS) is a useful mean to identify subjects at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Most studies have evaluated intima-media thickness (IMT) at the carotid artery level, but plaque-based markers (plaque thickness, plaque area) as well as the femoral artery level have been proposed as valid alternatives. The superiority of one method upon the others has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to compare the relationships between five indicators of ATS (IMT, mean / maximal plaque thickness, mean / maximal plaque area) at both carotid and femoral levels and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults. Methods: High resolution B-mode ultrasound was performed in both right and left carotid and femoral arteries on 496 consecutive participants aged 45– 64 randomly selected from the general population. A plaque was defined as a focal IMT thickening ≥ 1.2 mm. CVRF included age, sex, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and diabetes. Results : All CVRF were associated, independently of age, with each of the ATS markers at femoral level but only LDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were consistently associated with ATS markers at carotid level. The table shows the adjusted R-squared values in a multivariate model with all CVRF. Variance (adjusted R 2 ) in predicting any of the ATS markers was larger at femoral than carotid levels. At both carotid and femoral levels, the CVRF accounted for more variance in predicting plaque-based markers than IMT. Conclusion: The stronger association of CVRF with ATS markers at the femoral than carotid levels and with plaque-based markers than with IMT suggest that markers assessed at femoral level and based on plaque morphology might be the most useful tools for assessing cardiovascular risk. These findings need to be confirmed in prospective studies with CV events.

Comparison of SEC and AF4 analytical tools for size estimation of typhoid Vi polysaccharides

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (37) ◽  
pp. 4851-4858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bayart ◽  
Elisa Jean ◽  
Marie Paillagot ◽  
Alexia Renoud ◽  
Alice Raillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Analytical Tools

Vi capsular polysaccharides (Vi-CPSs) and Vi conjugates are used as antigens in vaccines to protect against Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals Analysis and Design of PMBLDC Motor for Three Wheeler Electric Vehicle Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
V. Sandeep ◽  
Sharankumar Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Radial Flux ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
Permanent Magnet Brushless Dc ◽  
Analytical Tools

This paper deals with analysis and design of permanent magnet brushless dc machine (PMBLDCM), primarily aimed for three wheeler applications. The motor sizing accounts for the forces acting on the motor and the design variables such as number of stator and rotor slots, stator and rotor dimensioning, air-gap approximation, slot sizing, flux per pole and permanent magnet sizing has been explained using simplified equations. The designed motor rated at 1.5 kW, 3000 rpm, 120 V radial flux surface mounted permanent magnet rotor, is then assessed using analytical tools for design such as ANSYS’s RMXprt to verify the analytically obtained results. These results are then verified using the computer aided analysis tool, finite element analysis, using ANSYS Maxwell, to obtain the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor for further modification of design.

scholarly journals Multimodal, label-free fluorescence and Raman imaging of amyloid deposits in snap-frozen Alzheimer’s disease human brain tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lochocki ◽  
Baayla D. C. Boon ◽  
Sander R. Verheul ◽  
Liron Zada ◽  
Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Plaque Area ◽  
Amyloid Deposits

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology is characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau containing neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Normally these hallmarks are studied by (immuno-) histological techniques requiring chemical pretreatment and indirect labelling. Label-free imaging enables one to visualize normal tissue and pathology in its native form. Therefore, these techniques could contribute to a better understanding of the disease. Here, we present a comprehensive study of high-resolution fluorescence imaging (before and after staining) and spectroscopic modalities (Raman mapping under pre-resonance conditions and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)) of amyloid deposits in snap-frozen AD human brain tissue. We performed fluorescence and spectroscopic imaging and subsequent thioflavin-S staining of the same tissue slices to provide direct confirmation of plaque location and correlation of spectroscopic biomarkers with plaque morphology; differences were observed between cored and fibrillar plaques. The SRS results showed a protein peak shift towards the β-sheet structure in cored amyloid deposits. In the Raman maps recorded with 532 nm excitation we identified the presence of carotenoids as a unique marker to differentiate between a cored amyloid plaque area versus a non-plaque area without prior knowledge of their location. The observed presence of carotenoids suggests a distinct neuroinflammatory response to misfolded protein accumulations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STABILITAS MONETER PADA SISTEM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Riang Giantara ◽  
Lavlimatria Esya
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Auto Regression

<em>Bank is a financial institution that serves to raise funds and transfer back fund which has been collected to the public in the form of credit as well as providing services in traffic payment and distribution of money. Central Bank as monetary authorities have to do conventional monetary policy and monetary policy islam to effectively affect the situation the macro economy as a whole. This study aims to look at how the stability of the monetary system of Islamic banking in Indonesia. As well as how the impacts will occur on monetary instruments that are influenced by the instruments of macro. To get the results of this research purposes, then the analytical tools used in this study is the analysis tool Vector Auto Regression (VAR). The variables used in this study are as follows, the amount of money circulating in the narrow sense (M1/p), SWBI, exchange rate, and the GDP of the period 2008-2013 of September. Results of the analysis of these studies mention that monetary stability in the banking system of Sharia through the instruments of the money supply in the narrow sense is relatively stable</em>

scholarly journals ANALISIS SEKTOR UNGGULAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3A) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Elein ., Mamahit ◽  
Paulus A. Pangemanan ◽  
Charles R. Ngangi
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sector Analysis ◽  
Analytical Tools

This study aims to (1) identify the leading sectors in the economic structure of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency as information and consideration in (2) formulating regional development strategies. This study uses time series data from Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency and North Sulawesi Province in 2010 - 2016. The analysis tool used in this research is Klassen Tipology, Location Quotient (LQ), and Shift Share analysis to determine the leading sectors and SWOT analysis. The result of per sector analysis based on these three analytical tools shows that which is the leading sector in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency with criteria of advanced and fast growing sector, basic and competitive sector, there are 2 sectors: (a) agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, (b) mining and quarrying sectors. To formulate regional development strategy used SWOT analysis tool. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strategy of regional development at East Bolaang Mongondow Regency with the superior sector is in quadrant III so that the appropriate strategy is turn around strategy. The Weakness Opportunity Strategy in Quadrant III, means minimizing weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities.

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