The use of modified wood in the construction of wastewater treatment plants in coal mines of Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Elesin ◽  
Nikolay A. Mashkin ◽  
Boris V. Krutasov ◽  
Natalia V. Karmanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
State University ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to show an improvement in resistance (permeability) and durability (residual strength) of modified wood compared to natural wood.Design/methodology/approachA relevance way to increase the durability and resistance of wood is processing with polymers. Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) and the Norilsk State Industrial Institute researched the resistance of elements of mine treatment plants made of wood modified with synthetic polymers. The study was carried out according to V.A. Kucherenko. Modification of such species as birch and pine can significantly increase wood resources by extending its service life and improving its physical and mechanical properties. Latex-organosilicon modifier was used as a modifier.FindingsLatex clogs the capillaries of wood, preventing the penetration of aggressive solutions into it, and potassium methyl silicate interacts with hydrophilic OH groups, increasing the water-repellent properties of the surface of cells and wood capillaries.Originality/valueThe results of long-term and predictive tests of modified wood in aggressive environments of treatment facilities are presented. As a result, diffusion of aggressive media into the wood becomes more difficult and its resistance and durability increase.

Evaluation and treatment of atlas burst fractures (Jefferson fractures)

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Kesterson ◽  
Edward Benzel ◽  
William Orrison ◽  
James Coleman
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Jefferson Fracture ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
Burst Fractures ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
Atlas Fractures ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Although several large series of atlas fractures have been reported recently, none has concentrated on the evaluation and treatment of atlas burst fractures (Jefferson fractures). The treatment of this fracture is challenging. Its diagnosis may easily be missed due to concerns about associated trauma and absence of neurological signs. In addition, the open-mouth anteroposterior x-ray study, which is usually pathognomonic for the diagnosis, is often inadequate or not obtained. In order to clarify the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, 17 cases of Jefferson fracture treated between 1982 and 1989 at the Louisiana State University Affiliated Hospitals are presented. The diagnosis was delayed in three patients because of a low index of suspicion and inadequate x-ray films. Four patients were noted to have unstable Jefferson fractures; all of these had an associated Type II odontoid fracture and were treated with occiput-C-2 wiring and fusion. The remainder of the patients had stable Jefferson fractures and were managed with Minerva jackets or rigid collar stabilization. No significant complications related to the treatment of the Jefferson fracture occurred in this series. One patient died from associated injuries: however, the remaining patients enjoyed an excellent long-term result with the acquisition of spinal stability and the resolution of subjective complaints.

scholarly journals Condition of production and operation of railway sleepers from various materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Курьянова ◽  
Tatyana Kuryanova ◽  
Алексей Платонов ◽  
Aleksey Platonov ◽  
Марина Михеевская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Production And Operation ◽  
Modified Wood

Sleepers are elements of the upper structure of the railway track. When choosing a material for the manufacture of sleepers, we are based on such basic factors as cost for the whole life cycle and performance characteristics. In connection with the depletion of wood stocks in the world and the short life of wooden sleepers, the process of using sleepers made of reinforced concrete, metal and plastic goes intensively. The service life of pine sleepers is no more than 12-15 years, reinforced concrete sleepers are about 30-50 years old, plastic ones are up to 40 years old, and metal ones are 50-60 years old. However, wooden sleepers differ in the least cost, they practically do not have restrictions on the laying areas, and in some cases have a clear advantage over other materials. Reinforced concrete, metal and plastic sleepers are more expensive than wooden ones, have a longer payback period and are recommended to be laid on roads with high freight intensity, where they can pay off as quickly as possible. It is possible to reduce the shortcomings of sleepers made of natural wood, using modified hardwood for their manufacture, which, by pressing, will be stronger than the sleepers made of natural wood, which, in its physical and mechanical properties, is not inferior to sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, a certain disadvantage of the modified wood is its ability to change size and shape with increasing humidity. Stabilization of sizes and forms of modified wood can be increased by impregnating it with the composition of antiseptic with stabilizer. The predicted service life of sleepers from modified wood can be significantly higher than that of wooden sleepers made of natural coniferous wood.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF IMPREGNATION OF BIRCH WOOD IN THE PRODUCTION OF SLEEPERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Svetlana Snegireva ◽  
Aleksey Platonov ◽  
Dmitriy Parinov ◽  
Ilya Medvedev ◽  
Aleksandra Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Antiseptic Solution ◽  
Cold Bath ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Wood Impregnation ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood is widely used for the production of sleepers in Russia. Sleepers made of natural wood have the disadvantage – short service life. It is possible to increase the service life of wooden sleepers using pressed (modified) wood for their manufacture. Wood pressing is one of the most promising areas for improving its physical and mechanical properties. Pressed wood, in its turn, has a drawback – the ability to significantly change size and shape when humidity changes, as well as low biological resistance. The solution to this problem is to impregnate wood with an antiseptic solution with a stabilizer. The durability of pressed wood products largely depends on the quality of its impregnation and the amount of absorbed solution by the surface layer. The most simple and effective method (among the known for impregnation in the manufacture of railway sleepers) is impregnation of wood in hot-cold baths. In the work, the efficiency of wood impregnation by the method of hot-cold baths has been studied taking into account various conditions of exposure to a cold solution. The first option is to quickly replace a hot solution with a cold one. The second is the impregnation of wood during the natural cooling of hot solution. It was found that the depth of wood impregnation during gradual cooling of wood in a hot solution is 2.5 times less than the depth of impregnation during cooling in a cold solution, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The amount of solution absorbed by wood when impregnated by the hot-cold bath method with the gradual cooling of hot impregnating solution is 16% less than when cooling in a cold impregnating solution. Hot-cold bath method with cooling in a cold solution can be recommended for the manufacture of sleepers from modified wood

