scholarly journals Mechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli-induced immune response in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Matsumura ◽  
Mika Nomoto ◽  
Tomotaka Itaya ◽  
Yuri Aratani ◽  
Mizuki Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Calcium Waves ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Waterborne Infections ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Infection Timing

Perception of pathogen-derived ligands by corresponding host receptors is a pivotal strategy in eukaryotic innate immunity. In plants, this is complemented by circadian anticipation of infection timing, promoting basal resistance even in the absence of pathogen threat. Here, we report that trichomes, hair-like structures on the epidermis, directly sense external mechanical forces caused by raindrops to anticipate waterborne infections in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exposure of leaf surfaces to mechanical stimuli initiates the concentric propagation of intercellular calcium waves away from trichomes to induce defence-related genes. Propagating calcium waves enable effective immunity against pathogenic microbes through the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3 (CAMTA3) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. We propose a novel layer of plant immunity in which trichomes function as mechanosensory cells to detect potential risks.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals resistant and susceptible genes in tobacco cultivars in response to infection by Phytophthora nicotianae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Meng ◽  
Mingming Sun ◽  
Zipeng Jiang ◽  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
The Rich

AbstractPhytophthora nicotianae is highly pathogenic to Solanaceous crops and is a major problem in tobacco production. The tobacco cultivar Beihart1000-1 (BH) is resistant, whereas the Xiaohuangjin 1025 (XHJ) cultivar is susceptible to infection. Here, BH and XHJ were used as models to identify resistant and susceptible genes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Roots were sampled at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 60 h post infection. In total, 23,753 and 25,187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in BH and XHJ, respectively. By mapping upregulated DEGs to the KEGG database, changes of the rich factor of “plant pathogen interaction pathway” were corresponded to the infection process. Of all the DEGs in this pathway, 38 were specifically regulated in BH. These genes included 11 disease-resistance proteins, 3 pathogenesis-related proteins, 4 RLP/RLKs, 2 CNGCs, 7 calcium-dependent protein kinases, 4 calcium-binding proteins, 1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, 1 protein EDS1L, 2 WRKY transcription factors, 1 mannosyltransferase, and 1 calmodulin-like protein. By combining the analysis of reported susceptible (S) gene homologs and DEGs in XHJ, 9 S gene homologs were identified, which included 1 calmodulin-binding transcription activator, 1 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, 1 protein trichome birefringence-like protein, 1 plant UBX domain-containing protein, 1 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, 2 callose synthases, and 2 cellulose synthase A catalytic subunits. qRT-PCR was used to validate the RNA-seq data. The comprehensive transcriptome dataset described here, including candidate resistant and susceptible genes, will provide a valuable resource for breeding tobacco plants resistant to P. nicotianae infections.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of the CAMTA3 transcription factor triggers its destabilization and nuclear export

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyuan Jiang ◽  
Wolfgang Hoehenwarter ◽  
Dierk Scheel ◽  
Justin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Active Calcium ◽  
Target Promoters

AbstractThe calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3 (CAMTA3) is a repressor of immunity-related genes but an activator of cold-induced genes in plants. Post-transcriptional or -translational mechanisms have been proposed to control CAMTA3’s role in the crosstalk between immune and chilling responses. Here, we show that treatment with the bacterial flg22 elicitor, but not cold stress, induces a phospho-mobility shift of CAMTA3 proteins. Correspondingly, CAMTA3 is directly phosphorylated by two flg22-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MPK3 and MPK6, which triggers CAMTA3 nuclear export and destabilization. SR1IP1, a substrate E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor required for pathogen-induced CAMTA3 degradation, is shown here to be likely plasma-membrane-localized and therefore cannot physically interact with the nuclear CAMTA3. Despite the flg22-inducible re-localization of CAMTA3 to the cytoplasm, we failed to detect CAMTA3-SR1IP1 complexes. Hence, the role of SR1IP1 for CAMTA3 degradation needs to be re-evaluated. Surprisingly, flg22 elicitation can still induce nuclear export and phospho-mobility shift of a phospho-null CAMTA3 that cannot be phosphorylated by MAPKs, suggesting the participation of additional flg22-responsive kinase(s). A constitutively-active calcium-dependent protein kinase, CPK5, can stimulate a phospho-mobility shift in CAMTA3 similar to that induced by flg22. Although CPK5 can interact with CAMTA3, it did not directly phosphorylate CAMTA3, suggesting the requirement of a still unidentified downstream kinase or additional components. Overall, at least two flg22-responsive kinase pathways target CAMTA3 to induce degradation that presumably serves to remove CAMTA3 from target promoters and de-repress expression of defence genes.One sentence summaryTreatment with flg22 activates two independent kinase pathways that effect CAMTA3 phosphorylation and degradation.

