FINANCING: AN IMPEDIMENT TO EXPORTING BY SMALL AND MEDIUM FIRMS

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie E. Mahone
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Medium Firms ◽  
Foreign Buyer

The purpose of this study, based on a survey of 354 Florida companies, was to identify and assess the importance of factors that limit exports, with particular focus on the different types of export financing that were the most difficult to obtain. Statistical analysis was used to determine the significance of responses given by different sized firms. Four of the top five factors that limited the ability to export were related either to the unavailability of export financing or the lack of available information on export opportunities. Foreign buyer credit and various unsecured loans were the most difficult to obtain. Public and private policymakers should reevaluate their export promotion programs and make the changes necessary to eliminate the various obstacles to exporting.

Statistical Analsysis to Evaluate Heavy Metal Pollution in the Air Obatained by Moss Technique in Hanoi and its Surrounding Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3SI) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
N. H. Quyet ◽  
Le Hong Khiem ◽  
V. D. Quan ◽  
T. T. T. My ◽  
M. V. Frontasieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Potential Pollution

The aim of this paper was the application of statistical analysis including principal component analysis to evaluate heavy metal pollution obtained by moss technique in the air of Ha Noi and its surrounding areas and to evaluate potential pollution sources. The concentrations of 33 heavy metal elements in 27 samples of Barbula Indica moss in the investigated region collected in December of 2016 in the investigated area have been examined using multivariate statistical analysis. Five factors explaining 80% of the total variance were identified and their potential sources have been discussed.

Households Discrimination in School Enrolment in Pakistan: Does gender matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Imad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study uses Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey 2016 to study gender discrimination in school enrollment across the four provinces of Pakistan using bi-variate analysis. Results show that there is highly significant difference between male and female education in rural areas (x^2=4940.50 and p<0.05). Analysis indicate that gender disparity in enrollment is significantly higher in low income households (x^2=115.468 and P<0.05). The study also showed that as compared to male, fewer female are enrolled in both public and private sectors. Hence, socio-economic factors play important role in making decision about children enrollment in different types of school. The study recommends that government to take appropriate steps to reduce gender discrimination in school enrollment by offering subsidy on female education in the country.

scholarly journals Advances in Forest Robotics: A State-of-the-Art Survey

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Luiz F. P. Oliveira ◽  
António P. Moreira ◽  
Manuel F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Robotic Applications

The development of robotic systems to operate in forest environments is of great relevance for the public and private sectors. In this sense, this article reviews several scientific papers, research projects and commercial products related to robotic applications for environmental preservation, monitoring, wildfire firefighting, inventory operations, planting, pruning and harvesting. After conducting critical analysis, the main characteristics observed were: (a) the locomotion system is directly affected by the type of environmental monitoring to be performed; (b) different reasons for pruning result in different locomotion and cutting systems; (c) each type of forest, in each season and each type of soil can directly interfere with the navigation technique used; and (d) the integration of the concept of swarm of robots with robots of different types of locomotion systems (land, air or sea) can compensate for the time of executing tasks in unstructured environments. Two major areas are proposed for future research works: Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart forest and navigation systems. It is expected that, with the various characteristics exposed in this paper, the current robotic forest systems will be improved, so that forest exploitation becomes more efficient and sustainable.

Modeling a multi-layered blockchain framework for digital services that governments can implement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fernando Rebollar ◽  
Rocío Aldeco-Perez ◽  
Marco A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Information Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

The general population increasingly uses digital services, meaning services which are delivered over the internet or an electronic network, and events such as pandemics have accelerated the need of using new digital services. Governments have also increased their number of digital services, however, these digital services still lack of sufficient information security, particularly integrity. Blockchain uses cryptographic techniques that allow decentralization and increase the integrity of the information it handles, but it still has disadvantages in terms of efficiency, making it incapable of implementing some digital services where a high rate of transactions are required. In order to increase its efficient, a multi-layer proposal based on blockchain is presented. It has four layers, where each layer specializes in a different type of information and uses properties of public blockchain and private blockchain. An statistical analysis is performed and the proposal is modeled showing that it maintains and even increases the integrity of the information while preserving the efficiency of transactions. Besides, the proposal can be flexible and adapt to different types of digital services. It also considers that voluntary nodes participate in the decentralization of information making it more secure, verifiable, transparent and reliable.

New Data on the Luster Tiles of ʿAbd al-Samad’s Shrine in Natanz, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Anaïs Leone
Keyword(s):  
Central Iran ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Private Collections

Abstract This essay offers new data for identifying and reconstructing the original luster tilework decoration of the tomb chamber of the ʿAbd al-Samad shrine in Natanz, central Iran. The decorated complex around the tomb was likely built during the Ilkhanid period. The removal of Ilkhanid-period luster tiles from their original location has left very few buildings with their original decoration. Moreover, the stripping of an important number of monuments led to the arrival of thousands of tiles of unidentified or incomplete provenance in public and private collections. By cross-referencing available information about preserved revetments (e.g., dimensions, inscriptions, provenance, designs) with verifiable data collected at surviving monuments, it is possible to bridge the gap and unite formerly isolated elements. This study formulates new proposals about the luster tilework in the shrine of ʿAbd al-Samad, especially with regard to the complex ensemble of the mihrab. By locating and detailing the different zones of its decorative scheme, the ensemble becomes more coherent as a whole despite its remaining gaps.

scholarly journals Cell Bioprinting: The 3D-Bioplotter™ Case

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelats Lobo ◽  
Ginestra
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Available Information ◽  
User Friendly

