scholarly journals Patterns and perceptions of cannabis use with physical activity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon K. Lisano ◽  
Kristina T. Phillips ◽  
Jeremy D. Smith ◽  
Matthew J. Barnes ◽  
Laura K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractBackground and AimsPast research has shown that cannabis use is common among adults in the U.S. In addition, physical activity (PA), such as exercise, is often a component of many American’s daily routines. Anecdotal information suggests that a subset of individuals use cannabis in conjunction with PA, but the evidence base is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, methods of ingestion, strain types, and timing (before, during or after) of cannabis use in combination with PA. We also sought to better understand the types of PA that cannabis is being used with and reasons why individuals may use cannabis with PA.Methods and ResultsA brief survey was developed and was administered online to community residents (N = 105) who reported use of cannabis with PA. Analysis of survey responses revealed that participants were using cannabis in combination with a wide range of physical activities. While cannabis use was reported before, during, and after PA, the majority of participants (92%) reported use of cannabis before PA. Most participants (77%) believed that the use of cannabis products with their PA had a positive effect on their performance. The strain of cannabis used with PA was dependent on timing of cannabis use before, during, or after PA. Although participants reported a range of reasons for using cannabis before, during, or after PA, pain management was the only reason reported across all time periods.ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest that there is a sub-community of physically active individuals using cannabis with their PA, many who believe that cannabis use has a positive effect on their performance.

Habitual physical activity facilitates stress-induced HSP72 induction in brain, peripheral, and immune tissues

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. R520-R530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Campisi ◽  
Ted H. Leem ◽  
Ben N. Greenwood ◽  
Michael K. Hansen ◽  
Albert Moraska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immune Tissues ◽  
Damaging Effects

The mechanism(s) for how physically active organisms are resistant to many damaging effects of acute stressor exposure is unknown. Cellular induction of heat-shock proteins (e.g., HSP72) is one successful strategy used by the cell to survive the damaging effects of stress. It is possible, therefore, that the stress-buffering effect of physical activity may be due to an improved HSP72 response to stress. Thus the purpose of the current study was to determine whether prior voluntary freewheel running facilitates the stress-induced induction of HSP72 in central (brain), peripheral, and immune tissues. Adult male Fischer 344 rats were housed with either a mobile running wheel (Active) or a locked, immobile wheel [sedentary (Sed)] for 8 wk before stressor exposure. Rats were exposed to either inescapable tail-shock stress (IS; 100 1.6-mA tail shocks, 5-s duration, 60-s intertrial interval), exhaustive exercise stress (EXS; treadmill running to exhaustion), or no stress (controls). Blood, brain, and peripheral tissues were collected 2 h after stressor termination. The kinetics of HSP72 induction after IS was determined in cultured mesenteric lymph node cells. Activation of the stress response was verified by measuring serum corticosterone (RIA). Tissue and cellular HSP72 content were measured using HSP72 ELISA in cell lysates. Both Active and Sed rats had elevated levels of serum corticosterone after stress. In contrast, Active but not Sed rats exposed to IS and/or EXS had elevated HSP72 in dorsal vagal complex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, pituitary, adrenal, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and heart. In addition, Active rats exposed to IS demonstrated a faster induction of lymphocyte HSP72 compared with Sed rats. Thus Active rats responded to stress with both greater and faster HSP72 responses compared with Sed rats. These results indicate that previous physical activity potentiates HSP72 expression after a wide range of stressors. Facilitated induction of HSP72 may contribute to the increased stress resistance previously reported in physically active organisms.

scholarly journals Students’ Emotional Experience in Physical Education—A Qualitative Study for New Theoretical Insights

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Leisterer ◽  
Darko Jekauc
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Belonging

Physical education (PE) can be the starting point for many students to be physically active throughout their lives. Positive emotional experiences in PE are discussed as beneficial for long-term physical activity, however, triggers of students’ emotions are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore, from a student’s perspective, emotions and their triggers, which occur in PE classes. N = 12 students (male: six, female: six, ø-age: 15.6 ± 1.2 years) have been interviewed using a focused semi-structured interview to identify their emotions in PE and to explore the situations in which they occurred. An inductive approach with elements of the Grounded Theory Method was implemented to analyze the data. Students reported a wide range of positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, four crucial triggers were identified: (I) Attractiveness of the task, (II) social belonging, (III) competence and (IV) autonomy. Parallels to existing theories, especially the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), will be discussed. These results can be used to improve teachers’ knowledge about students’ emotions in PE in order to build a basis for lifelong physical activity.

