scholarly journals Back to the future with IATA NDC? Critical turning points in the history of airline distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Stephan Bingemer
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dominant Designs ◽  
Dominant Design ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seminal Article ◽  
Reservation System

Purpose The International Air Transport Association (IATA) New Distribution Capability (NDC) standard aims at modernising the airline distribution landscape. It has supported the spread of Direct Connects by providing a common standard for linking airlines to travel agencies. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the historical development of airline distribution and to derive implications for the future. Design/methodology/approach This paper follows the approach of Yeoman and McMahon-Beattie (2017) in providing a chronological account based on published research. Findings Direct Connects are discussed to be a step back in the evolution of the distribution landscape because they foster disaggregation. An analysis of the history of distribution finds that a comparison of Direct Connects to the early stages of computer reservation system technology falls short to recognise the tremendous technological and market changes connected to the internet, cloud computing and the rise of low-cost carriers. Moreover, drawing on the seminal article by Anderson and Tushman (1990) on technical discontinuities and dominant designs, the current state of the distribution landscape is characterised to be an era of ferment that is driven by design competition and that might end up in a new dominant design. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in a critical review of the turning points of distribution. By reviewing the past developments, the paper sheds light on the contribution that IATA NDC and Direct Connect technology might deliver to the field of airline distribution.

scholarly journals Turning points in tourism’s development: 1946-2095, a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Ian Yeoman ◽  
Una McMahon-Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Turning Points ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Leisure Class ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Purpose This paper sets out to identify when, how and why tourism has changed from 1946 to 2020 using historical and future turning points. Design/methodology/approach Using the evolutionary paradigm from future studies and the authors’ expertise, this paper aims to provide a focussed review of the history of tourism to identify turning points drawing upon examples from Tourism Review that have transformed or will be of significance in the evolution of tourism. Findings This paper identifies three historical turning points which are mobility, Fordism and mass tourism and a modern-day leisure class. Three future turning points are identified including the political importance of tourism, footprint and transformational technologies. Originality/value By undertaking a historical analysis of the tourism literature, we can determine that Hobsbawm’s (1995, p. 46) proposition that “the future is a replication of the past” is true, as many of the debates about tourism from the past are relevant today and will be in the future. Thus, this paper identifies six turning points that are of significance to historians and futurists in understanding the evolution of tourism from 1946 to 2095.

Positioning historical evidences in architectural education: review of methods and contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-507
Author(s):  
Yasira Naeem Pasha ◽  
Shahla Adnan ◽  
Noman Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Purpose This paper aims to position the evidence in the history of architectural education, which has contributed to the development of architecture as a discipline. The paper focusses on the transformational stages of architectural education through history. It builds on considering its evolution from informal stages towards formal educational discipline and then standardization as a curriculum-based model in contemporary times. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a qualitative approach focussing on epistemological interpretations through triangulation. The qualitative data includes two main categories; first, historical research and second, interviews and focussed group discussions. It then adopts the triangulation method for the analysis of data. The exploration positions historical pieces of evidence encompassing important factors involved in the process that directed the changes while suggesting the modes of training of architects. The interviews and focus groups provide a valuable addition to historical data for connecting it to contemporary times. Significant modes examined include master pupil, apprenticeship and curriculum-based model, in addition to several fundamental skill sets such as drawing, painting and sculptures that remained constant in this process. Findings The historical pieces of evidence inform that architectural education has been inclusive and considerate towards cultural concerns throughout its developmental stages untill the currently adopted curriculum-based model. It concludes that the development of architecture as a discipline in formal education has been influenced by methods of disseminating knowledge, contents incorporated for teaching architecture, deliberate inclusion of relevant knowledge areas such as arts and cultural integrations of societies. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to a structured study to explore and position pieces of evidence in the history of architectural education considering its methods and contents. While it signifies the role of culturally sensitive contents in the architectural curricula, the scope of this research is not to focus on the development of any new theory, model or postulate regarding the inclusion of some specific contents. The implications of this research aspire to the best use of methods and contents deeply rooted in the development of the discipline, of architectural curricula in the future. It suggests the negation of possible overlooking of such content in curricula. Originality/value The study signifies the core argument of the relevance of architectural education to social and cultural concerns as an important facet in the developmental stages in the history of the discipline. The exploration of pieces of evidence is significantly important to avoid the inadvertent overlooking of the culturally sensitive content in architectural education in the future development of architectural curricula that were included purposefully.

SEC’s unwavering focus on disclosure of valuation methods and calculation of IRRs by fund sponsors

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Michael P. Earley ◽  
Jessica Panza ◽  
Katherine Thrapp
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Purpose To explain the SEC’s historical focus on the calculation of investment performance and to highlight important issues for fund sponsors in the future. Design/methodology/approach This article discusses the SEC’s recent subpoena of at least one fund sponsor for information related to the firm’s practices in calculating internal rates of return and then explains the history of SEC enforcement in this area. Findings The SEC continues to be focused on how fund sponsors calculate investment performance metrics, such as IRRs, and the related disclosure. Originality/value This article contains valuable information for fund sponsors, such as best practices for valuation methods and related investment performance disclosures, including the calculation of IRRs from experienced investment fund lawyers.

