scholarly journals PET by MRI: Glucose Imaging by 13C-MRS without Dynamic Nuclear Polarization by Noise Suppression through Tensor Decomposition Rank Reduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Brender ◽  
Shun Kishimoto ◽  
Hellmut Merkle ◽  
Galen Reed ◽  
Ralph E. Hurd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tensor Decomposition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is one of the defining features of cancer and abnormal metabolism is associated with many other pathologies. Molecular imaging techniques capable of detecting such changes have become essential for cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance. In particular, 18F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET has emerged as an essential imaging modality for cancer because of its unique ability to detect a disturbed molecular pathway through measurements of glucose uptake. However, FDG-PET has limitations that restrict its usefulness in certain situations and the information gained is limited to glucose uptake only. 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy theoretically has certain advantages over FDG-PET, but its inherent low sensitivity has restricted its use mostly to single voxel measurements. We show here a new method of imaging glucose metabolism in vivo that relies on a simple, but robust and efficient, post-processing procedure by the higher dimensional analog of singular value decomposition, tensor decomposition. Using this procedure, we achieve an order of magnitude increase in signal to noise in both dDNP and non-hyperpolarized non-localized experiments without sacrificing accuracy. In CSI experiments an approximately 30-fold increase was observed, enough that the glucose to lactate conversion indicative of the Warburg effect can be imaged without hyper-polarization with a time resolution of 12 s and an overall spatial resolution that compares favorably to 18F-FDG PET.

scholarly journals Pan-cancer imaging of TERT expression using deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based assessment of pyruvate metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Batsios ◽  
Celine Taglang ◽  
Meryssa Tran ◽  
Nicholas Stevers ◽  
Carter Barger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tert Expression ◽  
Pan Cancer

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression is indispensable for tumor immortality. Non-invasive methods of imaging TERT can, therefore, report on tumor proliferation and response to therapy. Here, we show that TERT expression is associated with elevated levels of the redox metabolite NADH in multiple cancers, including glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanistically, TERT acts via the metabolic regulator FOXO1 to upregulate nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, which is the key enzyme for NADH biosynthesis. Importantly, deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2H-MRS), which is a novel, clinically translatable metabolic imaging modality, can be leveraged for imaging TERT-linked NADH in preclinical tumor models in vivo. Since NADH is essential for pyruvate flux to lactate, 2H-MRS following administration of 2H-labeled pyruvate non-invasively visualizes TERT expression and reports on early response to therapy. Collectively, our study provides insights into the mechanisms of TERT-linked metabolic reprogramming and, importantly, establishes 2H-MRS as a pan-cancer strategy for imaging tumor immortality.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Biodegradable Implants and Related Tissue Biomarkers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Leon Riehakainen ◽  
Chiara Cavallini ◽  
Paolo Armanetti ◽  
Daniele Panetta ◽  
Davide Caramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging

Non-invasive longitudinal imaging of osseointegration of bone implants is essential to ensure a comprehensive, physical and biochemical understanding of the processes related to a successful implant integration and its long-term clinical outcome. This study critically reviews the present imaging techniques that may play a role to assess the initial stability, bone quality and quantity, associated tissue remodelling dependent on implanted material, implantation site (surrounding tissues and placement depth), and biomarkers that may be targeted. An updated list of biodegradable implant materials that have been reported in the literature, from metal, polymer and ceramic categories, is provided with reference to the use of specific imaging modalities (computed tomography, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging) suitable for longitudinal and non-invasive imaging in humans. The advantages and disadvantages of the single imaging modality are discussed with a special focus on preclinical imaging for biodegradable implant research. Indeed, the investigation of a new implant commonly requires histological examination, which is invasive and does not allow longitudinal studies, thus requiring a large number of animals for preclinical testing. For this reason, an update of the multimodal and multi-parametric imaging capabilities will be here presented with a specific focus on modern biomaterial research.

scholarly journals An investigation of arterial insufficiency in the rat hindlimb Correlation of skeletal muscle bloodflow and glucose utilization in vivo

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Challiss ◽  
D J Hayes ◽  
G K Radda
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Stimulation

Muscle bloodflow and the rate of glucose uptake and phosphorylation were measured in vivo in rats 7 days after unilateral femoral artery ligation and section. Bloodflow was determined by using radiolabelled microspheres. At rest, bloodflow to the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles of the ligated limb was similar to their respective mean contralateral control values; however, bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz caused a less pronounced hyperaemic response in the muscles of the ligated limb, being 59, 63 and 49% of their mean control values in the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles respectively. The rate of glucose utilization was determined by using the 2-deoxy[3H]glucose method [Ferré, Leturque, Burnol, Penicaud & Girard (1985) Biochem. J. 228, 103-110]. At rest, the rate of glucose uptake and phosphorylation was statistically significantly increased in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the ligated limb, being 126 and 140% of the mean control values respectively. Bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz caused a 3-5-fold increase in the rate of glucose utilization by the ligated and contralateral control limbs; furthermore, the rate of glucose utilization was significantly increased in the muscles of the ligated limb, being 140, 129 and 207% of their mean control values respectively. For the range of bloodflow to normally perfused skeletal muscle at rest or during isometric contraction determined in the present study, a linear correlation between the rate of glucose utilization and bloodflow can be demonstrated. Applying similar methods of regression analysis to glucose utilization and bloodflow to muscles of the ligated limb reveals a similar linear correlation. However, the rate of glucose utilization at a given bloodflow is increased in muscles of the ligated limb, indicating an adaptation of skeletal muscle to hypoperfusion.