Publishing student scholarship: exploring the ETD initiative at a medium-sized institution

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocan (Lucy) Wang ◽  
Natalie Bulick ◽  
Valentine Muyumba
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
State University ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indiana State University ◽  
Personal Management ◽  
Initiative Process ◽  
Electronic Theses And Dissertations ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the Electronic Theses and Dissertations program implemented and managed by the Indiana State University since 2009. The paper illustrates issues relating to the background, policies, platform, workflow and cataloging, as well as the publication and preservation of graduate scholarship. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examined many aspects of the Electronic Theses and Dissertations program and addressed issues dealt before, during and after the publication of the electronic theses and dissertations collection. The approaches the authors utilized are literature review and personal management experience from working on the program. Findings – Implementing an Electronic Theses and Dissertations program involves providing a series of management services. These services include developing relevant policies, implementing an archiving and publication platform and creating submission and publishing workflows, as well as cataloging, disseminating and preserving the student collection. Openly publishing the collection through a range of access points significantly increases its visibility and accessibility. Adopting several archival and preservation strategies ensures the long-term readiness of the collection. Originality/value – This paper will provide useful practices for implementing an ETD program to those institutions new to the ETD initiative process. It also contributes to the current body of literature and to the overall improvement of ETD programs globally.

Dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography scanning in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: association with patient survival and histopathological characteristics of tumor after high-dose radiotherapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Schwartz ◽  
B. Leonard Holman ◽  
Joseph F. Polak ◽  
Basem M. Garada ◽  
Marc S. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The study was conducted to determine the association between dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scanning and histopathological findings of tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Methods. Studies in which SPECT with 201Tl and 99mTc-hexamethypropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) were used were performed 1 day before reoperation in 47 patients with glioblastoma multiforme who had previously been treated by surgery and high-dose radiotherapy. Maximum uptake of 201Tl in the lesion was expressed as a ratio to that in the contralateral scalp, and uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO was expressed as a ratio to that in the cerebellar cortex. Patients were stratified into groups based on the maximum radioisotope uptake values in their tumor beds. The significance of differences in patient gender, histological characteristics of tissue at reoperation, and SPECT uptake group with respect to 1-year survival was elucidated by using the chi-square statistic. Comparisons of patient ages and time to tumor recurrence as functions of 1-year survival were made using the t-test. Survival data at 1 year were presented according to the Kaplan—Meier method, and the significance of potential differences was evaluated using the log-rank method. The effects of different variables (tumor type, time to recurrence, and SPECT grouping) on long-term survival were evaluated using Cox proportional models that controlled for age and gender. All patients in Group I (201Tl ratio < 2 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio < 0.5) showed radiation changes in their biopsy specimens: they had an 83.3% 1-year survival rate. Group II patients (201T1 ratio < 2 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio of ≥ 0.5 or 201Tl ratio between 2 and 3.5 regardless of 99mTc-HMPAO ratio) had predominantly infiltrating tumor (66.6%); they had a 29.2% 1-year survival rate. Almost all of the patients in Group III (201Tl ratio > 3.5 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio ≥ 0.5) had solid tumor (88.2%) and they had a 6.7% 1-year survival rate. Histological data were associated with 1-year survival (p < 0.01); however, SPECT grouping was more closely associated with 1-year survival (p < 0.001) and was the only variable significantly associated with long-term survival (p < 0.005). Conclusions. Dual-isotope SPECT data correlate with histopathological findings made at reoperation and with survival in patients with malignant gliomas after surgical and high-dose radiation therapy.