scholarly journals The MEK5/ERK5 Pathway in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7594
Author(s):  
Rupesh Paudel ◽  
Lorenza Fusi ◽  
Marc Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Resistance Pathway ◽  
Stress Response Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The MEK5/ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascade is a unique signaling module activated by both mitogens and stress stimuli, including cytokines, fluid shear stress, high osmolarity, and oxidative stress. Physiologically, it is mainly known as a mechanoreceptive pathway in the endothelium, where it transduces the various vasoprotective effects of laminar blood flow. However, it also maintains integrity in other tissues exposed to mechanical stress, including bone, cartilage, and muscle, where it exerts a key function as a survival and differentiation pathway. Beyond its diverse physiological roles, the MEK5/ERK5 pathway has also been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where it has recently emerged as a major escape route, sustaining tumor cell survival and proliferation under drug stress. In addition, MEK5/ERK5 dysfunction may foster cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Here, we highlight the importance of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in health and disease, focusing on its role as a protective cascade in mechanical stress-exposed healthy tissues and its function as a therapy resistance pathway in cancers. We discuss the perspective of targeting this cascade for cancer treatment and weigh its chances and potential risks when considering its emerging role as a protective stress response pathway.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 60b plays dual roles in plant immunity

2021 ◽  
pp. 100213
Author(s):  
Weijie Huang ◽  
Zhongshou Wu ◽  
Hainan Tian ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuelin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Calmodulin Binding

scholarly journals Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) in Durio zibethinus and identification of fruit ripening-associated DzCAMTAs

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Shariq Iqbal ◽  
Lalida Sangpong ◽  
Gholamreza Khaksar ◽  
Supaart Sirikantaramas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recognition Motifs

Abstract Background Fruit ripening is an intricate developmental process driven by a highly coordinated action of complex hormonal networks. Ethylene is considered as the main phytohormone that regulates the ripening of climacteric fruits. Concomitantly, several ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) are pivotal components of the regulatory network underlying fruit ripening. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is one such ethylene-induced TF implicated in various stress and plant developmental processes. Results Our comprehensive analysis of the CAMTA gene family in Durio zibethinus (durian, Dz) identified 10 CAMTAs with conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of DzCAMTAs, positioned DzCAMTA3 with its tomato ortholog that has already been validated for its role in the fruit ripening process through ethylene-mediated signaling. Furthermore, the transcriptome-wide analysis revealed DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 as the highest expressing durian CAMTA genes. These two DzCAMTAs possessed a distinct ripening-associated expression pattern during post-harvest ripening in Monthong, a durian cultivar native to Thailand. The expression profiling of DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 under natural ripening conditions and ethylene-induced/delayed ripening conditions substantiated their roles as ethylene-induced transcriptional activators of ripening. Similarly, auxin-suppressed expression of DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 confirmed their responsiveness to exogenous auxin treatment in a time-dependent manner. Accordingly, we propose that DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 synergistically crosstalk with ethylene during durian fruit ripening. In contrast, DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 antagonistically with auxin could affect the post-harvest ripening process in durian. Furthermore, DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 interacting genes contain significant CAMTA recognition motifs and regulated several pivotal fruit-ripening-associated pathways. Conclusion Taken together, the present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the structure and probable function of CAMTA genes in the post-harvest ripening of durian.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin-binding transcription activator genes in banana under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laraib Meer ◽  
Sana Mumtaz ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad Labbo ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Khan ◽  
Irfan Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0236454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essa Ali ◽  
Mohammad Ammar Raza ◽  
Ming Cai ◽  
Nazim Hussain ◽  
Ahmad Naeem Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Survey

scholarly journals The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Plant Susceptibility to Pests: A Mini Opinion Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Coutand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Develop Environment ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Plants are subject to multiple pest attacks during their growing cycle. In order to address consumers’ desire to buy healthy vegetables and fruits, i.e., without chemical residues, and to develop environment-friendly agriculture, major research efforts are being made to find alternative methods to reduce or suppress the use of chemicals. Many methods are currently being tested. Among these methods, some are being tested in order to modify plant physiology to render it less susceptible to pathogen and pest attacks by developing plant immunity. An emerging potentially interesting method that is being studied at this time is mechanical stimuli (MS). Although the number of articles on the effect of MS on plant immunity is still not large, it has been reported that several types of mechanical stimuli induce a reduction of plant susceptibility to pests for different plant species in the case of wounding and non-wounding stimuli. This mini review aims to summarize the knowledge available at this time by raising questions that should be addressed before considering MS as an operable alternative method to increase plant immunity for crop protection.

scholarly journals Ca2+/Calmodulin Complex Triggers CAMTA Transcriptional Machinery Under Stress in Plants: Signaling Cascade and Molecular Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Shariq Iqbal ◽  
Surendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Teerapong Buaboocha
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Calcium (Ca2+) ion is a critical ubiquitous intracellular second messenger, acting as a lead currency for several distinct signal transduction pathways. Transient perturbations in free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) concentrations are indispensable for the translation of signals into adaptive biological responses. The transient increase in [Ca2+]cyt levels is sensed by an array of Ca2+ sensor relay proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), eventually leading to conformational changes and activation of CaM. CaM, in a Ca2+-dependent manner, regulates several transcription factors (TFs) that are implicated in various molecular, physiological, and biochemical functions in cells. CAMTA (calmodulin-binding transcription activator) is one such member of the Ca2+-loaded CaM-dependent family of TFs. The present review focuses on Ca2+ as a second messenger, its interaction with CaM, and Ca2+/CaM-mediated CAMTA transcriptional regulation in plants. The review recapitulates the molecular and physiological functions of CAMTA in model plants and various crops, confirming its probable involvement in stress signaling pathways and overall plant development. Studying Ca2+/CaM-mediated CAMTA TF will help in answering key questions concerning signaling cascades and molecular regulation under stress conditions and plant growth, thus improving our knowledge for crop improvement.

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