scholarly journals Evaluation of the Weightage on Pain Management in Pharmacology Curricula of the Undergraduate Medical Program (MBBS) of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdoush ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Fatiha Tasmin Jeenia ◽  
Tasfia Momtaj Chowdhury ◽  
Halima Sadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Program ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Key Phrases

Background: Prioritizing problem-oriented undergraduate medical education is paramount to adequate management of pain in real life scenarios. The present research was conducted with an attempt to explore the important baseline information for pain medicine education and evaluation within undergraduate pharmacology curricula in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluates the curriculum (pharmacology portion of undergraduate medical curriculum), and written question (SAQ) of MBBS Examination of last ten years extending from January 2010 to November,2019 of all 7 universities offering MBBS degree. The evaluation was conducted through searching certain key phrases. Result: In Pharmacology & Therapeutics portion of the curriculum, only 4 hours and 2 hours are allocated to discuss pain management in lecture and tutorial respectively. In the study period, average marks allocated in pharmacology written question papers was 4.4 (SD = 2.7) and the difference among studied universities was not significant (p value 0.7). Conclusion: Allocated time in the curricula to teach pain management is very low and weightage received in assessment is also inadequate. Education on pain medication as well as management should receive more emphasis.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to compare the biochemical parameters in low normal versus high normal plasma glucose levels in euglycemic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Jhavar ◽  
Neha Kirti ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Vinod Verma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Since a long time ago, the experts have realized that determination of cut-off point for diagnosing diabetes will be revised over time with the lower blood glucose level as the more sensitive diagnosis for detecting the occurring complication and biochemical changes.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore from July, 2016 to August, 2017 in 200 individuals and patients having euglycemic status attending General Medicine OPD.Results: In the low and high normal group 2 (2.0%) and 8 (8.0%) were having abnormal total cholesterol (TC) level respectively. The mean total cholesterol in the low normal group was 117.16±26.94mg/dl and it was 154.74±28.38mg/dl in the high normal group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.000). In the low and high normal group, 4 (4.0%) and 17 (17.0%) were having abnormal triglyceride (TG) levels respectively. The mean TG levels in the low and high normal group were 96.93±22.64mg/dl and 110.55±32.37mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the low and high normal group, 6 (6.0%) and 14 (14.0%) patient was having abnormal uric acid levels respectively. The mean uric acid levels in the low and high normal group was 4.88±1.10mg/dl and 5.31±1.31mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.013).Conclusions: Higher levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides were found more commonly in high normal euglycemic group compared to low normal euglycemic group. Mean cholesterol and mean triglyceride levels were higher in high normal euglycemic group.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Specificity, Sensitivity and Accuracy of Goniometry Method Compared to Tape Method for Measuring Trunk Mobility in Normal Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Purvi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Normal Adults

Measurement of lumbar range of motion (LROM) is a routine method in the examination of patients with low back pain. There is no standard technique which may be used to accurately describe the range of motion in the different plane. So in present study, an attempt has been made to compare goniometric measurement with tape measurement for its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for measuring spine mobility in normal adults. In this cross sectional study, 137 healthy adults between the ages of 18-26 years of age were included consecutively and assessed using Tape method and goniometry for trunk mobility in all planes (sagittal, frontal and transverse). The association of goniometry with tape method was assessed using chi square test. The study showed that the difference between goniometry and tape method was statistically significant (p value <0.05) for all movements except flexion (p value 0.215). Also the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of goniometry is not as good as tape method except for flexion compared to tape method. So, from this study we can conclude that Goniometry was not as good as tape method for all movements except forward flexion where both can be equally used.

Exploration of pain management following implementation of WHO pain guidelines

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19646-19646
Author(s):  
S. Subongkot ◽  
S. Khounnikhom ◽  
N. Pratheepawanit Johns ◽  
A. Sookprasert
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Who Guideline

19646 Background: Pain is among the most common symptoms encountered in cancer patients and remains the first priority of care. Methods: This cross sectional study aimed to explore a pattern of pain management at KKU Hospital by utilizing a numeric rating scale (0–10). Cancer pain patients were categorized based on prior analgesic exposure into two groups; Naïve group, and Routine group. Treatments were defined according to WHO as 1) drug treatment relevant to pain severity, 2) analgesics being prescribed as around-the- clock and 3) analgesics used for break-through pain for patients receiving strong opioid. Results: From Dec 2005 to Jul 2006, 261 patients were enrolled. 93.1% (n=243) were in advanced stages and 88.5% (n=231) were in moderate to severe pain. This pain interfered with patient’s daily life activities mildly to moderately as each pain score increased (p-value<0.01). In Naive group (n=159), 32.7% (n=52) were given analgesics following the WHO on both days 1 and day 3 of admission whereas 40.2% (n=64) patients were not. A decreased pain score was greater (2.61, SD±1.5) in a group following the WHO on day 1. Additionally, a decreased pain score was greater (3.91, SD±1.8) in a group following the WHO on day 3 (p-value <0.0001). This pain score decreased was also clinically significant as pain score reduced more than 3 points. In Routine group (n=102), 32 (31.4%) were given analgesics following the WHO guideline on both day 1 and day 3 of admission. In contrast, 36 (35.3%) were not. A decreased pain score was greater (2.59, SD±1.8) in a routine group following the WHO on day 1. Moreover, a decreased pain score was greater (3.95, SD±1.8) in a group following the WHO on day 3. The clinical significance of pain score reduced was also found on day 3. Of the 261 evaluable patients, the pattern of analgesics usage following the WHO guideline was increased in both groups comparing to at the beginning of the study. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that patients who received pain management following the WHO guideline reported significantly lower pain intensity than those not following the WHO. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Maternal haemoglobin and neo-natal haemoglobin status: a hospital based study in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chaturvedi ◽  
Deepak Chaturvedi ◽  
Prita Naz Dubraj ◽  
A. K. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Iron Requirement ◽  
The Difference