scholarly journals Eight Investments That Work for Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Karen Milton ◽  
Nick Cavill ◽  
Anna Chalkley ◽  
Charlie Foster ◽  
Sjaan Gomersall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Sport And Recreation

Background: The International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH) is a leading global organization working to advance research, policy, and practice to promote physical activity. Given the expanding evidence base on interventions to promote physical activity, it was timely to review and update a major ISPAH advocacy document—Investments that Work for Physical Activity (2011). Methods: Eight investment areas were agreed upon through consensus. Literature reviews were conducted to identify key evidence relevant to policymakers in each sector or setting. Results: The 8 investment areas were as follows: whole-of-school programs; active transport; active urban design; health care; public education; sport and recreation; workplaces; and community-wide programs. Evidence suggests that the largest population health benefit will be achieved by combining these investments and implementing a systems-based approach. Conclusions: Establishing consensus on ‘what works’ to change physical activity behavior is a cornerstone of successful advocacy, as is having appropriate resources to communicate key messages to a wide range of stakeholders. ISPAH has created a range of resources related to the new investments described in this paper. These resources are available in the ‘advocacy toolkit’ on the ISPAH website (www.ispah.org/resources).

scholarly journals Physical activity in prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrovic-Oggiano ◽  
Vlasta Damjanov ◽  
Mirjana Gurinovic ◽  
Marija Glibetic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Ideal Bodyweight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect

Introduction There is evidence that physical activity decreases the degree of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries in persons who are physically active by modifying the chemistry and metabolism of lipoproteins. The effect of physical activity on the lipid status is achieved by affecting the enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism including the lipoprotein and liver lipase and transport protein of cholesterol esters. Epidemiological investigations on the effect of physical activity in prevention of cardiovascular diseases point to the fact that the persons who have a higher degree of cardio-respiratory endurance have a much lower mortality rate than those with a lower degree. The positive effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system is reflected on the improved aerobic capacity, metabolic function, amplification of lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, immunological functions; it increases the perfusion of myocardium and the fibrinolytic activity, and reduces the adherence of thrombocytes due to increased synthesis of prostaglandin (PGI2), it also enhances the energy consumption, which is important in the maintenance of ideal bodyweight, prevention and treatment of obesity, and it has a positive effect on the control of stress. Conclusion With respect to the effects on the lipid status, aerobic physical exercises like running, swimming, cycling, with the intensity of training of a medium (65% VO2) load, have a positive effect on lipid status. The best form of physical activity is the one in which the endurance and power are increased.

scholarly journals Can Academic Success Come from Five Minutes of Physical Activity?

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julienne K. Maeda ◽  
Lynn M. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Math Fluency ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Small Positive Effect

Being physically active helps not only in the areas of health and fitness, but also in the area of academics, more specifically, mathematics. Brain-based teaching can play a large role in enhancing student learning through the use of movement, in particular, a short running activity on math fluency in addition problems. Could five minutes of a moderate to vigorous activity have any effect on students’ addition fluency? The purpose of this article is to share with readers the effects of infusing a short physical activity into an already busy day. Two primary findings were gleaned from this study. First, although there was a small positive effect on math fluency, there was no negative effect. Second, positive changes in students’ behavior were noted by the classroom teacher.

scholarly journals The Influence of Physical Activity on the Quality of Life During Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Dudonienė ◽  
Rasa Vaškevičiūtė ◽  
Rolandas Kesminas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Positive Effect

Pregnancy sets new and higher demands for woman’s body. There are changes in almost all functions of organs and systems, and metabolism during pregnancy. These changes are physiological and the body adapts to the new conditions. Many organs and systems start functioning pathologically, and pregnant body starts to react abnormally to various external and internal stimuli. Physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure higher than resting; physical activity is indicatedby the average energy expenditure a day, a week, and is defined by metabolic equivalent (MET) [1]), fully affects and strengthens woman’s body, increases the physiological capacities, activates the work of all systems, and ensures the normal course of pregnancy by improving maternal cardiovascular condition, activating placental blood flow, oxygen transport, improving fetal metabolism. Physical activity has been proved to have positive effect on different systems of human body. The death-rate in pregnant women resulting from hypertension is the second cause after embolism. Preeclampsia is one of the hypertension-related failures which affects 3 to 5% of the pregnant women [2]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of physical activity on the quality of life (quality of sleep, headache, right side pain, physical and psychological fatigue), blood pressure, and body mass index in physically active and inactive women during 20–35 weeks of pregnancy. It was found that the quality of sleep during 20–25–30–35 weeks of pregnancy was significantly higher and headache and right side pain, as well as, blood pressure, and body mass index were significantly lower in physically active women compared to inactive women. Conclusion. Physical activity during pregnancy had a positive effect on antenatal arterial blood pressure, body mass index and the quality of life during 20–35 weeks of pregnancy.Keywords: pregnancy, physical activity, quality of life, blood pressure, body mass index.