scholarly journals Tracking Transplanted Stem Cells Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Nanoparticle Labeling Method in Urology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Heon Kim ◽  
Hong J. Lee ◽  
Yun Seob Song
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging

A reliablein vivoimaging method to localize transplanted cells and monitor their viability would enable a systematic investigation of cell therapy. Most stem cell transplantation studies have used immunohistological staining, which does not provide information about the migration of transplanted cellsin vivoin the same host. Molecular imaging visualizes targeted cells in a living host, which enables determining the biological processes occurring in transplanted stem cells. Molecular imaging with labeled nanoparticles provides the opportunity to monitor transplanted cells noninvasively without sacrifice and to repeatedly evaluate them. Among several molecular imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution and sensitivity of transplanted cells. MRI is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality with excellent image resolution for studying cellular dynamics. Several types of nanoparticles including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles have been used to magnetically label stem cells and monitor viability by MRI in the urologic field. This review focuses on the current role and limitations of MRI with labeled nanoparticles for tracking transplanted stem cells in urology.

scholarly journals Focal changes in brain energy and phospholipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Jensen ◽  
Jodi Miller ◽  
Peter C. Williamson ◽  
Richard W J. Neufeld ◽  
Ravi S. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Membrane Breakdown ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundMembrane phospholipid and high-energy abnormalities measured with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia in several brain regions.AimsUsing improved imaging techniques, previously inaccessible brain regions were examined in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy volunteers with 4.0 T 31P-MRS.MethodBrain spectra were collected in vivo from 15 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers from 15 cm3 effective voxels in the thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus, anterior/posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex and parieto-occipital cortex.ResultsPeople with first-episode schizophrenia showed increased levels of glycerophosphocholine in the anterior cingulate. Inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were also increased in the anterior cingulate in this group.ConclusionsThe increased phosphodiester and high-energy phosphate levels in the anterior cingulate of brains of people with first-episode schizophrenia may indicate neural overactivity in this region during the early stages of the illness, resulting in increased excitotoxic neural membrane breakdown.

scholarly journals In vivo imaging techniques: a new era for histochemical analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Busato ◽  
P. Fumene Feruglio ◽  
P.P. Parnigotto ◽  
P. Marzola ◽  
A. Sbarbati
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In vivo imaging techniques can be integrated with classical histochemistry to create an actual histochemistry of water. In particular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), an imaging technique primarily used as diagnostic tool in clinical/preclinical research, has excellent anatomical resolution, unlimited penetration depth and intrinsic soft tissue contrast. Thanks to the technological development, MRI is not only capable to provide morphological information but also and more interestingly functional, biophysical and molecular. In this paper we describe the main features of several advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and MRI with contrast agent as a useful support to classical histochemistry.

scholarly journals Modern Trends in Imaging V: Optical Coherence Tomography for Rapid Tissue Screening and Directed Histological Sectioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woonggyu Jung ◽  
Stephen A. Boppart
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional

In pathology, histological examination of the “gold standard” to diagnose various diseases. It has contributed significantly toward identifying the abnormalities in tissues and cells, but has inherent drawbacks when used for fast and accurate diagnosis. These limitations include the lack ofin vivoobservation in real time and sampling errors due to limited number and area coverage of tissue sections. Its diagnostic yield also varies depending on the ability of the physician and the effectiveness of any image guidance technique that may be used for tissue screening during excisional biopsy. In order to overcome these current limitations of histology-based diagnostics, there are significant needs for either complementary or alternative imaging techniques which perform non-destructive, high resolution, and rapid tissue screening. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality which allows real-time cross-sectional imaging with high resolutions that approach those of histology. OCT could be a very promising technique which has the potential to be used as an adjunct to histological tissue observation when it is not practical to take specimens for histological processing, when large areas of tissue need investigating, or when rapid microscopic imaging is needed. This review will describe the use of OCT as an image guidance tool for fast tissue screening and directed histological tissue sectioning in pathology.