OBD-II and raspberry Pi technology to diagnose car’s machine current condition: study literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Rapinta Manalu ◽  
Jurike Moniaga ◽  
Dionisius Andrian Hadipurnawan ◽  
Firda Sahidi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Technology Comparison

Purpose Low-cost microcomputers such as the Raspberry Pi are common in library makerspaces. This paper aims to create an OBD-II technology to diagnose a vehicle’s condition. Design/methodology/approach An OBD-II scanner plugged into the OBD-II port or usually called the data link connector (DLC), sends diagnostics to the Raspberry Pi. Findings Compared with other microcontrollers such as Arduino, the Raspberry Pi was chosen because it sustains the application to receive real-time diagnostics, process the diagnostics and send commands to automobiles at the same time, rather than Arduino that must wait for another process finished to run another process. Originality/value This paper also represents the history of mobile technology and OBD-II technology, comparison between Arduino and Raspberry Pi and Node.

scholarly journals The turning points of revenue management: a brief history of future evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Seymour Yeoman ◽  
Una McMahon-Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Right

Purpose The primary aim of revenue management (RM) is to sell the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price. Ever since the deregulation of US airline industry, and the emergence of the internet as a distribution channel, RM has come of age. The purpose of this paper is to map out ten turning points in the evolution of Revenue Management taking an historical perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a chronological account based upon published research and literature fundamentally drawn from the Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Findings The significance and success to RM is attributed to the following turning points: Littlewood’s rule, Expected Marginal Seat Revenue, deregulation of the US air industry, single leg to origin and destination RM, the use of family fares, technological advancement, low-cost carriers, dynamic pricing, consumer and price transparency and pricing capabilities in organizations. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in identifying the core trends or turning points that have shaped the development of RM thus assisting futurists or forecasters to shape the future.

Back to the future: 900 years of securitization

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Innovations ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Mortgage Securitization ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Before the 2007 financial crisis, securitized products accounted for half the credit market. Once regarded as one of the biggest financial innovations of the last century, securitization is now viewed as a contributory factor to the crisis. Until recently research has focused on the post-1970s mortgage securitization market. In this paper, I trace the earlier origins of securitization, from the 12th century Genoese compera through to early 20th century efforts. The historical examples highlight unifying themes on risk allocation and complexity. As the future securitization market remains uncertain, it is important to consider lessons to be learned from these historical episodes. Design/methodology/approach – This is primarily a survey article that utilizes historical documents to compare/contrast features of securitization with the recent crisis. Findings – Improved disclosure is the key element to address recent securitization flaws, but disclosure does not really matter if the entire process is not understood. An examination of historical episodes can be instructive. Forging ahead, any securitization reform needs to address why securitization markets formed, why they failed and how the securitization market can be improved. Practical implications – As the future securitization market remains uncertain, it is important to consider lessons to be learned from these historical episodes. Originality/value – To the best of my knowledge, this is one of the first research papers that surveys the history of securitization as far back as the twelfth century.

Thinking in trends: the rise of trend forecasting in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20
Author(s):  
Devon Powers
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trend Forecasting ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper examines the birth of trend forecasting in the USA and position trend forecasters and professional futurists within the wider history of marketing, market research and advertising. Design/methodology/approach The study is based upon archival research, interviews and close readings of primary and secondary literature. Findings Trend forecasters split from traditional market and opinion research in the early 1970s, as concerns about the future became paramount for businesses. At this time, entrepreneurial trend forecasters such as Faith Popcorn started firms, adopting futurological methods to make predictions about the future of culture. The field continued to grow into the 1990s as it developed or modified a host of mostly qualitative research methods, including environmental scanning, consumer ethnography and scenarios. Trend forecasting reveals the complexity of the relationship between business and “the future” and how trends aimed to predict as well as direct that future. Originality/value The article is among the first academic treatments of trend forecasting, drawn from original interviews and exclusively accessed archival research. It contributes to a theory and a history of the concept of a trend, which is understood here as a way to package the movement of culture as sellable. It likewise offers a unique exploration of the relationship between futurology and business.

History of the Journal of Neurosurgery, 1965–1980

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The author, who was Editor of the Journal of Neurosurgery from 1975 to 1985, recalls the history of the Journal during the 15 years beginning in 1965, when Dr. Louise Eisenhardt resigned as its first Editor. In an addendum, he presents some thoughts on the future of neurosurgery and the role the Journal should play in it.

scholarly journals 75 years of Tourism Review: survival by transformation: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Christian Laesser ◽  
Thomas Bieger ◽  
Harald Pechlaner ◽  
Peter Keller ◽  
Dimitrios Buhalis
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The State ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct and analyze the long history of Tourism Review and try to outline the future of this journal. Design/methodology/approach The authors show that Tourism Review has been a good example of multiple life cycles over time and of survival by adaption. Findings The authors illustrate also how this journal has seen decline, as well as revival, and stagnation, as well as innovation. Originality/value It is also a proxy of the state and issues of tourism research and publication over 75 years.

scholarly journals The history of academic research in marketing and its implications for the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36
Author(s):  
Brian T. Ratchford
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Basic Body ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Computer Power ◽  
Marketing Problems

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine what the history of research in marketing implies for the reaction of the field to recent developments in technology due to the internet and associated developments. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the introduction of new research topics over 10-year intervals from 1960 to the present. These provide the basic body of knowledge that drives the field at the present time. Findings While researchers have always borrowed techniques, they have refined them to make them applicable to marketing problems. Moreover, the field has always responded to new developments in technology, such as more powerful computers, scanners and scanner data, and the internet with a flurry of research that applies the technologies. Research limitations/implications Marketing will adapt to changes brought on by the internet, increased computer power and big data. While the field faces competition for other disciplines, its established body of knowledge about solving marketing problems gives it a unique advantage. Originality/value This paper traces the history of academic marketing from 1960 to the present to show how major changes in the field responded to changes in computer power and technology. It also derives implications for the future from this analysis.

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