Background: Haemoglobin of foetus increases with advancing gestational age. During pregnancy, fetal demand for iron increases maternal daily iron requirement from first trimester to third trimester. Late cord clamping may result in delivery of extra blood as well as iron to newborn. The cause of worry here is that maternal anaemia is a significant cause of direct and indirect morbidity and mortality both for pregnant mother and her foetus/neonate.Methods: To determine maternal and neonatal haemoglobin status we conducted a cross sectional study comprising 217 pregnant women and their children in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.Results: Mean neonatal haemoglobin in controls was 18.13±1.14 g/dl whereas that in cases was 17.21±1.38 g/dl and the difference was statistically significant. Among the 97 cases 23 mothers had babies with neonatal haemoglobin below 14g/dl. In controls only 17 out of 120 mothers had babies with neonatal haemoglobin below 14g/dl (p value<0.01).Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that the neonatal haemoglobin is lower in anemic mothers and that the decrease appears to be proportional to the degree of anemia.

scholarly journals Nurses' Stress and Anxiety in Acute and Intermediete Ward at Mental Health Hospital Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Nelvica Salny ◽  
Eka Malfasari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Stress Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analytic Design

Psychiatric health nurses work with patients who experience ineffective coping mechanisms for the illness they are experiencing. This makes psychiatric nurses often deal with patients who show different types of symptoms with behavioural problems such as violence, assault, and suicide when hospitalized for anxiety and stress for nurses. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of anxiety level and stress on nurses in acute room and intermediate room. The type of this study was quantitative with comparative analytic design using cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study were 19 acute room nurses and 90 intermediate room nurses. This research was conducted in April 2018 in the treatment room at RSJ Riau Province. The measuring tool used the DASS 42 questionnaire using anxiety and stress questionnaires. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using independent t test statistic for stress variable and Mann Whitney Test for anxiety variable. The results of this study showed there was no difference in the level of anxiety on the nurses in the acute room and intermediate room seen from p value of 0.952 (> 0.05). And there is a difference of stress level on nurses in acute room and intermediate room seen from p value 0,000 (<0,005). Based on the results of this study, nurses are expected to recognize the response level of anxiety and stress experienced by nurses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Axial Ocular Measurements with Contact and Non-contact Biometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Suhail Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Awais Afzal ◽  
Imran Khalid ◽  
Sehrish Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Graphical Presentation

Purpose:  To compare between non-contact and contact biometry for measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL). Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study:  Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June 2018 to December 2018. Material and Methods:  Eighty-four subjects, (168 non-pathological eyes) visiting the eye outpatients department were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Patients with high refractive errors and suffering from any ocular pathology were excluded from the study. CCT, ACD, LT and AL were measured with non-contact Biometer (HAAG Streit) followed by Contact Biometer (Ultrasound) after taking consent from the patient. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS-21 and Medcalc software. Normality of quantitative data was checked with Shapiro Wilk test. Independent sample t test was used for parametric variable and Mann Whitney-U test was used for non-parametric data. For the agreement between two techniques Cohen’s Kappa test used and Bland-Altman plot was drawn for graphical presentation. P-value equal or less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results:  Mean age of 84 subject (female: 45.24% and male: 54.76%) was 53.05 ± 13.56 years. The AL was significantly longer for the non-contact measurement with the difference of 0.53 ± 0.32 mm (p < 0.001). Contact pachymetry was significantly higher with the difference of 8.67 ± 20.83 µm (p = 0.046). ACD was significantly deeper for non-contact measurements with the difference of 0.51 ± 0.32 mm (p < 0.001). Contact ultrasound A-scan measured LT significantly thicker with the difference of 0.59 ± 0.56 mm (p < 0.001). Conclusion:  There is significant difference of axial ocular measurements (CCT, ACD, LT and AL) between contact (ultrasound A-scan) and non-contact (HAAG Streit) biometry (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals HYPONATREMIA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed Javid ◽  
Ayesha Ghafoor ◽  
Ifrah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in cases of hepaticencephalopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine DGKhan Hospital, DG Khan. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Total80 patients with hepatic encephalopathy either male or female were selected for this study.Hyponatremia was assessed in these selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patientswas 38.34 ± 11.140 years. Hyponatremia was found in 31 (39%) patients. Hyponatremia wasnoted in 13 (41.94%) patients of age group 18-36 years and 18 (36.73%) patients of age group37-55 years. Statistically insignificant association of hyponatremia with age was seen with pvalue 0.6467. Hyponatremia was found in 21 (40.38%) male patients and 10 (35.71%) femalepatients. But the difference of frequency of hyponatremia between male and female patients wasstatistically insignificant with p value 0.8109. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higherpercentage of hyponatremia in patients with HE. Male were more victim of HE as compared tofemale but insignificant association of hyponatremia with gender is noted. Findings of presentstudy showed that there is insignificant association of hyponatremia with grade of HE, socioeconomicstatus, area of residence and age.

