scholarly journals Trait impulsivity and response-inhibition in Parkinson Disease. An fMRI study.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Palermo ◽  
Rosalba Morese ◽  
Mario Stanziano ◽  
Maurizio Zibetti ◽  
Alberto Romagnolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Dopamine agonists and levodopa have been implicated in impulse-control disorder (ICD) development since they can induce alterations in the frontostriatal network that manage reward and mediate impulse monitoring and control. The aim the study was to explore the response-inhibition performance and the neural correlates of inhibition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients that varied on self-reported trait impulsivity. Methods: Ten cognitively non-impaired patients with PD were recruited. They underwent a neurological evaluation, a neuropsychological assessment and questionnaires on behavioral mood changes. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BISS-11) provided an integrated measure of trait impulsivity. During an fMRI acquisition, each subject was asked to perform a GO-NOGO task. Associations between BOLD response of the whole brain during the response-inhibition task and trait impulsivity were investigated. Results: Patients with greater scores on BIS-11 had greater activation of the bilateral presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), bilateral anterior insula, right anterior cingulate cortex, and right temporal parietal junction (TPJ) during response-inhibition. Moreover, a significant association between higher impulsivity scores and worse performance was present (p= 0.038). Conclusions: Our results suggest that deficit in inhibitory processes may affect everyday life, causing impulsive conduct, which is generally detrimental for PD patients. The strong association between BIS-11 scores, MPFC, pre-SMA and TPJ suggests that greater engagement of that network was needed to maintain behavioral inhibition in more impulsive PD patients. Indeed, neuroimaging of brain activity during GO-NOGO task may be useful in characterizing the clinical profile while evaluating the treatment options.

scholarly journals Peripheral arterial stiffness during electrocutaneous stimulation is positively correlated with pain-related brain activity and subjective pain intensity: an fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Tsuji ◽  
Fumiya Arikuni ◽  
Takafumi Sasaoka ◽  
Shin Suyama ◽  
Takashi Akiyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Electrocutaneous Stimulation ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

AbstractBrain activity associated with pain perception has been revealed by numerous PET and fMRI studies over the past few decades. These findings helped to establish the concept of the pain matrix, which is the distributed brain networks that demonstrate pain-specific cortical activities. We previously found that peripheral arterial stiffness $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art responds to pain intensity, which is estimated from electrocardiography, continuous sphygmomanometer, and photo-plethysmography. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art aligns with pain matrix brain activity. In this fMRI study, 22 participants received different intensities of pain stimuli. We identified brain regions in which the blood oxygen level-dependent signal covaried with $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art using parametric modulation analysis. Among the identified brain regions, the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex and ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were consistent with the pain matrix. We found moderate correlations between the average activities in these regions and $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art was also significantly correlated with self-reported pain intensity (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and applied pain intensity (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art is positively correlated with pain-related brain activity and subjective pain intensity. This study may thus represent a basis for adopting peripheral arterial stiffness as an objective pain evaluation metric.

scholarly journals Acute Alcohol Effects on Response Inhibition Depend on Response Automatization, but not on GABA or Glutamate Levels in the ACC and Striatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bensmann ◽  
Nicolas Zink ◽  
Annett Werner ◽  
Christian Beste ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Stock
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Glutamatergic Signaling ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
Response Task ◽  
And Control

Alcohol increases GABAergic signaling and decreases glutamatergic signaling in the brain. Variations in these neurotransmitter levels may modulate/predict executive functioning. Matching this, strong impairments of response inhibition are one of the most consistently reported cognitive/behavioral effects of acute alcohol intoxication. However, it has never been investigated whether baseline differences in these neurotransmitters allow to predict how much alcohol intoxication impairs response inhibition, and whether this is reflected in neurophysiological measures of cognitive control. We used MR spectroscopy to assess baseline (i.e., sober) GABA and glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum in n = 30 healthy young males, who were subsequently tested once sober and once intoxicated (1.01 permille). Inhibition was assessed with the sustained attention to response task (SART). This paradigm also allows to examine the effect of different degrees of response automatization, which is a known modulator for response inhibition, but does not seem to be substantially impaired during acute intoxication. As a neurophysiological correlate of response inhibition and control, we quantified EEG-derived theta band power and located its source using beamforming analyses. We found that alcohol-induced response inhibition deficits only occurred in the case of response automatization. This was reflected by decreased theta band activity in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), which may reflect modulations in the encoding of a surprise signal in response to inhibition cues. However, we did not find that differences in baseline (i.e., sober) GABA or glutamate levels significantly modulated differences in the size of alcohol-induced inhibition deficits.