The classic cell culture involves the use of support in two dimensions, such as a well plate or a Petri dish, that allows the culture of different types of cells. However, this technique does not mimic the natural microenvironment where the cells are exposed to. To solve that, three-dimensional bioprinting techniques were implemented, which involves the use of biopolymers and/or synthetic materials and cells. Because of a lack of information between data sources, the objective of this review paper is, to sum up, all the available information on the topic of bioprinting and to help researchers with the problematics with 3D bioprinters, such as the 3D-Bioplotter™. The 3D-Bioplotter™ has been used in the pre-clinical field since 2000 and could allow the printing of more than one material at the same time, and therefore to increase the complexity of the 3D structure manufactured. It is also very precise with maximum flexibility and a user-friendly and stable software that allows the optimization of the bioprinting process on the technological point of view. Different applications have resulted from the research on this field, mainly focused on regenerative medicine, but the lack of information and/or the possible misunderstandings between papers makes the reproducibility of the tests difficult. Nowadays, the 3D Bioprinting is evolving into another technology called 4D Bioprinting, which promises to be the next step in the bioprinting field and might promote great applications in the future.

Who Wins and Who Loses in the Provincial Courts of Appeal? A Statistical Analysis, 1920–1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCormick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Party Capability ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractGiven the visibility and obvious importance of judicial power in the age of the Charter, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for desribing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of appeal courts in the United States and Great Britain is “party capability”, a theory which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from the reported decisions of the provincial courts of appeal for the second and seventh year of each decade since the 1920s, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of the highest courts of the ten provinces; comparisons are attempted across regions and across time periods, as well as with the findings of similar studies of American and British courts.

scholarly journals EMBODIED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TIRE TREAD MOLDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Pawinee Suksuntornsiri ◽  
Monsit Kulamart ◽  
Paiboon Limpitipanich
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Element Type ◽  
Sector Type ◽  
Available Information

In an assessment of the carbon footprint (CFP) of a tire product, embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of its tread mold are usually disregarded due to the absence of available information. This study presents embodied GHG emissions of a winter tire tread mold and evaluates its significance. We also provide a comparative study between two types of mold, namely the sector and the element mold, which are not different in terms of the tread forming in the production process, but subject to the customer’s utilization. The assessment was performed according to the international ISO/DIS 14067 standard, requirements, and guidelines for the quantification of the CFP of products. Required input data of the processes were collected and allocated based on a tread mold production plant located in Thailand. Direct GHG emissions and indirect emissions were calculated according to the 2006 IPCC guidelines. In other indirect processes, secondary data from process-based and input-output-based data were assigned to match the best site specificity, and closer fuel mix in upstream inputs. The results obtained in this study show that the embodied GHG emissions were 5,033.36 kg CO2e for the sector mold, whereas 53.73% additional emissions were found in the dataset using the element mold. The embodied emissions estimated for the aluminum input were found to significantly influence the mold CFP. Disregarding the embodied GHG emissions during the production of a single conventional tire could result in an underestimation of 0.03% for the sector type and 0.05% for the element type. Furthermore, appropriate lifetime utilization of the tread mold could increase the contribution of the tread mold CFP.

Fear in Bureaucracy: Comparing Public and Private Sector Workers’ Expectations of Punishment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Jung ◽  
Barry Bozeman ◽  
Monica Gaughan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Organizational Rules

When employees fear punishment for taking initiative, organizations are likely to be less effective and, equally important, such fear extracts a human toll, often contributing to a variety of manifestations of unhappiness including diminished health. We focus on two different types of fears of punishment, fear of being punished for presenting new ideas and for bending organizational rules. Employing Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing data from 1,189 participants in the 2015 survey of National Administrative Studies Project Citizen, we test hypotheses about possible differences in fear of punishment according to sector (government vs. business), general risk propensity, views about coworkers, job clarity, gender, and whether respondents are members of an underrepresented racial or ethnic minority. Using nested robust regression models, we find that the two different types of fear of punishment are predicted by different variables. Sector has no bearing on fear of punishment for presenting new ideas but is a major predictor of differences in fear of bending the rules, with government employees being more fearful. While gender has no significant effects, being a racial minority is closely related to fear of presenting new ideas. Having a negative view of one’s fellow workers, particularly one’s supervisor, is associated with greater fear of punishment from both rule bending and presenting new ideas. Those with a clear organization mission and job clarity are less likely to be afraid of punishment for proposing innovative ideas but not necessarily for bending rules. We suggest that the results have implications for managerial practice and human resource reform.

Comparative Cellular Localization of Sugar Residues in Bull (Bos taurus) and Donkey (Equus asinus) Testes Using Lectin Histochemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Gewaily ◽  
Mohamed Kassab ◽  
Asmaa Aboelnour ◽  
Essam A. Almadaly ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cellular Components

Lectins are glycoproteins of a non-immune origin often used as histochemical reagents to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in different types of tissues. In this study, we performed a comparative cellular localization of sugar residues in bull and donkey testes using immunofluorescent lectin histochemistry. We inspected the cellular localization of the glycoconjugates within the testes using 11 biotin-labeled lectins (LCA, ConA, PNA, WGA, DBA, SBA, ECA, BPL, PTL-II, UEA-1, and PHA-E4) classified under six groups. Although the basic testicular structure in both species was similar, the cellular components showed different lectin localization patterns. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the intensity of labeling and different variables, including group and type of lectin and type of cell examined, at p < 0.05. However, a stronger response tended to occur in the donkey than in the bull testes (odds ratio: 1.3). These findings may be associated with the different cellular compositions of the glycoproteins and modification changes during spermatogenesis. Moreover, glycoconjugate profiling through lectin histochemistry can characterize some cell-type selective markers that will be helpful in studying bull and donkey spermatogenesis.

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