scholarly journals The Difference of Serum Gastrin-17 Level Based on Gastritis Severity and Helicobacter Pylori Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269
Author(s):  
Dumawan Harris Parhusip ◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Leonardo Basa Dairi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sydney System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
H Pylori

BACKGROUND: Gastritis was defined as the histological presence of gastric mucosal inflammation. One of the most common aetiology was H. pylori. Gastrin-17 was a hormone that was secreted by G cells. H. pylori infection induced increased in gastrin-17 in gastritis. Therefore, this study was to investigate the relationship of gastrin-17 with gastritis severity and H. pylori infection. AIM: To determine the difference in serum Gastrin-17 level based on gastritis severity and H. pylori infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study enrolling 45 patients with gastritis was conducted in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital between April and July 2018. Endoscopy and biopsy examinations were performed to confirm the diagnosis of gastritis. Gastritis severity was assessed using the Updated Sydney System. The presence of H. pylori infection was detected by a Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) examination. Gastrin-17 level and demographic data were also gathered. The analysis was done using Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Serum Gastrin-17 level was significantly different based on gastritis severity (P = 0.001 according to neutrophils infiltration and P = 0.023 according to degree of atrophy), H. pylori infection (P = 0.038), and combined gastritis severity and H. pylori infection (P < 0.001). Serum Gastrin-17 level was higher in subjects with severe neutrophils infiltration, without atrophy, and with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in serum Gastrin-17 level based on gastritis severity and H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Psikomotorik Bayi 6 – 9 Bulan berdasarkan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Agus Hendra Al-Rahmad ◽  
Ika Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Score ◽  
The Difference

The growth of childhood starting from conception until the age of 18 years. The excellent quality child should be prepared as early as possible, one of them through exclusive breastfeeding, up to the age of 5 months 29 days, so that the growth and development of psychomotor perfectly. This study aims to measure the difference in motor development in infants exclusively breastfed to those not exclusively breastfed. The study was the cross-sectional study conducted in Batoh, July 2016. Samples were infants aged 6-9 months as many as 76. The collection of data is done using a form of SBC observation and interviewing the respondents. Analysis of data using Man-Whitney test Test at CI: 95%. The results showed 48,9% of infants were breastfed exclusively had a good score motor development (9,0), and showed a significant difference (p-value <0,05) than motor development in infants who are not exclusively breastfed, with a value of p = 0,000. In conclusion, the baby did not get a chance to experience exclusive breastfeeding psychomotor development standard below the average of two (2) times greater than being exclusively breastfed. Expected mothers to breastfeed their babies exclusively for a better psychomotor development. Keywords: Growth and development, psychomotor, exclusive breastfeeding, infants 6-9 months

scholarly journals Korelasi Konflik Kerja Dengan Tingkatan Stres Kerja Pada Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi Provinsi Riau Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Trisna Jayati
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Conflict ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intensive Approach ◽  
Relationship Of

Prolonged stress can have an impact on reducing concentration, nurses become irritable with patients, increase absenteeism, disrupt sleep patterns, and reduce the quality of work by providing nursing care to patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of work conflict with the level of work stress on nurses at Petala Bumi Regional General Hospital, Riau Province in 2019. The type of research used was observational with analytic cross-sectional study design. The sample in this study was 101 nurses. Data analysis was performed univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results of bivariate research variables work conflict related to the level of work stress are differences of opinion (p value = 0.002), misunderstanding (p value = 0.004), feeling disadvantaged (p value = 0.004) and feeling sensitive (p value = 0.004). Variables that have a causal relationship with work stress are differences of opinion, misunderstanding, feeling disadvantaged, sensitive feelings. The conclusion in this study is that there is a causal / multivariate relationship between differences of opinion, misunderstanding, feeling disadvantaged, feeling sensitive with an increase in work stress on nurses. It is recommended to the hospital, especially hospital management to take an intensive approach to nurses and supervise so that the source of the difference can be minimized and work that cannot be completed which can lead to disputes that cause stress.

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