[11C]Choline-PET imaging of breast cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1110-1110
Author(s):  
L. M. Kenny ◽  
R. C. Coombes ◽  
K. Contractor ◽  
J. Stebbing ◽  
A. Al-Nahhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Breast Tumour ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Choline Uptake ◽  
Choline Pet ◽  
Arterial Plasma

1110 Background: Molecular imaging techniques are increasingly being used in cancer diagnosis, staging, and assessment of response to treatment. This study sought to evaluate, for the first time, [11C]choline-PET in patients with breast cancer. The potential of [11C]choline-PET for differentiating tumours from normal tissue, correlation with molecular markers, determine its normal variability range, and finally the effect of trastuzumab on [11C]choline uptake in patients with breast cancer was investigated. Methods: 21 patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent breast cancer AJCC stage II-IV were enrolled in the study, all of whom had a baseline dynamic [11C]choline-PET scan with arterial sampling. 14 patients had 2 [11C]choline-PET scans to examine reproducibility, and 7 had a scan after trastuzumab. Analysis of [11C]choline uptake was measured using SUV, Ki (irreversible retention), and IRF@60min (retention using spectral analysis). Results: Breast tumour lesions were visualised by [11C]choline PET in all patients. The difference in tumour and non-tumour uptake were significant for SUV, Ki, and IRF@60 min (Wilcoxon p < 0.0001 for all parameters). [11C]choline uptake was reproducible in breast tumour lesions (r2 = 0.945 for SUV, 0.894 for Ki, and 0.799 for IRF60). The metabolism analysis of arterial plasma samples in 19 patients showed that [11C]choline decreased rapidly post-injection such that at 60 mins the mean radioactivity in arterial plasma due to choline was 15.15 ± 2.16%.Early responses to trastuzumab were determined to be significant in 5 lesions which corresponded with 3 clinical responses. Conclusions: [11C]choline-PET is a promising imaging modality in breast cancer, and could play an important role for determining response to novel treatment strategies in vivo. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Gout and pseudo-gout-related crystals promote GLUT1-mediated glycolysis that governs NLRP3 and interleukin-1β activation on macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1506-1514
Author(s):  
Felix Renaudin ◽  
Lucie Orliaguet ◽  
Florence Castelli ◽  
François Fenaille ◽  
Aurelie Prignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Gout Flare

ObjectiveMacrophage activation by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals mediates an interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent inflammation during gout and pseudo-gout flare, respectively. Since metabolic reprogramming of macrophages goes along with inflammatory responses dependently on stimuli and tissue environment, we aimed to decipher the role of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the IL-1β-induced microcrystal response.MethodsBriefly, an in vitro study (metabolomics and real-time extracellular flux analysis) on MSU and CPP crystal-stimulated macrophages was performed to demonstrate the metabolic phenotype of macrophages. Then, the role of aerobic glycolysis in IL-1β production was evaluated, as well in vitro as in vivo using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging and glucose uptake assay, and molecular approach of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibition.ResultsWe observed that MSU and CPP crystals led to a metabolic rewiring toward the aerobic glycolysis pathway explained by an increase in GLUT1 plasma membrane expression and glucose uptake on macrophages. Also, neutrophils isolated from human synovial fluid during gout flare expressed GLUT1 at their plasma membrane more frequently than neutrophils isolated from bloodstream. Both glucose deprivation and treatment with either 2-deoxyglucose or GLUT1 inhibitor suppressed crystal-induced NLRP3 activation and IL-1β production, and microcrystal inflammation in vivo.ConclusionIn conclusion, we demonstrated that GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake is instrumental during the inflammatory IL-1β response induced by MSU and CPP crystals. These findings open new therapeutic paths to modulate crystal-related inflammation.

Unraveling the metabolome in prostate tumorigenesis: Effects by an oncogenic isopeptidase

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16148-e16148
Author(s):  
C. Priolo ◽  
M. Loda
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Prostate Tumorigenesis

e16148 Background: Cancer cells undergo fundamental changes in their metabolism, including a higher rate of glycolysis and an increase in de novo fatty acid synthesis. The high incorporation of glucose into tumor cells has already been exploited in cancer diagnostics with the generation of the FDG-PET scan technology. However, some tumors including those arising in the prostate are less prone to FDG-PET imaging and could benefit from other imaging techniques based on alternative metabolic features. We asked whether prostate epithelial cell transformation driven by specific oncogenes results in a typical metabolic profiling, whose characterization may be useful to improve diagnostics and to address new therapeutics. Methods: Normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1 and PrEC) were transformed by overexpressing known oncogenes, such as the protein kinase AKT1 and the de-ubiquitinating enzyme (isopeptidase) USP2a. These cells were then subjected to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, gene expression analysis, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake assays. Multiple bioinformatic tools were utilized for data mining and pathway visualization. Results: We integrated data from different high-throughput technologies to map metabolic changes induced during prostate tumorigenesis by genes that are often altered in prostate cancer. A different metabolic profiling was found in association to each specific oncogene. In fact, extremely significant alterations were found in the glycolytic pathways in the case of AKT-driven transformation, whereas changes in the lipid metabolism and in some aminoacids were prevalent in USP2a-overexpressing cells. Complementary assays including oxygen consumption and glucose uptake measurement confirmed the global metabolic analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest that tumors showing different genetic alterations may be characterized by a different metabolic profiling, whose assessment can potentially improve diagnostics and individualized treatment. Metabolic profiling analysis of human prostate tumors is currently ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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