Social Psychology and Physical Activity: A Senior Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Diane L. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical View ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society

In taking a senior perspective, the author first steps back and offers an historical view and then offers her senior advice for moving forward. When the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA) was in its infancy (early 1970s), the psychology subarea was known as social psychology and physical activity, and our research largely followed social psychology theories and research methods. In subsequent developing years, our research split into sport psychology and exercise psychology, with more focused research lines that moved away from social psychology and physical activity. While the more focused research builds our evidence base, that research has little impact on the wide range of participants and professionals. To have greater impact, we can reclaim the “social,” and we can take a more inclusive view of physical activity. We must recognize and highlight the powerful and complex role of “social” context and relationships and directly engage with professionals and participants in those real-world settings. We need more scholars who partner with other (nonacademic) professionals, teach those future professionals, and engage with their community and the public to enhance our real-world impact.

scholarly journals Carrying out Physical Activity as Part of the Active Forests Programme in England: What Encourages, Supports and Sustains Activity?—A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5118
Author(s):  
Liz O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Wide Range

The Active Forests programme was developed through a partnership between Forestry England and Sport England. A three-year pilot programme focused on five forest sites ran from 2014. It was mainstreamed in April 2017 and is now running on eighteen forest sites in England in 2019. The aim of the programme is to encourage a physical activity habit, and participants can get involved in a wide range of activities from Nordic walking to mountain biking, Pilates, running, and Bootcamp in different scenic forests. The aim of the research was to identify the motivations, benefits and the overall experience participants had from their forest physical activity. As part of the programme, qualitative data was gathered through in-situ participant observation, and interviews or focus groups. One hundred and twenty people were involved in the research. The findings identify some of the key elements of the programme that encourage, support and in some instances help to sustain or change physical activity. These include participants gaining a wide range of wellbeing benefits; appropriate targeted activities; opportunities for progression; social connections; providing challenge; and a supportive atmosphere. There is evidence of participants sustaining and changing physical activity practices, however attribution of this to the Active Forests programme is not straightforward. The programme is also explored through the lens of social practice theory and its concepts of materials, competence, and meanings. The research highlights how a targeted physical activity programme can reach and involve a broad range of people from the already physically active to those who are less active.

scholarly journals The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Movement Restrictions on Self-Reported Physical Activity and Health in New Zealand: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Meiring ◽  
Silmara Gusso ◽  
Eloise McCullough ◽  
Lynley Bradnam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Positive Effect

This study describes self-reported physical activity (PA), motivation to exercise, physical and mental health and feelings towards PA during the March-May 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand. Adults over the age of 18 years (n = 238; 80.2% female) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 3, the Short Form-36 and open-ended questions about PA through an anonymous online survey. Regular exercise was undertaken by 85% of respondents prior to lockdown, but only 49.8% were able to maintain their usual level of PA. Although respondents were considered sufficiently physically active from the IPAQ, 51.5% reported not being able to maintain their usual level of PA primarily due to the closure of their gym facilities. Sixty percent of respondents reported that PA had a positive effect on their overall wellbeing. When asked to specify which aspects of wellbeing were affected, the effect on mental health was reported the most while the effect on body image or fitness was reported the least. Strategies to increase or maintain engagement in physical activity during lockdowns should be encouraged to promote positive mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A National Plan for Physical Activity: The Enabling Role of the Built Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. S186-S195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Frank ◽  
Sarah Kavage
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Wide Range

Background:Evidence shows significant relationships between aspects of the built environment and physical activity. Land use and transportation investments are needed to create environments that support and promote physical activity.Methods:The policy relevance of recent evidence on the built environment and physical activity is discussed, along with an assessment of near, medium, and longer term pricing and regulatory actions that could be considered to promote physical activity. These actions are evaluated based on their consistency with the current evidence on what would support and promote physical activity.Results:A wide range of pricing and regulatory strategies are presented that would promote physical activity. There is an unmet demand for activity friendly, walkable environments. Creating more walkable places is an essential component of a national plan to increase physical activity levels of Americans.Conclusions:The built environment is an enabler or disabler of physical activity. Creating more walkable environments is an essential step in averting what is currently a market failure where the supply and demand for walkable environments is misaligned. The desire to be more physically active would be supported through investments in walking, biking, and transit. Concentration of development within existing urban areas supported by transit and implementing pricing strategies can support physical activity.

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