scholarly journals Effector-independent brain network for auditory-motor integration: fMRI evidence from singing and cello playing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Segado ◽  
Robert J. Zatorre ◽  
Virginia B. Penhune
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Pitch Regulation ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMany everyday tasks share high-level sensory goals but differ in the movements used to accomplish them. One example of this is musical pitch regulation, where the same notes can be produced using the vocal system or a musical instrument controlled by the hands. Cello playing has previously been shown to rely on brain structures within the singing network for performance of single notes, except in areas related to primary motor control, suggesting that the brain networks for auditory feedback processing and sensorimotor integration may be shared (Segado et al. 2018). However, research has shown that singers and cellists alike can continue singing/playing in tune even in the absence of auditory feedback (Chen et al. 2013, Kleber et al. 2013), so different paradigms are required to test feedback monitoring and control mechanisms. In singing, auditory pitch feedback perturbation paradigms have been used to show that singers engage a network of brain regions including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula (aINS), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) when compensating for incorrect pitch feedback, and posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) when ignoring it (Zarate et al. 2005, 2008). To determine whether the brain networks for cello playing and singing directly overlap in these sensory-motor integration areas, in the present study expert cellists were asked to compensate for or ignore introduced pitch perturbations when singing/playing during fMRI scanning. We found that cellists were able to sing/play target tones, and compensate for and ignore introduced feedback perturbations equally well. Brain activity overlapped for singing and playing in IPS and SMG when compensating, and pSTG and dPMC when ignoring; differences between singing/playing across all three conditions were most prominent in M1, centered on the relevant motor effectors (hand, larynx). These findings support the hypothesis that pitch regulation during cello playing relies on structures within the singing network and suggests that differences arise primarily at the level of forward motor control.HighlightsExpert cellists were asked to compensate for or ignore introduced pitch perturbations when singing/playing during fMRI scanning.Cellists were able to sing/play target tones, and compensate for and ignore introduced feedback perturbations equally well.Brain activity overlapped for singing and playing in IPS and SMG when compensating, and pSTG and dPMC when ignoring.Differences between singing/playing across were most prominent in M1, centered around the relevant motor effectors (hand, larynx)Findings support the hypothesis that pitch regulation during cello playing relies on structures within the singing network with differences arising primarily at the level of forward motor control

Expectation and dyspnea: The neurobiological basis of respiratory nocebo effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 2003008
Author(s):  
Elke Vlemincx ◽  
Christian Sprenger ◽  
Christian Büchel
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Nocebo Effect ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nocebo Effects ◽  
Physical Resistance ◽  
And Control

Cues such as odours that do not per se evoke bronchoconstriction can become triggers of asthma exacerbations. Despite its clinical significance, the neural basis of this respiratory nocebo effect is unknown. We investigated this effect in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study involving 36 healthy volunteers. The experiment consisted of an Experience phase in which volunteers experienced dyspnea while being exposed to an odorous gas (“Histarinol”). Volunteers were told that “Histarinol” induces dyspnea by bronchoconstriction. This was compared to another odorous gas which did not evoke dyspnea. Actually, dyspnea was induced by a concealed, resistive load inserted into the breathing system. In a second, Expectation phase, Histarinol and the control gas were both followed by an identical, very mild load. Respiration parameters were continuously recorded and after each trial participants rated dyspnea intensity. Dyspnea ratings were significantly higher in Histarinol compared to control conditions, both in the Experience and in the Expectation phase, despite identical physical resistance in the Expectation phase. Insula fMRI signal matched the actual load, i.e. a significant difference between Histarinol and Control in the Experience phase, but no difference in the Expectation phase. The periaqueductal gray showed a significantly higher fMRI signal during the expectation of dyspnea. Finally, Histarinol related deactivations during the Expectation phase in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex mirror similar responses for nocebo effects in pain. These findings highlight the neural basis of expectation effects associated with dyspnea, which has important consequences for our understanding of the perception of respiratory symptoms.

Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event-Related fMRI

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 3133-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Clark ◽  
Sean Fannon ◽  
Song Lai ◽  
Randall Benson ◽  
Lance Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Anatomic Locations

Previous studies have found that the P300 or P3 event-related potential (ERP) component is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of many disorders that influence CNS function. However, the anatomic locations of brain regions involved in this response are not precisely known. In the present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, methods of stimulus presentation, data acquisition, and data analysis were optimized for the detection of brain activity in response to stimuli presented in the three-stimulus oddball task. This paradigm involves the interleaved, pseudorandom presentation of single block-letter target and distractor stimuli that previously were found to generate the P3b and P3a ERP subcomponents, respectively, and frequent standard stimuli. Target stimuli evoked fMRI signal increases in multiple brain regions including the thalamus, the bilateral cerebellum, and the occipital-temporal cortex as well as bilateral superior, medial, inferior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, precentral, postcentral, cingulate, insular, left middle temporal, and right middle frontal gyri. Distractor stimuli evoked an fMRI signal change bilaterally in inferior anterior cingulate, medial frontal, inferior frontal, and right superior frontal gyri, with additional activity in bilateral inferior parietal lobules, lateral cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, and left fusiform, middle occipital, and superior temporal gyri. Significant variation in the amplitude and polarity of distractor-evoked activity was observed across stimulus repetitions. No overlap was observed between target- and distractor-evoked activity. These event-related fMRI results shed light on the anatomy of responses to target and distractor stimuli that have proven useful in many ERP studies of healthy and clinically impaired populations.

scholarly journals Learning about threat from friends and strangers is equally effective: an fMRI study on observational fear conditioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Kazmierowska ◽  
Michal Szczepanik ◽  
Marek Wypych ◽  
Dawid Drozdziel ◽  
Artur Marchewka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Learning Stage ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Individual

Humans often benefit from social cues when learning about the world. For instance, learning about threats from others can save the individual from dangerous first-hand experiences. Familiarity is believed to increase the effectiveness of social learning, but it is not clear whether it plays a role in learning about threats. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we undertook a naturalistic approach and investigated whether there was a difference between observational fear learning from friends and strangers. Participants (observers) witnessed either their friends or strangers (demonstrators) receiving aversive (shock) stimuli paired with colored squares (observational learning stage). Subsequently, participants watched the same squares, but without receiving any shocks (direct-expression stage). We observed a similar pattern of brain activity in both groups of observers. Regions related to threat responses (amygdala, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex) and social perception (fusiform gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus) were activated during the observational phase, reflecting the fear contagion process. The anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex were also activated during the subsequent stage, indicating the expression of learned threat. Because there were no differences between participants observing friends and strangers, we argue that social threat learning is independent of the level of familiarity with the demonstrator.