Long-term management of patients with multiple brain metastases after shaped beam radiosurgery

2004 ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
Paul Okunieff ◽  
Michael C. Schell ◽  
Russell Ruo ◽  
E. Ronald Hale ◽  
Walter G. O'Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Multiple Metastases ◽  
Extracranial Disease ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The Brain

✓ The role of radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage metastatic disease is currently under debate. Previous randomized studies have not consistently supported the use of radiosurgery to treat patients with numbers of brain metastases. In negative-results studies, however, intracranial tumor control was high but extracranial disease progressed; thus, patient survival was not greatly affected, although neurocognitive function was generally maintained until death. Because the future promises improved systemic (extracranial) therapy, the successful control of brain disease is that much more crucial. Thus, for selected patients with multiple metastases to the brain who remain in good neurological condition, aggressive lesion-targeting radiosurgery should be very useful. Although a major limitation to success of this therapy is the lack of control of extracranial disease in most patients, it is clear that well-designed, aggressive treatment substantially decreases the progression of brain metastases and also improves neurocognitive survival. The authors present the management and a methodology for rational treatment of a patient with breast cancer who has harbored 24 brain metastases during a 3-year period.

Spinal meningioma after treatment for Hodgkin disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Christopher J. Hammond ◽  
H. Jane Dobbs ◽  
Safa Al-Sarraj ◽  
Nicholas W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Disease ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Combined Modality Treatment ◽  
Spinal Meningioma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Long Term Survivors

✓ Long-term survivors of Hodgkin disease may develop second primary tumors caused by the mutagenic effects of radio- and chemotherapy. The authors describe the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with an unusual meningioma of the cervical spine 9 years after undergoing combined-modality treatment for Hodgkin disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of spinal meningioma as a complication of such therapy. Whereas radiation-induced intracranial meningiomas are well described in the literature, treatment-induced meningiomas of the spine have not been widely recognized.

scholarly journals UV Stimulated Manganese Dioxide for the Persulfate Catalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Guihua Dong ◽  
Bing Chen ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Stanislav R. Stoyanov ◽  
Yiqi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

One of the most commonly produced industrial chemicals worldwide, bisphenol A (BPA), is used as a precursor in plastics, resins, paints, and many other materials. It has been proved that BPA can cause long-term adverse effects on ecosystems and human health due to its toxicity as an endocrine disruptor. In this study, we developed an integrated MnO2/UV/persulfate (PS) process for use in BPA photocatalytic degradation from water and examined the reaction mechanisms, degradation pathways, and toxicity reduction. Comparative tests using MnO2, PS, UV, UV/MnO2, MnO2/PS, and UV/PS processes were conducted under the same conditions to investigate the mechanism of BPA catalytic degradation by the proposed MnO2/UV/PS process. The best performance was observed in the MnO2/UV/PS process in which BPA was completely removed in 30 min with a reduction rate of over 90% for total organic carbon after 2 h. This process also showed a stable removal efficiency with a large variation of pH levels (3.6 to 10.0). Kinetic analysis suggested that 1O2 and SO4•− played more critical roles than •OH for BPA degradation. Infrared spectra showed that UV irradiation could stimulate the generation of –OH groups on the MnO2 photocatalyst surface, facilitating the PS catalytic degradation of BPA in this process. The degradation pathways were further proposed in five steps, and thirteen intermediates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity was analyzed during the treatment, showing a slight increase (by 3.3%) in the first 30 min and then a decrease by four-fold over 2 h. These findings help elucidate the mechanism and pathways of BPA degradation and provide an effective PS catalytic strategy.

scholarly journals Review of Functional Treatments for Modified Wood

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Morwenna J. Spear ◽  
Simon F. Curling ◽  
Athanasios Dimitriou ◽  
Graham A. Ormondroyd
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Impregnation Modification ◽  
New Applications ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood modification is now widely recognized as offering enhanced properties of wood and overcoming issues such as dimensional instability and biodegradability which affect natural wood. Typical wood modification systems use chemical modification, impregnation modification or thermal modification, and these vary in the properties achieved. As control and understanding of the wood modification systems has progressed, further opportunities have arisen to add extra functionalities to the modified wood. These include UV stabilisation, fire retardancy, or enhanced suitability for paints and coatings. Thus, wood may become a multi-functional material through a series of modifications, treatments or reactions, to create a high-performance material with previously impossible properties. In this paper we review systems that combine the well-established wood modification procedures with secondary techniques or modifications to deliver emerging technologies with multi-functionality. The new applications targeted using this additional functionality are diverse and range from increased electrical conductivity, creation of sensors or responsive materials, improvement of wellbeing in the built environment, and enhanced fire and flame protection. We identified two parallel and connected themes: (1) the functionalisation of modified timber and (2) the modification of timber to provide (multi)-functionality. A wide range of nanotechnology concepts have been harnessed by this new generation of wood modifications and wood treatments. As this field is rapidly expanding, we also include within the review trends from current research in order to gauge the state of the art, and likely direction of travel of the industry.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Petar Antov ◽  
Viktor Savov ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Roman Réh ◽  
George I. Mantanis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
European Standards

The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

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