Trait impulsivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Assar Mortensen ◽  
Lnge Andre Rasmussen ◽  
Asta Håberg
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Mortensen JA, Rasmussen IA, Håberg A. Trait impulsivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched controls.Objective:Impulsivity has been shown to load on two separate factors, rash impulsivity and sensitivity to reward (SR) in several factor analytic studies. The aims of the current study were to explore the nature of impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and matched controls, and the underlying neuronal correlates for rash impulsivity and SR.Methods:Fifteen females diagnosed with BPD and 15 matched controls were recruited. All completed the impulsiveness-venturesomeness scale (I7), the sensitivity to punishment (SP) - sensitivity to reward (SR) questionnaire, and performed a Go-NoGo block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm at 3T. Correlation analyses were done with I7, SP and SR scores with the level of activation in different brain areas in the whole group. An independent group t-test was used to explore any differences between the BPD group and the matched controls.Results:I7 scores correlated negatively with activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and precuneus, and bilaterally in the cingulate cortices during response inhibition for the entire sample. SP yielded negative correlations in the right superior frontal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. No activity related to response inhibition correlated to SR. The Go-NoGo task gave similar brain activity in BPD and matched controls, but behaviourally the BPD group had significantly more commission errors in the NoGo blocks. The BPD group had increased I7 and SP scores indicating rash impulsiveness combined with heightened SP.Conclusion:These results imply that successful impulse inhibition involves interaction between the impulsive and the emotional systems. Furthermore, impulsivity in BPD is described as rash impulsivity, coexisting with increased SP.

scholarly journals Brain–computer interface technologies for monitoring and control of bionic systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2058 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
R M Berestov ◽  
E A Bobkov ◽  
V S Belov ◽  
A V Nevedin
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Set Systems ◽  
Character Set ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract At the moment, neurocomputer interfaces (BCI) make it possible to implement on their basis devices for diagnosing a physical condition, implementing control systems for bionic prostheses, information input means such as neuro chat and character set systems based on brain potentials. At the moment, the main technology for obtaining brain activity for neurointerfaces is the electroencephalogram (EEG). There are promising technologies that will make it possible to achieve new results in the field of neurointerfaces. These technologies are functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).

scholarly journals Neurocognitive predictors of treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up in multiproblem young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1121
Author(s):  
M. E. Van der Sluys ◽  
J. Zijlmans ◽  
A. Popma ◽  
P. H. Van der Laan ◽  
E. J. A. Scherder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

Abstract Previous research has shown an association between cognitive control deficits and problematic behavior such as antisocial behavior and substance use, but little is known about the predictive value of cognitive control for treatment outcome. The current study tests whether selected markers of baseline cognitive control predict (1) treatment completion of a day treatment program involving a combination of approaches for multiproblem young adults and (2) daytime activities a year after the start of treatment, over and above psychological, social, and criminal characteristics. We assessed individual, neurobiological, and neurobehavioral measures, including functional brain activity during an inhibition task and two electroencephalographic measures of error processing in 127 male multiproblem young adults (age 18–27 years). We performed two hierarchical regression models to test the predictive power of cognitive control for treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up. The overall models did not significantly predict treatment completion or daytime activities at follow-up. However, activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during response inhibition, years of regular alcohol use, internalizing problems, and ethnicity were all significant individual predictors of daytime activity at follow-up. In conclusion, cognitive control could not predict treatment completion or daytime activities a year after the start of treatment over and above individual characteristics. However, results indicate a direct association between brain activity during response inhibition and participation in daytime activities, such as work or school, after treatment. As adequate baseline inhibitory control is associated with a positive outcome at follow-up, this suggests interventions targeting cognitive control might result in better outcomes at follow-up.

Second-language proficiency modulates the brain language control network in bilingual translators: an event-related fMRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mouthon ◽  
Asaid Khateb ◽  
François Lazeyras ◽  
Alan J. Pegna ◽  
Hannelore Lee-Jahnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Resource Needs ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Language Selection ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn bilinguals, language proficiency has been advanced to influence the involvement of domain-general control networks in language selection. We assessed, in university student translators with moderate- to high-second language (L2) proficiency depending on their translation educational level, the functional activity in the key language and control areas (the caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex), during task- and language-selection in an oral production context. We found that L2 proficiency influenced the relative involvement of our regions of interest during language selection vs domain-general cognitive control processes. While the left middle frontal and left caudate areas were more involved during linguistic than alphanumeric task selection in the low L2 proficiency group, these regions were similarly involved in both tasks in the high-L2 proficiency group. These findings suggest that language selection relies primarily on a network within domain-general cognitive control system with an increase in resource needs when L2 proficiency is low.

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